Question 1

The epiglottis of a human covers the glottis when he or she is

Accepted Answer

A)  talking. 
B)  breathing. 
C)  swallowing. 
D)  yawning. 
E)  sleeping. 
A)  talking. 
B)  breathing. 
C)  swallowing. 
D)  yawning. 
E)  sleeping.

Question 2

An "internal reservoir" of oxygen in rested muscle is found in oxygen molecules bound to

Accepted Answer

A)  hemoglobin. 
B)  bicarbonate ions. 
C)  carbonic acid. 
D)  actin and myosin. 
E)  myoglobin. 
A)  hemoglobin. 
B)  bicarbonate ions. 
C)  carbonic acid. 
D)  actin and myosin. 
E)  myoglobin.

Question 3

Dissolved proteins in human plasma include which of the following? I. fibrinogen
II) hemoglobin
III) immunoglobulin

Accepted Answer

A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  I and III only 
D)  II and III only 
E)  I, II, and III 
A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  I and III only 
D)  II and III only 
E)  I, II, and III

Question 4

An oil-water mixture works as an insecticidal spray against mosquitoes and other insects because it

Accepted Answer

A)  coats their lungs. 
B)  blocks the openings into the tracheal system. 
C)  interferes with gas exchange across the capillaries. 
D)  clogs their bronchi. 
E)  prevents gases from leaving the atmosphere. 
A)  coats their lungs. 
B)  blocks the openings into the tracheal system. 
C)  interferes with gas exchange across the capillaries. 
D)  clogs their bronchi. 
E)  prevents gases from leaving the atmosphere.

Question 5

Some human infants, especially those born prematurely, suffer serious respiratory failure because of

Accepted Answer

A)  the sudden change from the uterine environment to the air. 
B)  the overproduction of surfactants. 
C)  the incomplete development of the lung surface. 
D)  lung collapse due to inadequate production of surfactant. 
E)  mutations in the genes involved in lung formation. 
A)  the sudden change from the uterine environment to the air. 
B)  the overproduction of surfactants. 
C)  the incomplete development of the lung surface. 
D)  lung collapse due to inadequate production of surfactant. 
E)  mutations in the genes involved in lung formation.

Question 6

At an atmospheric pressure of 870 mm Hg of 21% oxygen, the partial pressure of oxygen is

Accepted Answer

A)  100 mm Hg. 
B)  127 mm Hg. 
C)  151 mm Hg. 
D)  182 mm Hg. 
E)  219 mm Hg. 
A)  100 mm Hg. 
B)  127 mm Hg. 
C)  151 mm Hg. 
D)  182 mm Hg. 
E)  219 mm Hg.

Question 7

In mammals, most gas exchange between the atmosphere and the pulmonary blood occurs in the

Accepted Answer

A)  trachea. 
B)  larynx. 
C)  bronchi. 
D)  bronchioles. 
E)  alveoli. 
A)  trachea. 
B)  larynx. 
C)  bronchi. 
D)  bronchioles. 
E)  alveoli.

Question 8

Among the following choices, which organism likely has the highest systolic pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  mouse 
B)  rabbit 
C)  human 
D)  hippopotamus 
E)  giraffe 
A)  mouse 
B)  rabbit 
C)  human 
D)  hippopotamus 
E)  giraffe

Question 9

Breathing is usually regulated by

Accepted Answer

A)  erythropoietin levels in the blood. 
B)  the concentration of red blood cells. 
C)  hemoglobin levels in the blood. 
D)  CO2 and O2 concentration and pH-level sensors. 
E)  the lungs and the larynx. 
A)  erythropoietin levels in the blood. 
B)  the concentration of red blood cells. 
C)  hemoglobin levels in the blood. 
D)  CO2 and O2 concentration and pH-level sensors. 
E)  the lungs and the larynx.

Question 10

To adjust blood pressure independently in the capillaries of the gas-exchange surface and in the capillaries of the general body circulation, an organism would need a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  open circulatory system. 
B)  hemocoel. 
C)  lymphatic system. 
D)  two-chambered heart. 
E)  four-chambered heart. 
A)  open circulatory system. 
B)  hemocoel. 
C)  lymphatic system. 
D)  two-chambered heart. 
E)  four-chambered heart.

Question 11

Hemoglobin and hemocyanin

Accepted Answer

A)  are both found within blood cells. 
B)  are both red in color. 
C)  are both freely dissolved in the plasma. 
D)  both transport oxygen. 
E)  are both found in mammals. 
A)  are both found within blood cells. 
B)  are both red in color. 
C)  are both freely dissolved in the plasma. 
D)  both transport oxygen. 
E)  are both found in mammals.

Question 12

During most daily activities, the human respiration rate is most closely linked to the blood levels of

Accepted Answer

A)  nitric acid. 
B)  nitrogen. 
C)  oxygen. 
D)  carbon dioxide. 
E)  carbon monoxide. 
A)  nitric acid. 
B)  nitrogen. 
C)  oxygen. 
D)  carbon dioxide. 
E)  carbon monoxide.

Question 13

If, during protein starvation, the osmotic pressure on the venous side of capillary beds drops below the hydrostatic pressure, then

Accepted Answer

A)  hemoglobin will not release oxygen. 
B)  fluids will tend to accumulate in tissues. 
C)  the pH of the interstitial fluids will increase. 
D)  most carbon dioxide will be bound to hemoglobin and carried away from tissues. 
E)  plasma proteins will escape through the endothelium of the capillaries. 
A)  hemoglobin will not release oxygen. 
B)  fluids will tend to accumulate in tissues. 
C)  the pH of the interstitial fluids will increase. 
D)  most carbon dioxide will be bound to hemoglobin and carried away from tissues. 
E)  plasma proteins will escape through the endothelium of the capillaries.

Question 14

Countercurrent exchange in the fish gill helps to maximize

Accepted Answer

A)  endocytosis. 
B)  blood pressure. 
C)  diffusion. 
D)  active transport. 
E)  osmosis. 
A)  endocytosis. 
B)  blood pressure. 
C)  diffusion. 
D)  active transport. 
E)  osmosis.

Question 15

Organisms with a circulating body fluid that is distinct from the fluid that directly surrounds the body's cells are likely to have

Accepted Answer

A)  an open circulatory system. 
B)  a closed circulatory system. 
C)  a gastrovascular cavity. 
D)  branched tracheae. 
E)  hemolymph. 
A)  an open circulatory system. 
B)  a closed circulatory system. 
C)  a gastrovascular cavity. 
D)  branched tracheae. 
E)  hemolymph.

Question 16

A significant increase in the amount of interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary beds of a human's lungs will cause

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide moving from the blood to the lungs. 
B)  an increase in the amount of oxygen moving from the lungs into the blood. 
C)  a decrease in the amount of oxygen moving from the lungs into the blood. 
D)  an increase of pressure that would cause the capillary beds to burst. 
E)  a decrease in the amount of work needed for effective ventilation of the lungs. 
A)  an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide moving from the blood to the lungs. 
B)  an increase in the amount of oxygen moving from the lungs into the blood. 
C)  a decrease in the amount of oxygen moving from the lungs into the blood. 
D)  an increase of pressure that would cause the capillary beds to burst. 
E)  a decrease in the amount of work needed for effective ventilation of the lungs.

Question 17

A stroke volume in the heart of 70 mL/cycle, with a pulse of 72 cycles per minute, results in a cardiac output of

Accepted Answer

A)  5 L/minute. 
B)  504 mL/minute. 
C)  0.5 L/minute. 
D)  50 L/minute. 
E)  500 L/minute. 
A)  5 L/minute. 
B)  504 mL/minute. 
C)  0.5 L/minute. 
D)  50 L/minute. 
E)  500 L/minute.

Exam 34: Circulation and Gas Exchange

The epiglottis of a human covers the glottis when he or she is

An "internal reservoir" of oxygen in rested muscle is found in oxygen molecules bound to

Dissolved proteins in human plasma include which of the following? I. fibrinogen II) hemoglobin III) immunoglobulin

An oil-water mixture works as an insecticidal spray against mosquitoes and other insects because it

Some human infants, especially those born prematurely, suffer serious respiratory failure because of

At an atmospheric pressure of 870 mm Hg of 21% oxygen, the partial pressure of oxygen is

In mammals, most gas exchange between the atmosphere and the pulmonary blood occurs in the

Among the following choices, which organism likely has the highest systolic pressure?

Breathing is usually regulated by

To adjust blood pressure independently in the capillaries of the gas-exchange surface and in the capillaries of the general body circulation, an organism would need a(n)

Hemoglobin and hemocyanin

During most daily activities, the human respiration rate is most closely linked to the blood levels of

If, during protein starvation, the osmotic pressure on the venous side of capillary beds drops below the hydrostatic pressure, then

Countercurrent exchange in the fish gill helps to maximize

Organisms with a circulating body fluid that is distinct from the fluid that directly surrounds the body's cells are likely to have

A significant increase in the amount of interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary beds of a human's lungs will cause

A stroke volume in the heart of 70 mL/cycle, with a pulse of 72 cycles per minute, results in a cardiac output of

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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