Question 1

A reinforced response tends to be made again when similar antecedents are present.This is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) operant stimulus discrimination. 
B) operant stimulus generalization. 
C) operant stimulus disinhibition. 
D) spontaneous recovery. 
A) operant stimulus discrimination. 
B) operant stimulus generalization. 
C) operant stimulus disinhibition. 
D) spontaneous recovery.

Question 2

A teenager can expect to borrow the car if he has his homework and chores completed,while he can expect not to "get the keys" if he has not completed his homework and chores.This illustrates

Accepted Answer

A) the interactionist view of operant conditioning. 
B) operant desensitization. 
C) Thorndike's law of association. 
D) the informational view of operant conditioning. 
A) the interactionist view of operant conditioning. 
B) operant desensitization. 
C) Thorndike's law of association. 
D) the informational view of operant conditioning.

Question 3

What effect does negative reinforcement have on a person's responding?

Accepted Answer

A) increases it 
B) decreases it 
C) completely extinguishes it 
D) makes responding more unpleasant 
A) increases it 
B) decreases it 
C) completely extinguishes it 
D) makes responding more unpleasant

Question 4

The process through which a response is taught by rewarding successive approximations to the final desired response is referred to as __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The process through which a response is...

Question 5

By changing the rules about what makes a successful response,we can gradually,through successive approximations,train an animal or a person to make a chain of responses or to improve a skill.This process is called

Accepted Answer

A) shaping. 
B) respondent conditioning. 
C) latent learning. 
D) vicarious classical conditioning. 
A) shaping. 
B) respondent conditioning. 
C) latent learning. 
D) vicarious classical conditioning.

Question 6

Which of the following types of associative learning is also known as instrumental learning and can be used to alter your own behavior and the behavior of pets,children,and other adults?

Accepted Answer

A) respondent conditioning 
B) operant conditioning 
C) classical conditioning 
D) Pavlovian conditioning 
A) respondent conditioning 
B) operant conditioning 
C) classical conditioning 
D) Pavlovian conditioning

Question 7

Your friend tells you that "negative reinforcement is a type of punishment." Explain why your friend is VERY
WRONG about these concepts by giving the definition and an example of each concept.

Accepted Answer

Answer will include the definition diffe

Question 8

A series of responses that gradually approach a desired pattern of behavior are called

Accepted Answer

A) adaptations. 
B) gradients. 
C) successive approximations. 
D) conditioning trials. 
A) adaptations. 
B) gradients. 
C) successive approximations. 
D) conditioning trials.

Question 9

Even though it will be four years before you graduate,you study and work hard because you know that having the degree will help you obtain a good job.Looking toward this degree helps maintain your hard work through a series of courses even through the reinforcement is delayed for several years.This illustrates

Accepted Answer

A) serial acquisition. 
B) latent learning. 
C) response chaining. 
D) stimulus control. 
A) serial acquisition. 
B) latent learning. 
C) response chaining. 
D) stimulus control.

Question 10

Which of the following concepts explains why young children may temporarily call all men daddy,much to the embarrassment of their parents?

Accepted Answer

A) latent learning. 
B) response chaining. 
C) operant stimulus discrimination. 
D) operant stimulus generalization. 
A) latent learning. 
B) response chaining. 
C) operant stimulus discrimination. 
D) operant stimulus generalization.

Question 11

You live in an apartment and your neighbor's stereo is blasting so loudly that your ears hurt.If you pound on the wall and the volume suddenly drops,you are more likely to pound on the wall again if the stereo is loud because

Accepted Answer

A) you have undergone extinction. 
B) you have been negatively reinforced. 
C) you have been positively reinforced. 
D) of the consequence of response cost. 
A) you have undergone extinction. 
B) you have been negatively reinforced. 
C) you have been positively reinforced. 
D) of the consequence of response cost.

Question 12

From a response contingent viewpoint,which of the following tells a person or an animal that a response was "right" and worth repeating?

Accepted Answer

A) conditioned stimulus 
B) reinforcer 
C) operant 
D) acquisitional cue 
A) conditioned stimulus 
B) reinforcer 
C) operant 
D) acquisitional cue

Question 13

Reinforcement in operant conditioning is most effective when it is

Accepted Answer

A) response contingent. 
B) stimulus contingent. 
C) US-CS contingent. 
D) NS-CS contingent. 
A) response contingent. 
B) stimulus contingent. 
C) US-CS contingent. 
D) NS-CS contingent.

Question 14

Your dog jumps up on you when you get home.You eliminate this behavior by withholding your attention and ignoring the dog when it jumps on you.This is called

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) punishment. 
D) operant extinction. 
A) classical conditioning. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) punishment. 
D) operant extinction.

Question 15

The law of effect was proposed by

Accepted Answer

A) Edward Thorndike. 
B) B.F.Skinner. 
C) Ivan Pavlov. 
D) John B.Watson. 
A) Edward Thorndike. 
B) B.F.Skinner. 
C) Ivan Pavlov. 
D) John B.Watson.

Question 16

Whether we drive our car across an intersection depends on if the traffic light is red or green.This illustrates the principle of

Accepted Answer

A) stimulus control. 
B) operant extinction. 
C) stimulus generalization. 
D) the partial reinforcement effect. 
A) stimulus control. 
B) operant extinction. 
C) stimulus generalization. 
D) the partial reinforcement effect.

Question 17

Every time you give advice to a friend she suddenly turns cold and distant.Lately,you've stopped offering her
advice because your advice was negatively punished by rejection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Negative attention-seeking will develop in some children because

Accepted Answer

A) punishment is always ineffective and teaches aggression. 
B) the parents reward the children's correct social behaviors in only limited situations. 
C) punishment was not used to get rid of the negative attention-seeking in the children. 
D) the children receive attention when they are ill-behaved but are ignored when they are well-behaved. 
A) punishment is always ineffective and teaches aggression. 
B) the parents reward the children's correct social behaviors in only limited situations. 
C) punishment was not used to get rid of the negative attention-seeking in the children. 
D) the children receive attention when they are ill-behaved but are ignored when they are well-behaved.

Question 19

Ms.Campbell gives her students a star for every completed homework assignment.The star serves as a

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcer. 
B) negative reinforcer. 
C) primary reinforcer. 
D) response cost. 
A) positive reinforcer. 
B) negative reinforcer. 
C) primary reinforcer. 
D) response cost.

Question 20

Because taking a drug reduces withdrawal symptoms,taking the drug is

Accepted Answer

A) negatively reinforced. 
B) positively reinforced. 
C) vicariously reinforced. 
D) extinguished. 
A) negatively reinforced. 
B) positively reinforced. 
C) vicariously reinforced. 
D) extinguished.

Exam 30: Conditioning and Learning: Operant Conditioning

A reinforced response tends to be made again when similar antecedents are present.This is referred to as

A teenager can expect to borrow the car if he has his homework and chores completed,while he can expect not to "get the keys" if he has not completed his homework and chores.This illustrates

What effect does negative reinforcement have on a person's responding?

The process through which a response is taught by rewarding successive approximations to the final desired response is referred to as __________.

By changing the rules about what makes a successful response,we can gradually,through successive approximations,train an animal or a person to make a chain of responses or to improve a skill.This process is called

Which of the following types of associative learning is also known as instrumental learning and can be used to alter your own behavior and the behavior of pets,children,and other adults?

Your friend tells you that "negative reinforcement is a type of punishment." Explain why your friend is VERY WRONG about these concepts by giving the definition and an example of each concept.

A series of responses that gradually approach a desired pattern of behavior are called

Which of the following concepts explains why young children may temporarily call all men daddy,much to the embarrassment of their parents?

You live in an apartment and your neighbor's stereo is blasting so loudly that your ears hurt.If you pound on the wall and the volume suddenly drops,you are more likely to pound on the wall again if the stereo is loud because

From a response contingent viewpoint,which of the following tells a person or an animal that a response was "right" and worth repeating?

Reinforcement in operant conditioning is most effective when it is

Your dog jumps up on you when you get home.You eliminate this behavior by withholding your attention and ignoring the dog when it jumps on you.This is called

The law of effect was proposed by

Whether we drive our car across an intersection depends on if the traffic light is red or green.This illustrates the principle of

Every time you give advice to a friend she suddenly turns cold and distant.Lately,you've stopped offering her advice because your advice was negatively punished by rejection.

Negative attention-seeking will develop in some children because

Ms.Campbell gives her students a star for every completed homework assignment.The star serves as a

Because taking a drug reduces withdrawal symptoms,taking the drug is

Introduction

How to Study Psychology

Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now

Introducing Psychology: the Psychology Experiment

Introducing Psychology: Non-Experimental Research Methods

Psychology in Action: Thinking Critically About the Media

Brain and Behavior: Neurons and the Nervous System

Brain and Behavior: Brain Research

Brain and Behavior: Hemispheres and Lobes of the Cortex

Brain and Behavior: Sub-Cortex and Endocrine System

Psychology in Action: Handedness

Human Development: Heredity and Environment

Human Development: Emotional and Social Development in Childhood

Human Development: Language and Cognitive Development in Childhood

Human Development: Adolescence and Adulthood

Psychology in Action: Well-Being and Happiness

Sensation and Perception: Sensory Processes

Sensation and Perception: Vision

Sensation and Perception: The Other Senses

Sensation and Perception: Perceptual Processes

Sensation and Perception: Perception and Objectivity

Psychology in Action: Extrasensory Perception

Consciousness: States of Consciousness

Consciousness: Sleep and Dreams

Consciousness: Psychoactive Drugs

Psychology in Action: Exploring and Using Dreams

Conditioning and Learning: Types of Learning

Conditioning and Learning: Classical Conditioning

Conditioning and Learning: Reinforcement and Punishment

Psychology in Action: Behavioral Self-Management

Memory: Memory Systems

Memory: Forgetting

Memory: Exceptional Memory and Improving Memory

Psychology in Action: Mnemonics

Cognition and Intelligence: Imagery, Concepts, and Language

Cognition and Intelligence: Problem Solving

Cognition and Intelligence: Creative Thinking and Intuition

Cognition and Intelligence: Intelligence

Psychology in Action: Enhancing Creativity

Motivation and Emotion: Overview of Motives and Emotions

Motivation and Emotion: Motivation in Detail

Motivation and Emotion: Emotion in Detail

Psychology in Action: Emotional Intelligence

Human Sexuality: Sexual Development and Orientation

Human Sexuality: Gender Development, Androgyny, and Gender Variance

Human Sexuality: Sexual Behavior, Response, and Attitudes

Psychology in Action: Sexual Problems

Personality: Overview of Personality

Personality: Trait Theories

Personality: Psychoanalytic and Humanistic Theories

Personality: Behavioral and Social Learning Theories

Psychology in Action: Understanding Shyness

Health, Stress, and Coping: Health Psychology

Health, Stress, and Coping: Stress, Frustration, and Conflict

Health, Stress, and Coping: Defenses, Helplessness, and Depression

Health, Stress, and Coping: Stress and Health

Psychology in Action: Stress Management

Psychological Disorders: Normality and Psychopathology

Psychological Disorders: Psychosis, Delusional Disorders, and Schizophrenia