Exam 30: Conditioning and Learning: Operant Conditioning

Which of the following types of learning is strengthened each time a response is followed by a satisfying state of affairs and weakened if the response is followed by an unsatisfying state of affairs?

When a mother praises her child each time she behaves properly in the grocery store,she is

Jimmy helps his father put away the dishes after dinner.If Jimmy's father wants to increase the probability of this behavior,he will be most successful by praising Jimmy

If you study to relieve your fear of receiving an F on the upcoming test,then your studying has increased due to

There is an old story about a young boy who was left to guard the village sheep.He was instructed to cry "wolf" if he thought the sheep were in danger.Even though there was no danger,the boy enjoyed crying "wolf" over and over,just to see the villagers come running.Then,when a wolf did appear,the disbelieving villagers ignored the boy's cry.The failure of the villagers to respond illustrates the operant conditioning concept called

Which of the following is an example of response cost?

The probability of a response is altered by the effect it has,according to the law of

Which of the following terms applies to the observation that responses reinforced in the presence of certain stimuli will occur under similar stimulus conditions?

When walking outside,your hands get so cold that they hurt.You take a pair of gloves out of your backpack and put them on,ending the pain.Putting on the gloves is

Human superstitious behaviors can be partially explained by

Dana,a three­year­old autistic child,is being taught to answer questions with a "Yes" or a "No." She was given verbal praise and the cookie when she answered "Yes" to questions like "Do you want a cookie?" (a preferred food)and "No" when she answered "No" to questions like "Do you want corn?" (a non­preferred food).Additionally,she was praised if she answered "Yes" to questions like "Does a cow say 'moo'?" or "No" to the question,"Is this a shoe?" when shown a picture of a boat.This productive behavior is being encouraged by arranging which of the following so they are response contingent?

On Fridays,you know that you can dress casually for work,but on Wednesdays when the corporate executive usually drops by,you know you should dress in your best suit.This illustrates

A linked series of actions that lead to reinforcement is the definition of which of the following concepts?

A rat learned to press a bar to turn off a mild shock it was receiving through the floor of its cage.In this case,bar pressing was

Operant conditioning is also known as

Reinforcement is most effective

Drivers tend to demonstrate safer driving behaviors when a police car is present.The fact that drivers do this implies that the police car has become a(n)

Rituals to bring rain,ward off illness,or produce abundant crops very likely earn the faith of participants because they occasionally appear to succeed.This illustrates

Operant conditioning focuses on how

You are a very good skater,but you did not start out that way.Your mother reinforced you for each small improvement you made over several months.This process is known as