Question 1

What is the basis for the difference in how the leading and lagging strands of DNA molecules are synthesized?

Accepted Answer

A)  The origins of replication occur only at the 5' end. 
B)  Helicases and single-strand binding proteins work at the 5' end. 
C)  DNA polymerase can join new nucleotides only to the 3' end of a growing strand. 
D)  DNA ligase works only in the 3' → 5' direction. 
E)  Polymerase can work on only one strand at a time. 
A)  The origins of replication occur only at the 5' end. 
B)  Helicases and single-strand binding proteins work at the 5' end. 
C)  DNA polymerase can join new nucleotides only to the 3' end of a growing strand. 
D)  DNA ligase works only in the 3' → 5' direction. 
E)  Polymerase can work on only one strand at a time.

Question 2

Figure 13.1
-In the late 1950s, Meselson and Stahl grew bacteria in a medium containing "heavy" nitrogen (15N) and then transferred them to a medium containing 14N. Which of the results in Figure 13.1 would be expected after one round of DNA replication in the presence of 14N?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 3

Replication in prokaryotes differs from replication in eukaryotes for which of the following reasons?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prokaryotic chromosomes have histones, whereas eukaryotic chromosomes do not. 
B)  Prokaryotic chromosomes have a single origin of replication, whereas eukaryotic chromosomes have many. 
C)  The rate of elongation during DNA replication is slower in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes. 
D)  Prokaryotes produce Okazaki fragments during DNA replication, but eukaryotes do not. 
E)  Prokaryotes have telomeres, and eukaryotes do not. 
A)  Prokaryotic chromosomes have histones, whereas eukaryotic chromosomes do not. 
B)  Prokaryotic chromosomes have a single origin of replication, whereas eukaryotic chromosomes have many. 
C)  The rate of elongation during DNA replication is slower in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes. 
D)  Prokaryotes produce Okazaki fragments during DNA replication, but eukaryotes do not. 
E)  Prokaryotes have telomeres, and eukaryotes do not.

Question 4

Which of the following help(s) to hold the DNA strands apart while they are being replicated?

Accepted Answer

A)  primase 
B)  ligase 
C)  DNA polymerase 
D)  single-strand binding proteins 
E)  exonuclease 
A)  primase 
B)  ligase 
C)  DNA polymerase 
D)  single-strand binding proteins 
E)  exonuclease

Question 5

Why is it so important to be able to amplify DNA fragments when studying genes?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA fragments are too small to use individually. 
B)  A gene may represent only a millionth of the cell's DNA. 
C)  Restriction enzymes cut DNA into fragments that are too small. 
D)  A clone requires multiple copies of each gene per clone. 
E)  It is important to have multiple copies of DNA in the case of laboratory error. 
A)  DNA fragments are too small to use individually. 
B)  A gene may represent only a millionth of the cell's DNA. 
C)  Restriction enzymes cut DNA into fragments that are too small. 
D)  A clone requires multiple copies of each gene per clone. 
E)  It is important to have multiple copies of DNA in the case of laboratory error.

Question 6

A new DNA strand elongates only in the 5' to 3' direction because

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA polymerase begins adding nucleotides at the 5' end of the template. 
B)  Okazaki fragments prevent elongation in the 3' to 5' direction. 
C)  the polarity of the DNA molecule prevents addition of nucleotides at the 3' end. 
D)  replication must progress toward the replication fork. 
E)  DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the free 3' end. 
A)  DNA polymerase begins adding nucleotides at the 5' end of the template. 
B)  Okazaki fragments prevent elongation in the 3' to 5' direction. 
C)  the polarity of the DNA molecule prevents addition of nucleotides at the 3' end. 
D)  replication must progress toward the replication fork. 
E)  DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the free 3' end.

Question 7

The elongation of the leading strand during DNA synthesis

Accepted Answer

A)  progresses away from the replication fork. 
B)  occurs in the 3' → 5' direction. 
C)  produces Okazaki fragments. 
D)  depends on the action of DNA polymerase. 
E)  does not require a template strand. 
A)  progresses away from the replication fork. 
B)  occurs in the 3' → 5' direction. 
C)  produces Okazaki fragments. 
D)  depends on the action of DNA polymerase. 
E)  does not require a template strand.

Question 8

Use the list of choices below for the following questions:
I. helicase
II. DNA polymerase III
III. ligase
IV. DNA polymerase I
V. primase
-Which of the enzymes synthesizes short segments of RNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV 
E)  V 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV 
E)  V

Exam 13: The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

What is the basis for the difference in how the leading and lagging strands of DNA molecules are synthesized?

Figure 13.1 -In the late 1950s, Meselson and Stahl grew bacteria in a medium containing "heavy" nitrogen (15N) and then transferred them to a medium containing 14N. Which of the results in Figure 13.1 would be expected after one round of DNA replication in the presence of 14N?

Replication in prokaryotes differs from replication in eukaryotes for which of the following reasons?

Which of the following help(s) to hold the DNA strands apart while they are being replicated?

Why is it so important to be able to amplify DNA fragments when studying genes?

A new DNA strand elongates only in the 5' to 3' direction because

The elongation of the leading strand during DNA synthesis

Use the list of choices below for the following questions: I. helicase II. DNA polymerase III III. ligase IV. DNA polymerase I V. primase -Which of the enzymes synthesizes short segments of RNA?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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