Question 1

Define covariation and then list three examples of covariation that occur in your own life.

Accepted Answer

Covariation occurs when changes in one variable are associated with changes in another variable.Covariation helps experimenters determine causality.Examples of covariation in one's own life may include: exercise and weight (in that generally,the more one exercises,the less he/she weights);studying and academic performance (the more one studies the better his/her academic performance);height and weight (the taller one is,the more he/she is likely to weight).

Question 2

Although Armand has not conducted any formal studies on the matter,he has noticed a positive correlation between the number of treats he gives his dog and the number of tricks his dog will do.Design a two-group experimental study examining the cause-and-effect relationship between treats and tricks.

Accepted Answer

A possible two-group experimental design may involve randomly assigning participants to teach their dogs tricks using a different number of treats (independent variable).In the control condition,people are asked to teach their dog tricks using only one treat per trick,whereas in the experimental condition people are asked to teach their dog tricks using five treats per trick.The experimenter can then measure and compare the number of tricks learned by the dogs in each condition (dependent variable).

Question 3

You are interested in conducting a research study to investigate whether the smell of cookies makes people happy.In your experimental condition,you have people complete a mood assessment with the smell of freshly baked cookies in the air.Design a control condition for this experiment.

Accepted Answer

A control condition should mimic the experimental condition in all ways except for the experimental variable (the smell of cookies).A suitable control would have participants complete a mood assessment in a room with no noticeable aromas or smells.

Question 4

Give an example of an experimental hypothesis that a researcher would want to examine using a matched-pair design.

Accepted Answer

Answers may vary,but should demonstrate

Question 5

When would it be appropriate for a researcher to use an experimental design as opposed to a nonexperimental design?

Accepted Answer

Experimental research designs are approp

Question 6

As a pop-culture expert you have noticed that when celebrities wear the color black on the red carpet they receive more positive feedback than when they wear other colors.As a researcher,you decide to design an experimental study to test this observation.What would be your null hypothesis and your experimental hypothesis for the experimental study you design?

Accepted Answer

A null hypothesis is the prediction that

Question 7

What is a convenience sample? List some advantages and disadvantages of using this type of sample for an experimental study.

Accepted Answer

A convenience sample is made up of parti

Question 8

What is a confederate,and how might an experimenter use a confederate to help administer a study on conformity to inexplicable fashion trends,like the rise in popularity of leggings among college-aged females?

Accepted Answer

A confederate is an individual who works

Question 9

Professor Robinson found that students who sit in the front row of his class receive better grades than students who sit in the back row of his class.Before he jumps to the conclusion that students in the front are smarter than those who sit in the back,he remembers that correlation does not equal causation.What are some extraneous variables that may explain the observed relationship between where a student sits and his/her class performance?

Accepted Answer

Answers should demonstrate that extraneo

Question 10

How would you create a manipulation check for an experiment testing whether wearing an activity tracker increases participants' persistence with a 90-day training program?

Accepted Answer

A manipulation check is a method for det

Question 11

How would you operationalize the variables in an experiment examining the impact of sleep deprivation on sense of humor?

Accepted Answer

An operational definition provides a spe

Question 12

How can a researcher increase the internal validity of an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A researcher can increase internal valid

Question 13

What are acceptable ways to randomly assign participants to the control and experimental conditions?

Accepted Answer

Random assignment must ensure nonbiased

Question 14

Katherine is interested in designing an experiment to examine whether people who use online dating websites are more likely to find satisfying relationships than individuals who do not use such websites.To do so,she designs a study where people in the experimental condition are those who have used online dating websites to find their current romantic partner.Participants in the control condition are individuals who met their partners in person.She measures and compares their current level of relationship satisfaction to reveal that participants who met online are more satisfied than those who met face-to-face.Imagine that you are a journal editor who received her manuscript claiming that online dating causes more satisfying relationship.What is the fatal flaw in her experimental design that would lead you to reject this paper for publication?

Accepted Answer

The current study does not randomly assi

Exam 8: D: Two-Group Design: Texting: I Cant Get You Out of My Mind

Define covariation and then list three examples of covariation that occur in your own life.

You are interested in conducting a research study to investigate whether the smell of cookies makes people happy.In your experimental condition,you have people complete a mood assessment with the smell of freshly baked cookies in the air.Design a control condition for this experiment.

Give an example of an experimental hypothesis that a researcher would want to examine using a matched-pair design.

When would it be appropriate for a researcher to use an experimental design as opposed to a nonexperimental design?

What is a convenience sample? List some advantages and disadvantages of using this type of sample for an experimental study.

What is a confederate,and how might an experimenter use a confederate to help administer a study on conformity to inexplicable fashion trends,like the rise in popularity of leggings among college-aged females?

How would you create a manipulation check for an experiment testing whether wearing an activity tracker increases participants' persistence with a 90-day training program?

How would you operationalize the variables in an experiment examining the impact of sleep deprivation on sense of humor?

How can a researcher increase the internal validity of an experiment?

What are acceptable ways to randomly assign participants to the control and experimental conditions?

A: Psychology As Science: Thinking Like a Researcher

B: Psychology As Science: Thinking Like a Researcher

C: Psychology As Science: Thinking Like a Researcher

D: Psychology As Science: Thinking Like a Researcher

Psychology As Science: Part 1

Psychology As Science: Part 2

A: The Research Process: Ideas to Innovations

B: The Research Process: Ideas to Innovations

C: The Research Process: Ideas to Innovations

D: The Research Process: Ideas to Innovations

The Research Process: Part 1

The Research Process: Part 2

A: Ethics: Making Ethical Decisions in Research

B: Ethics: Making Ethical Decisions in Research

C: Ethics: Making Ethical Decisions in Research

D: Ethics: Making Ethical Decisions in Research

Ethics: Part 1

Ethics: Part 2

A: The Psychologists Toolbox: Tools for Building Better Designs

B: The Psychologists Toolbox: Tools for Building Better Designs

C: The Psychologists Toolbox: Tools for Building Better Designs

D: The Psychologists Toolbox: Tools for Building Better Designs

The Psychologists: Part 1

The Psychologists: Part 2

A: Qualitative Research: Getting Into the Mind of a Serial Killer

B: Qualitative Research: Getting Into the Mind of a Serial Killer

C: Qualitative Research: Getting Into the Mind of a Serial Killer

D: Qualitative Research: Getting Into the Mind of a Serial Killer

Qualitative Research: Part 1

Qualitative Research: Part 2

A: Observational Research: The Many Forms of Discipline in Parents Bag of Tricks

B: Observational Research: The Many Forms of Discipline in Parents Bag of Tricks

C: Observational Research: The Many Forms of Discipline in Parents Bag of Tricks

D: Observational Research: The Many Forms of Discipline in Parents Bag of Tricks

Observational Research: Part 1

Observational Research: Part 2

A: Survey Design and Scale Construction: Is Going Greek a Great Idea

B: Survey Design and Scale Construction: Is Going Greek a Great Idea

C: Survey Design and Scale Construction: Is Going Greek a Great Idea

D: Survey Design and Scale Construction: Is Going Greek a Great Idea

Survey Design and Scale Construction: Part 1

Survey Design and Scale Construction: Part 2

A: Two-Group Design: Texting: I Cant Get You Out of My Mind

B: Two-Group Design: Texting: I Cant Get You Out of My Mind

C: Two-Group Design: Texting: I Cant Get You Out of My Mind

Two-Group Design: Part 1

Two-Group Design: Part 2

A: Multi-Group Design: Im Feeling Hot, but Is the Earth Hot, Too

B: Multi-Group Design: Im Feeling Hot, but Is the Earth Hot, Too

C: Multi-Group Design: Im Feeling Hot, but Is the Earth Hot, Too

D: Multi-Group Design: Im Feeling Hot, but Is the Earth Hot, Too

Multi-Group Design: Part 1

Multi-Group Design: Part 2

A: Within-Subjects Designs: Can Watching Reality Tv Shows Be Good for Us

B: Within-Subjects Designs: Can Watching Reality Tv Shows Be Good for Us

C: Within-Subjects Designs: Can Watching Reality Tv Shows Be Good for Us

D: Within-Subjects Designs: Can Watching Reality Tv Shows Be Good for Us

Within-Subjects Designs: Part 1

Within-Subjects Designs: Part 2

A: Factorial Design: I Lost My Phone Number, Can I Borrow Yours Do Pickup Lines Really Work

B: Factorial Design: I Lost My Phone Number, Can I Borrow Yours Do Pickup Lines Really Work

C: Factorial Design: I Lost My Phone Number, Can I Borrow Yours Do Pickup Lines Really Work

D: Factorial Design: I Lost My Phone Number, Can I Borrow Yours Do Pickup Lines Really Work

Factorial Design: Part 1

Factorial Design: Part 2

A: Mixed Design: Which Therapy Is Best for Treating Eating Disorders

B: Mixed Design: Which Therapy Is Best for Treating Eating Disorders

C: Mixed Design: Which Therapy Is Best for Treating Eating Disorders

D: Mixed Design: Which Therapy Is Best for Treating Eating Disorders