Exam 7: Section 2: Learning

The nonconscious cognitive elements that give rise to expectancies in classical conditioning are largely the result of the functions of the:

A shy and timid child works up the courage to raise his hand to answer a question. The teacher calls on him and the child delivers an excellent answer. The teacher exclaims, "That is the best answer I have heard all week! Great job! Come up to the front of the room to get a sticker!" Unfortunately, the child found all of this attention unpleasant, and no longer answers questions in class. His behavior of answering questions was:

In an artificial grammar task, participants are shown strings of letters labeled grammatically correct and grammatically incorrect. Then they are shown new strings and are asked to classify them as correct or incorrect. Participants usually are:

Which is the MOST effective technique to learn school-related material?

A toddler has learned that the jack-in-the-box won't operate unless she turns the hand crank around exactly 10 times. The toddler's behavior is being reinforced under which schedule of reinforcement?

In Pavlov's research, what was the CR?

Lots of cash in hand always makes Charlie's heart race with excitement, due to the phenomenon known as:

The tendency of a previously extinguished behavior to reoccur following a rest period is called:

Implicit learning is _____ implicit memory.

The technical term for a Skinner box is a(n):

When children observed the adult models being rewarded for being aggressive toward the Bobo doll, the children:

Classical conditioning is the study of behaviors that are _____, whereas operant conditioning studies behaviors that are _____.

Habituation is a general process in which _____ exposure to a stimulus results in a gradual _____ in responding to that stimulus.

An animal trainer is conditioning an elephant to startle at the sound of a trombone. Every time she plays the trombone, she then shows the elephant a mouse, which startles the elephant. Eventually the elephant startles at just the sound of the trombone. However, after playing the trombone 10 more times, without a mouse appearing, the elephant exhibits no response. The trainer then gives the elephant an adequate rest period from the trombone. What is MOST likely to occur if the elephant hears the trombone again the following week?

In one study, pigeons watched other pigeons receive reinforcement for either stepping on a bar or pecking at the feeder. When the observer pigeons were later put in the operant chamber they tended to:

What was the US in the Little Albert study?

Reinforcers ____ and punishers ____ effectiveness as the delay increases between the behavior and the consequence.

Rescorla and Wagner introduced a(n) _____ component to classical conditioning.

Recent research has indicated that interjecting frequent short tests (e.g., pop quizzes) during a lecture is beneficial to learning because it:

The _____ nucleus of the amygdala plays a critical role in emotional conditioning.