Exam 7: Section 2: Learning

A baby will not stop crying, and he is driving his parents crazy. As a last resort, the father puts the baby in a laundry basket and sets the basket on top of the running dryer. The vibrations of the dryer soothe the baby and he falls asleep. The father congratulates himself on discovering this solution, which he most definitely will employ the next time the baby cannot be consoled. The dryer trick has thus been:

In one of his experiments, Skinner put several pigeons in Skinner boxes, set the food dispenser to deliver food every 15 seconds, and left the birds to their own devices. Later, he returned and found the birds engaging in odd, idiosyncratic behaviors, such as pecking aimlessly in a corner or turning in circles. Skinner referred to these behaviors as:

Learning to drive a car is an example of _____ that becomes _____ over time.

Checking your e-mail is reinforced with receiving important e-mails at unpredictable times according to which schedule of reinforcement?

When the veterinarian advised an owner to feed her dog in the morning instead of in the evening, it took several days for the dog to stop salivating late in the afternoon around its previous dinner time. This is an example of:

Awareness of the CS-US contingency appears to be _____ for a response to be acquired when the:

Not only did Little Albert learn to fear white rats, he also cried when presented with a Santa Claus mask or a seal-fur coat. This behavior was the result of:

The smell of a particular perfume scent causes Juan's heart to flutter because it is the same scent as his girlfriend's. The perfume is a(n):

A mental representation of the physical features of the environment is called a:

The BEST way for students to guard against incorrect judgments of learning is to base their decisions on:

A(n) _____ schedule is based on the number of responses needed to achieve reinforcement.

Little Albert was a:

When a child cries when her babysitter is around, the babysitter picks her up and talks to her. Because of the attention, the child becomes more likely to cry in the future. If the child cries when any adult is in the room, what process has occurred?

Frank flings a paper airplane through the air in history class. All of the students laugh. Their teacher, Mr. Curtis, becomes irate; his face turns beet red, and large veins bulge from his neck. "Frank!" Mr. Curtis screams, "You are in big trouble now!" Frank really doesn't care about the trouble. The combination of the attention from the students and the emotional reaction from Mr. Curtis was plenty to keep him misbehaving far into the future. Throwing the paper airplane, then, was:

Most people have little difficulty spotting grammatical errors but cannot articulate which rules of English grammar were violated. Knowing that a sentence is grammatically wrong but being unable to say why illustrates:

Research has demonstrated observational learning in:

_____ in an experiment were reinforced if they selected paintings by the Cubist artist, Picasso, over paintings by the French Impressionist, Monet. Subsequently, they demonstrated _____, and selected paintings from another Cubist artist, Matisse, over other paintings by Monet.

What was the UR in the Little Albert study?

Extinction of a CR involves:

In operant conditioning, presenting reinforcement upon the occurrence of a response only at fixed-time periods is called a _____ schedule.