Exam 2: A: The Research Process: Ideas to Innovations

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A between-subjects research design uses a data collection method in which each participant is only assessed on the dependent variable once.In this type of study,Professor McAdams would compare the results across participants,where some individuals would be assigned to play video games (experimental condition)and others not (control condition).This study design would reveal whether playing video games leads to a difference in violent behavior between the two groups of participants.A within-subjects design is a data collection method in which each participant is assessed on the dependent variable more than once.In this type of study,Professor McAdams would assess his participants at the start of the study to get their degree of aggressive behavior.Then have all participants play video games.At the end of the study period he would assess participants again to ascertain their level of aggressive behavior.This study design would reveal whether playing video games leads to a change in the aggressive behavior demonstrated in participants,controlling for their own baseline (or starting level of)aggression.

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Informed consent is a part of the standard ethical procedure that takes place at the beginning of a research study.It is designed to inform the participant about what the study requires of them,as well as tell them about the risks and benefits of participation.The informed consent ensures that participants are making the choice to take part in the study freely and without manipulation or coercion.The debriefing generally takes place at the end of a research study.It is designed to explain the purpose of the study and disclose any deception used by the researcher.This is also the time for participants to ask questions about the hypothesis or procedure.The informed consent and debriefing are similar in that they are required components of a study aimed at ensuring adherence to ethical guidelines and standards.The two differ in the specific purpose and timing of delivery.

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Researchers can share their findings in a number of ways,including at research conferences through research posters and paper presentations.A research poster is a visual research presentation.Posters summarize a study's methodology and findings in a concise manner that allows the researcher to informally discuss his/her work with others.A paper presentation is a more formal,oral presentation that takes place at a conference.Generally it includes a PowerPoint presentation and allows the researcher to speak to a group of people about the study's key features and results.Questions are often posed in a group format following the presentation.Researchers also publish their findings in peer-reviewed journals.This format presents work that has been evaluated by experts within the field and has been determined to make a valid contribution to the area of study.It is worth noting that many research reports do not make it to the peer-reviewed publication stage,as the level of rigor required of the study,data analysis,and write-up of conclusions is kept high.Although less frequent,research psychologists can also write books,contribute chapters to edited books,and communicate their findings in more mainstream vehicles,like magazines,newspapers,and websites.