Exam 30: Conditioning and Learning: Operant Conditioning

You are training a rat to press a bar.Instead of waiting for the rat's first accidental bar press,you reinforce the rat with a food pellet for facing the bar and then turning toward the bar.Next,you reinforce the rat every time he takes a step toward the bar,until he touches the bar.Lastly,you reinforce the rat for pressing the bar.You are

Skinner once placed some pigeons in Skinner boxes and reinforced them with food randomly no matter what they were doing.Despite the fact that there was no real connection between their behavior and its consequences,each pigeon acted as if there were with one bird flapping its left wing,another hopping on one foot,and a third turning in complete circles.Skinner used which of the following terms to describe such behaviors that are repeated because they appear to produce reinforcement when really the behaviors are unnecessary?

During the training of the "sniffer" dogs who locate drugs,the dogs are reinforced only for approaching containers baited with drugs.This training illustrates the use of

One learns to differentiate between antecedent stimuli that signal reward and nonreward through

Compare and contrast classical and operant conditioning,including the nature of the response,the timing of learning,the role of the learner,the nature of the learning,and the learned expectancy for each.

Because Cindy was disruptive during the family game time,she was sent to her room.Being sent to her room and away from the family fun is an example of the behavioral procedure known as

You had originally loved going to a particular restaurant every day for lunch.However,you are becoming bored with the menu and find that everything has started to taste the same.Chances are you find yourself going to this restaurant less and less,which illustrates the process of

A Skinner box is also called

You decide that you want to study more,so you set a series of gradual,daily goals and reinforce yourself for meeting each goal in the series.You are using a technique known as

The best-known form of response cost involves children being removed from situations that normally allow them to gain reinforcement,a procedure known as

Barnabus the rat learned a complex series of behaviors,including climbing a staircase,pulling a toy car,wriggling through a tube,and then pressing a lever,in order to receive a food pellet.This complex series of behavior were learned through

The students have learned to tell when Dr.Morgan is in a "good" mood or not by how she enters the room.If she speaks as she enters the room,it will be a "good" day,but if she puts her books down before she speaks,"watch out." Their ability to anticipate her mood for the day and act accordingly illustrates

To determine whether attendance at sports events is an operant reinforcer for a particular teenager,such attendance would have to

The brief return of an operant response after its apparent extinction is known as

In which of the following does the nature of learning involve a neutral stimulus becoming a conditioned stimulus (CS)through its association with an unconditioned stimulus (US)?

If you wanted to train a dog to play the piano or a cat to turn on the living room lights,you would most likely use

A few weeks after giving up on buying state lottery tickets,many people are tempted to try again,thus,illustrating the concept of

Negative reinforcement and punishment

A reward will reliably increase responding,while an operant reinforcer will increase responding only occasionally.

If you wear sunglasses to escape the glare of the sun,then you are wearing the sunglasses because of __________reinforcement.