Question 1

What is meant by the description "antiparallel" regarding the strands that make up DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  The twisting nature of DNA creates nonparallel strands. 
B)  The 5' to 3' direction of one strand runs counter to the 5' to 3' direction of the other strand. 
C)  Base pairings create unequal spacing between the two DNA strands. 
D)  One strand is positively charged and the other is negatively charged. 
E)  One strand contains only purines and the other contains only pyrimidines. 
A)  The twisting nature of DNA creates nonparallel strands. 
B)  The 5' to 3' direction of one strand runs counter to the 5' to 3' direction of the other strand. 
C)  Base pairings create unequal spacing between the two DNA strands. 
D)  One strand is positively charged and the other is negatively charged. 
E)  One strand contains only purines and the other contains only pyrimidines.

Question 2

The leading and the lagging strands differ in that

Accepted Answer

A)  the leading strand is synthesized in the same direction as the movement of the replication fork, and the lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction. 
B)  the leading strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing strand, and the lagging strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 5' end. 
C)  the lagging strand is synthesized continuously, whereas the leading strand is synthesized in short fragments that are ultimately stitched together. 
D)  the leading strand is synthesized at twice the rate of the lagging strand. 
A)  the leading strand is synthesized in the same direction as the movement of the replication fork, and the lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction. 
B)  the leading strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing strand, and the lagging strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 5' end. 
C)  the lagging strand is synthesized continuously, whereas the leading strand is synthesized in short fragments that are ultimately stitched together. 
D)  the leading strand is synthesized at twice the rate of the lagging strand.

Question 3

Use the list of choices below for the following questions:
I. helicase
II. DNA polymerase III
III. ligase
IV. DNA polymerase I
V. primase
-Which of the enzymes covalently connects segments of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV 
E)  V 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV 
E)  V

Question 4

Which of the following modifications is least likely to alter the rate at which a DNA fragment moves through a gel during electrophoresis?

Accepted Answer

A)  altering the nucleotide sequence of the DNA fragment without adding or removing nucleotides 
B)  acetylating the cytosine bases within the DNA fragment 
C)  increasing the length of the DNA fragment 
D)  decreasing the length of the DNA fragment 
E)  neutralizing the negative charges within the DNA fragment 
A)  altering the nucleotide sequence of the DNA fragment without adding or removing nucleotides 
B)  acetylating the cytosine bases within the DNA fragment 
C)  increasing the length of the DNA fragment 
D)  decreasing the length of the DNA fragment 
E)  neutralizing the negative charges within the DNA fragment

Question 5

Given the damage caused by UV radiation, the kind of gene affected in those with XP is one whose product is involved with

Accepted Answer

A)  mending of double-strand breaks in the DNA backbone. 
B)  breakage of cross-strand covalent bonds. 
C)  the ability to excise single-strand damage and replace it. 
D)  the removal of double-strand damaged areas. 
E)  causing affected skin cells to undergo apoptosis. 
A)  mending of double-strand breaks in the DNA backbone. 
B)  breakage of cross-strand covalent bonds. 
C)  the ability to excise single-strand damage and replace it. 
D)  the removal of double-strand damaged areas. 
E)  causing affected skin cells to undergo apoptosis.

Question 6

Use Figure 13.4 to answer the following question.
   Figure 13.4
-For a science fair project, two students decided to repeat the Hershey and Chase experiment, with modifications. They decided to label the nitrogen of the DNA, rather than the phosphate. They reasoned that each nucleotide has only one phosphate and two to five nitrogens. Thus, labeling the nitrogens would provide a stronger signal than labeling the phosphates. Why won't this experiment work?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is no radioactive isotope of nitrogen. 
B)  Radioactive nitrogen has a half-life of 100,000 years, and the material would be too dangerous for too long. 
C)  Avery et al. have already concluded that this experiment showed inconclusive results. 
D)  Although there are more nitrogens in a nucleotide, labeled phosphates actually have 16 extra neutrons; therefore, they are more radioactive. 
E)  Amino acids (and thus proteins) also have nitrogen atoms; thus, the radioactivity would not distinguish between DNA and proteins. 
A)  There is no radioactive isotope of nitrogen. 
B)  Radioactive nitrogen has a half-life of 100,000 years, and the material would be too dangerous for too long. 
C)  Avery et al. have already concluded that this experiment showed inconclusive results. 
D)  Although there are more nitrogens in a nucleotide, labeled phosphates actually have 16 extra neutrons; therefore, they are more radioactive. 
E)  Amino acids (and thus proteins) also have nitrogen atoms; thus, the radioactivity would not distinguish between DNA and proteins.

Question 7

In analyzing the number of different bases in a DNA sample, which result would be consistent with the base-pairing rules?

Accepted Answer

A)  A = G 
B)  A + G = C + T 
C)  A + T = G + T 
D)  A = C 
E)  G = T 
A)  A = G 
B)  A + G = C + T 
C)  A + T = G + T 
D)  A = C 
E)  G = T

Question 8

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
A eukaryotic gene has "sticky ends" produced by the restriction endonuclease EcoRI. The gene is added to a mixture containing EcoRI and a bacterial plasmid that carries two genes conferring resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline. The plasmid has one recognition site for EcoRI located in the tetracycline resistance gene. This mixture is incubated for several hours, exposed to DNA ligase, and then added to bacteria growing in nutrient broth. The bacteria are allowed to grow overnight and are streaked on a plate using a technique that produces isolated colonies that are clones of the original. Samples of these colonies are then grown in four different media: nutrient broth plus ampicillin, nutrient broth plus tetracycline, nutrient broth plus ampicillin and tetracycline, and nutrient broth without antibiotics.
-Bacteria that do not take up any plasmids would grow on which media?

Accepted Answer

A)  the nutrient broth only 
B)  the nutrient broth and the tetracycline broth 
C)  the nutrient broth and the ampicillin broth 
D)  the tetracycline broth and the ampicillin broth 
E)  all three broths 
A)  the nutrient broth only 
B)  the nutrient broth and the tetracycline broth 
C)  the nutrient broth and the ampicillin broth 
D)  the tetracycline broth and the ampicillin broth 
E)  all three broths

Question 9

Individuals with the disorder xeroderma pigmentosum are hypersensitive to sunlight. This occurs because their cells are impaired in what way?

Accepted Answer

A)  They cannot replicate DNA. 
B)  They cannot undergo mitosis. 
C)  They cannot exchange DNA with other cells. 
D)  They cannot repair thymine dimers. 
E)  They do not recombine homologous chromosomes during meiosis. 
A)  They cannot replicate DNA. 
B)  They cannot undergo mitosis. 
C)  They cannot exchange DNA with other cells. 
D)  They cannot repair thymine dimers. 
E)  They do not recombine homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

Question 10

Use the list of choices below for the following questions:
I. helicase
II. DNA polymerase III
III. ligase
IV. DNA polymerase I
V. primase
-Which of the enzymes separates the DNA strands during replication?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV 
E)  V 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV 
E)  V

Question 11

An Okazaki fragment has which of the following arrangements?

Accepted Answer

A)  primase, polymerase, ligase 
B)  3' RNA nucleotides, DNA nucleotides 5' 
C)  5' RNA nucleotides, DNA nucleotides 3' 
D)  DNA polymerase I, DNA polymerase III 
E)  5' DNA to 3' 
A)  primase, polymerase, ligase 
B)  3' RNA nucleotides, DNA nucleotides 5' 
C)  5' RNA nucleotides, DNA nucleotides 3' 
D)  DNA polymerase I, DNA polymerase III 
E)  5' DNA to 3'

Question 12

Which of the following investigators was (were) responsible for the following discovery? In DNA from any species, the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine.

Accepted Answer

A)  Frederick Griffith 
B)  Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase 
C)  Oswald Avery, Maclyn McCarty, and Colin MacLeod 
D)  Erwin Chargaff 
E)  Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl 
A)  Frederick Griffith 
B)  Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase 
C)  Oswald Avery, Maclyn McCarty, and Colin MacLeod 
D)  Erwin Chargaff 
E)  Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl

Question 13

E. coli cells grown on 15N medium are transferred to 14N medium and allowed to grow for two more generations (two rounds of DNA replication). DNA extracted from these cells is centrifuged. What density distribution of DNA would you expect in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  one high-density and one low-density band 
B)  one intermediate-density band 
C)  one high-density and one intermediate-density band 
D)  one low-density and one intermediate-density band 
E)  one low-density band 
A)  one high-density and one low-density band 
B)  one intermediate-density band 
C)  one high-density and one intermediate-density band 
D)  one low-density and one intermediate-density band 
E)  one low-density band

Question 14

Figure 13.1
-Once the pattern found after one round of replication was observed, Meselson and Stahl could be confident of which of the following conclusions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Replication is semi-conservative. 
B)  Replication is not dispersive. 
C)  Replication is not semi-conservative. 
D)  Replication is not conservative. 
E)  Replication is neither dispersive nor conservative. 
A)  Replication is semi-conservative. 
B)  Replication is not dispersive. 
C)  Replication is not semi-conservative. 
D)  Replication is not conservative. 
E)  Replication is neither dispersive nor conservative.

Question 15

Which of the following sets of materials is required by both eukaryotes and prokaryotes for replication?

Accepted Answer

A)  double-stranded DNA, four kinds of dNTPs, primers, origins of replication 
B)  topoisomerases, telomerases, polymerases 
C)  G-C rich regions, polymerases, chromosome nicks 
D)  nucleosome loosening, four dNTPs, four rNTPs 
E)  ligase, primers, nucleases 
A)  double-stranded DNA, four kinds of dNTPs, primers, origins of replication 
B)  topoisomerases, telomerases, polymerases 
C)  G-C rich regions, polymerases, chromosome nicks 
D)  nucleosome loosening, four dNTPs, four rNTPs 
E)  ligase, primers, nucleases

Question 16

Use Figure 13.4 to answer the following question.
   Figure 13.4
-The segment of DNA shown in Figure 13.4 has restriction sites I and II, which create restriction fragments A, B, and C. Which of the gels produced by electrophoresis shown below best represents the separation and identity of these fragments?

Accepted Answer

A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
E) 
  
A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
E)

Question 17

Figure 13.1
-A space probe returns with a culture of a microorganism found on a distant planet. Analysis shows that it is a carbon-based life-form that has DNA. You grow the cells in 15N medium for several generations and then transfer them to 14N medium. Which pattern in Figure 13.1 would you expect if the DNA was replicated in a conservative manner?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 18

In a nucleosome, the DNA is wrapped around

Accepted Answer

A)  polymerase molecules. 
B)  ribosomes. 
C)  histones. 
D)  a thymine dimer. 
E)  satellite DNA. 
A)  polymerase molecules. 
B)  ribosomes. 
C)  histones. 
D)  a thymine dimer. 
E)  satellite DNA.

Question 19

In trying to determine whether DNA or protein is the genetic material, Hershey and Chase made use of which of the following facts?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA contains sulfur, whereas protein does not. 
B)  DNA contains phosphorus, whereas protein does not. 
C)  DNA contains nitrogen, whereas protein does not. 
D)  DNA contains purines, whereas protein includes pyrimidines. 
E)  RNA includes ribose, whereas DNA includes deoxyribose sugars. 
A)  DNA contains sulfur, whereas protein does not. 
B)  DNA contains phosphorus, whereas protein does not. 
C)  DNA contains nitrogen, whereas protein does not. 
D)  DNA contains purines, whereas protein includes pyrimidines. 
E)  RNA includes ribose, whereas DNA includes deoxyribose sugars.

Question 20

A biochemist isolates, purifies, and combines in a test tube a variety of molecules needed for DNA replication. When she adds some DNA to the mixture, replication occurs, but each DNA molecule consists of a normal strand paired with numerous segments of DNA a few hundred nucleotides long. What has she probably left out of the mixture?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA polymerase 
B)  DNA ligase 
C)  nucleotides 
D)  Okazaki fragments 
E)  primase 
A)  DNA polymerase 
B)  DNA ligase 
C)  nucleotides 
D)  Okazaki fragments 
E)  primase

Exam 13: The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

What is meant by the description "antiparallel" regarding the strands that make up DNA?

The leading and the lagging strands differ in that

Use the list of choices below for the following questions: I. helicase II. DNA polymerase III III. ligase IV. DNA polymerase I V. primase -Which of the enzymes covalently connects segments of DNA?

Which of the following modifications is least likely to alter the rate at which a DNA fragment moves through a gel during electrophoresis?

Given the damage caused by UV radiation, the kind of gene affected in those with XP is one whose product is involved with

In analyzing the number of different bases in a DNA sample, which result would be consistent with the base-pairing rules?

Individuals with the disorder xeroderma pigmentosum are hypersensitive to sunlight. This occurs because their cells are impaired in what way?

Use the list of choices below for the following questions: I. helicase II. DNA polymerase III III. ligase IV. DNA polymerase I V. primase -Which of the enzymes separates the DNA strands during replication?

An Okazaki fragment has which of the following arrangements?

Which of the following investigators was (were) responsible for the following discovery? In DNA from any species, the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine.

E. coli cells grown on 15N medium are transferred to 14N medium and allowed to grow for two more generations (two rounds of DNA replication). DNA extracted from these cells is centrifuged. What density distribution of DNA would you expect in this experiment?

Figure 13.1 -Once the pattern found after one round of replication was observed, Meselson and Stahl could be confident of which of the following conclusions?

Which of the following sets of materials is required by both eukaryotes and prokaryotes for replication?

In a nucleosome, the DNA is wrapped around

In trying to determine whether DNA or protein is the genetic material, Hershey and Chase made use of which of the following facts?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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