Exam 30: Conditioning and Learning: Operant Conditioning

In which type of learning are new behavior patterns molded by changing the probability that various responses will be made?

We pick up phones that are ringing,but rarely answer phones that are silent.This is an example of

Which of the following tends to develop when children are ignored for playing quietly,but are given attention in the form of scolding for "showing off," breaking something,or throwing a temper tantrum?

If you walk under a ladder and then break a leg,you may avoid ladders in the future.Each time you avoid a ladder and nothing happens,this avoidance action is reinforced.This illustrates

A dog is much more likely to keep searching for food under a pillow if it finds food there,but the dog will likely stop looking there if it fails to find food,or finds something frightening.This illustrates _______ conditioning.

The type of learning that involves voluntary responses with the animal or person emitting a response is called _______ conditioning.

If you drive through a red traffic light,you may get a ticket.If the light is green,you will not get a ticket.In operant conditioning terms,the red and green lights serve as

After the successful extinction of your son's whining for a toy while you are shopping,you go shopping several weeks later and he begins to whine for a toy as if he is "just checking to see if the rules have changed back." This situation illustrates

When Erica broke her curfew,her parents took away all of her phone and car privileges for a week.Erica's parents are using negative punishment,also known as _______.

If the teacher never calls on you when you raise your hand,you will probably stop raising your hand.This decrease in your hand raising due to the teacher ignoring you is an example of

Which of the following is the tendency to make an operant response when stimuli previously associated with reward are present and to withhold the response when stimuli associated with nonreward are present?

You locate a vending machine and deposit your last bit of change to buy a candy bar.Then you press the button,and nothing happens.You press the other buttons,try the coin return,and look for an attendant.Still nothing happens.Impulsively,you give the machine a little kick,and out pops a candy bar plus 75 cents.Because your kick produced food and money,the odds of repeating the "kicking response" increase.This situation illustrates

A parent is trying to increase the time his child spends studying by rewarding the child with a baseball card for each hour he studies.The child does not increase or decrease his study time.This story illustrates the difference between

If you study to achieve an A and the praise of your teacher,you are studying for _______ reinforcement.

Two important aspects of stimulus control are

On your cell phone,you have one ring tone for people you want to speak to,one ring tone for people you do not want to speak to,and another ring tone for calls from strangers.In fact,anyone can clearly observe that you show different telephone answering behaviors in response to these different ring tones.Thus,these ring tones serve as

Negative reinforcement is a type of punishment that decreases the behavior it follows.

The probability of making a response is altered by the consequences that follow this response during which type of learning?

Which of the following types of learning involves involuntary responses and passive responding by the animal or person?

In terms of the informational view,operant conditioning occurs when we