Chat with AIExam 1: D: Psychology As Science: Thinking Like a Researcher
Explain why good researchers should be open-minded.
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VerifiedOpen-mindedness is described as a willingness to pursue a deeper understanding about the nature of the world,regardless of whether that topic or idea is unpopular or controversial.Scientists cannot be afraid to investigate unpopular or taboo topics.If they fail to examine a topic just because it is uncomfortable,then people would lack a thorough understanding of the human condition.Psychology is the scientific study of how people think,feel,and behave.To fully investigate all aspects of how people think,feel,and behave,researchers must be willing to explore questions that may not have "pretty" or "acceptable" answers.Only through acquiring this knowledge can we hope to improve our understanding and existence.
How is introspection different from empirical research?
(37) VerifiedIntrospection is reflecting on one's own thoughts and experiences to find relevant evidence.Introspection can be a fruitful starting point for identifying research topics.However,it has a number of flaws and biases,including the fact that it can be difficult to generalize from one's own experiences.Further,thinking about one's own thinking can lead to confusion and the pleasure paradox (when introspection on a positive experience results in it becoming less enjoyable).Finally,introspection can lead to the "what you see is all there is" phenomenon in which people fail the see the limitations of their own experiences,which leads them to underestimate alternative outcomes.Empirical research,on the other hand,is based on the systematic observation and/or measurement of phenomena that leads to objective,scientific conclusions.Empirical research may often lead to conclusions that contradict personal experience.This data driven approach is the cornerstone of science.
Give an example of basic research and discuss how it is different from applied research.
(33) VerifiedBasic research is dedicated to expanding the existing knowledge on a topic,whereas applied research is dedicated to solving a problem and helping people by improving their quality of life.An example of basic research may be an investigator's attempt to further the collective of knowledge on a topic like reactance.In such a case,a psychologist may be trying to understand the circumstances under which people show the greatest tendency to respond to restrictive rules and regulations with the motivational tendency to act out (or do the opposite of what has been mandated).Applied research may examine reactance with the goal of facilitating better parenting strategies that ultimately lead to happier,healthier adolescents.
Individuals who study research methods gain a number of important career skills.Please use your understanding of these skills to argue for which one you think is the most valuable.
(37) Dr.Turpin is a social psychologist who teaches classes on the psychology of relationships.As part of a class discussion,he states that nearly half of all marriages end in divorce.He then asks his students whether they think that they will someday get divorced.Knowing what you do about the better-than-average effect,roughly what percentage of students do you expect will say that they will get divorced?
(42) Margot recently saw an infomercial for a cleaning product that promises to remove all set-in stains from garments.Discuss how an understanding of psychological research provides Margot with the skills necessary to defend against potentially overzealous claims and make her a more critical consumer.
(36) Use your knowledge of the focusing effect to explain why people are often surprised to hear that winning the lottery can ruin people's lives.
(35) Ashlyn was asked by her research advisor to conduct a literature review of personality psychology articles that speak to their hypothesis that having siblings is associated with higher levels of conscientiousness.Knowing what you do about the confirmation bias,what types of articles is Ashlyn likely to bring to her advisor?
(35) Carl refuses to believe that he is a bad driver even after experiencing a number of accidents and receiving several speeding tickets.Explain how his perception of his own driving abilities is the result of belief perseverance.
(33) What is the hindsight bias and when has it occurred in your own life?
(33) Joaquin refuses to go into the ocean during his family's summer vacation because he has seen a number of recent news stories about shark attacks along the eastern seaboard.Use your understanding of the availability heuristic to explain Joaquin's fear of sharks.
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