Exam 7: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Carbon skeletons for amino acid biosynthesis are supplied by intermediates of the citric acid cycle. Which intermediate would supply the carbon skeleton for synthesis of a five-carbon amino acid (see Figure 7.1)?

Which catabolic processes may have been used by cells on ancient Earth before free oxygen became available?

The immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation is the

When electrons flow along the electron transport chains of mitochondria, which of the following changes occurs?

Inside an active mitochondrion, most electrons follow which pathway?

What is the purpose of beta oxidation in respiration?

In glycolysis, for each molecule of glucose oxidized to pyruvate

Which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally whether oxygen (O2) is present or absent?

During aerobic respiration, which of the following directly donates electrons to the electron transport chain at the lowest energy level?

Where is ATP synthase located in the mitochondrion?

In cellular respiration, the energy for most ATP synthesis is supplied by

A young dog has never had much energy. He is brought to a veterinarian for help and she decides to conduct several diagnostic tests. She discovers that the dog's mitochondria can use only fatty acids and amino acids for respiration, and his cells produce more lactate than normal. Of the following, which is the best explanation of the dog's condition?

Starting with one molecule of glucose, the energy-containing products of glycolysis are

What carbon sources can yeast cells metabolize to make ATP from ADP under anaerobic conditions?

In liver cells, the inner mitochondrial membranes are about five times the area of the outer mitochondrial membranes. What purpose must this serve?

During intense exercise, as skeletal muscle cells switch to fermentation, the human body will increase its catabolism of

The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain that functions in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation is

A mutation in yeast makes it unable to convert pyruvate to ethanol. How will this mutation affect these yeast cells?

In alcohol fermentation, NAD+ is regenerated from NADH by

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration?