Question 1

What is the utilitarian perspective?

Accepted Answer

A)  the belief that ethical decisions should be based on doing the least amount of good for people 
B)  the believe that ethical decisions should be based on acting in accordance with one's own self-interest 
C)  the belief that ethical decisions should be based on helping without personal benefit 
D)  the belief that ethical decisions should be based on doing the greatest good for the greatest number of people 
A)  the belief that ethical decisions should be based on doing the least amount of good for people 
B)  the believe that ethical decisions should be based on acting in accordance with one's own self-interest 
C)  the belief that ethical decisions should be based on helping without personal benefit 
D)  the belief that ethical decisions should be based on doing the greatest good for the greatest number of people D

Question 2

Researchers must complete an IRB proposal:

Accepted Answer

A)  every year to maintain their current ethical credentials. 
B)  every month to maintain their current ethical credentials. 
C)  for every research study they wish to conduct. 
D)  once at each research institution at which they work. 
A)  every year to maintain their current ethical credentials. 
B)  every month to maintain their current ethical credentials. 
C)  for every research study they wish to conduct. 
D)  once at each research institution at which they work. C

Question 3

To pass Professor Smith's class,his students must participate in his psychological study.If he makes no other options available to his students,then his actions are a violation of:

Accepted Answer

A)  justice. 
B)  beneficence. 
C)  respect for persons. 
D)  equality. 
A)  justice. 
B)  beneficence. 
C)  respect for persons. 
D)  equality. C

Question 4

If a research question requires the researcher to induce stress in participants:

Accepted Answer

A)  the research cannot be conducted. 
B)  at the end of the study,the researcher must return participants to same or better physical and psychological state. 
C)  researchers must ensure the presence of residual stress after the research study. 
D)  it is fine as long as the researcher believes the benefits outweigh the costs. 
A)  the research cannot be conducted. 
B)  at the end of the study,the researcher must return participants to same or better physical and psychological state. 
C)  researchers must ensure the presence of residual stress after the research study. 
D)  it is fine as long as the researcher believes the benefits outweigh the costs.

Question 5

How do scientists maintain a high level of scientific integrity?

Accepted Answer

A)  by relying on their intuition to determine what is ethical 
B)  by maintaining an open and honest approach to science and adhering to ethical principles 
C)  by uphold ethical principles only when they are convenient 
D)  by researching topics that are politically popular 
A)  by relying on their intuition to determine what is ethical 
B)  by maintaining an open and honest approach to science and adhering to ethical principles 
C)  by uphold ethical principles only when they are convenient 
D)  by researching topics that are politically popular

Question 6

Walter creates a graph for his research manuscript that makes his findings look more significant than they actually are.Barney,on the other hand,discusses his marginally significant finding as if it were significant.What do Walter and Barney have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both have behaved ethically. 
B)  Both have misrepresented their results. 
C)  Both have plagiarized. 
D)  Both have violated the principle of ethical justice. 
A)  Both have behaved ethically. 
B)  Both have misrepresented their results. 
C)  Both have plagiarized. 
D)  Both have violated the principle of ethical justice.

Question 7

As part of her health psychology study,Gizela would like to require her research participants to engage in maximal exercise.Because of this,her IRB study protocol will most likely be reviewed by:

Accepted Answer

A)  only the chair of the IRB. 
B)  the IRB committee,which is composed of at least five members. 
C)  a qualified member of the IRB committee selected by the IRB chair. 
D)  the President of the university. 
A)  only the chair of the IRB. 
B)  the IRB committee,which is composed of at least five members. 
C)  a qualified member of the IRB committee selected by the IRB chair. 
D)  the President of the university.

Question 8

Imagine that you are a participant in a research study.Which of the following would you have the right to expect?

Accepted Answer

A)  confidentiality 
B)  compensation 
C)  anonymity 
D)  deception 
A)  confidentiality 
B)  compensation 
C)  anonymity 
D)  deception

Question 9

Each of the following is a benefit that counts toward the cost-benefit analysis,EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  participants gain knowledge about the research process. 
B)  participants may receive compensation for their time and effort. 
C)  results of the study may benefit society and/or the field of psychology. 
D)  the researcher may obtain personal gain from publishing the work. 
A)  participants gain knowledge about the research process. 
B)  participants may receive compensation for their time and effort. 
C)  results of the study may benefit society and/or the field of psychology. 
D)  the researcher may obtain personal gain from publishing the work.

Question 10

Anonymity is:

Accepted Answer

A)  when the responses and behaviors of participants become public knowledge. 
B)  when researcher use coding to separate participant names from data. 
C)  a guarantee that individual responses cannot be linked to individual participants. 
D)  the physical toll that study participation takes on the participants. 
A)  when the responses and behaviors of participants become public knowledge. 
B)  when researcher use coding to separate participant names from data. 
C)  a guarantee that individual responses cannot be linked to individual participants. 
D)  the physical toll that study participation takes on the participants.

Question 11

During the Tuskegee Syphilis Study,researchers never told the participants they had syphilis,nor did they treat any participants for their illness.In this example,the researchers ignored the cost of:

Accepted Answer

A)  physical harm. 
B)  anonymity. 
C)  beneficence. 
D)  integrity. 
A)  physical harm. 
B)  anonymity. 
C)  beneficence. 
D)  integrity.

Question 12

When would participants receive the contact information to free counseling services provided by the research institution?

Accepted Answer

A)  during participant recruitment 
B)  in the debriefing 
C)  when the study was published or presented 
D)  immediately after being randomly assigned to a condition 
A)  during participant recruitment 
B)  in the debriefing 
C)  when the study was published or presented 
D)  immediately after being randomly assigned to a condition

Question 13

The fact that researchers must be mindful of ethical considerations throughout the entire research process demonstrates the APA guideline of:

Accepted Answer

A)  respect. 
B)  justice. 
C)  integrity. 
D)  fidelity. 
A)  respect. 
B)  justice. 
C)  integrity. 
D)  fidelity.

Question 14

Ethics are:

Accepted Answer

A)  what a person should do. 
B)  what a person should not do. 
C)  the application of moral principles to help guide one's decisions and behavior. 
D)  abstract philosophical doctrines governing behavioral practices. 
A)  what a person should do. 
B)  what a person should not do. 
C)  the application of moral principles to help guide one's decisions and behavior. 
D)  abstract philosophical doctrines governing behavioral practices.

Question 15

Which of the following is a cost of NOT conducting research?

Accepted Answer

A)  failing to find important information that will improve the human condition 
B)  loss of confidentiality of participants 
C)  psychological harm of the research 
D)  egoism 
A)  failing to find important information that will improve the human condition 
B)  loss of confidentiality of participants 
C)  psychological harm of the research 
D)  egoism

Question 16

How might a research participant behave unethically?

Accepted Answer

A)  by not disclosing the true purpose of the study 
B)  by failing to understand the research hypothesis 
C)  by not providing honest and truthful responses 
D)  by not showing up on time for the study 
A)  by not disclosing the true purpose of the study 
B)  by failing to understand the research hypothesis 
C)  by not providing honest and truthful responses 
D)  by not showing up on time for the study

Question 17

Autonomy means:

Accepted Answer

A)  research must improve the well-being of others as much as possible. 
B)  promising that the identity of research participants will not be made public. 
C)  using other people's work without acknowledging that it is their work. 
D)  participants must freely make an informed decision about their participation in research. 
A)  research must improve the well-being of others as much as possible. 
B)  promising that the identity of research participants will not be made public. 
C)  using other people's work without acknowledging that it is their work. 
D)  participants must freely make an informed decision about their participation in research.

Question 18

Justice pertains to:

Accepted Answer

A)  how researchers maintain confidentiality. 
B)  not coercing participation in the study. 
C)  fairness in who is used as study participants. 
D)  maximizing beneficial outcomes of research studies. 
A)  how researchers maintain confidentiality. 
B)  not coercing participation in the study. 
C)  fairness in who is used as study participants. 
D)  maximizing beneficial outcomes of research studies.

Question 19

Imagine that you are designing a study to investigate a sensitive topic.Which of the following study designs would cause the most unnecessary harm?

Accepted Answer

A)  randomly assigning half of the participants to personally encounter the sensitive phenomenon 
B)  studying the phenomenon in its natural habitat without interfering 
C)  having participants read secondhand accounts of the phenomenon rather than experiencing it themselves 
D)  having participants write about a past experience with the phenomenon rather than subjecting them re-experience it for the study 
A)  randomly assigning half of the participants to personally encounter the sensitive phenomenon 
B)  studying the phenomenon in its natural habitat without interfering 
C)  having participants read secondhand accounts of the phenomenon rather than experiencing it themselves 
D)  having participants write about a past experience with the phenomenon rather than subjecting them re-experience it for the study

Question 20

An ethical research study should maximize _____ and minimize _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  costs;risks 
B)  risks;benefits 
C)  benefits;risks 
D)  nonmaleficence;benefits 
A)  costs;risks 
B)  risks;benefits 
C)  benefits;risks 
D)  nonmaleficence;benefits

Exam 3: B: Ethics: Making Ethical Decisions in Research

What is the utilitarian perspective?

Researchers must complete an IRB proposal:

To pass Professor Smith's class,his students must participate in his psychological study.If he makes no other options available to his students,then his actions are a violation of:

If a research question requires the researcher to induce stress in participants:

How do scientists maintain a high level of scientific integrity?

Walter creates a graph for his research manuscript that makes his findings look more significant than they actually are.Barney,on the other hand,discusses his marginally significant finding as if it were significant.What do Walter and Barney have in common?

As part of her health psychology study,Gizela would like to require her research participants to engage in maximal exercise.Because of this,her IRB study protocol will most likely be reviewed by:

Imagine that you are a participant in a research study.Which of the following would you have the right to expect?

Each of the following is a benefit that counts toward the cost-benefit analysis,EXCEPT:

Anonymity is:

During the Tuskegee Syphilis Study,researchers never told the participants they had syphilis,nor did they treat any participants for their illness.In this example,the researchers ignored the cost of:

When would participants receive the contact information to free counseling services provided by the research institution?

The fact that researchers must be mindful of ethical considerations throughout the entire research process demonstrates the APA guideline of:

Ethics are:

Which of the following is a cost of NOT conducting research?

How might a research participant behave unethically?

Autonomy means:

Justice pertains to:

Imagine that you are designing a study to investigate a sensitive topic.Which of the following study designs would cause the most unnecessary harm?

An ethical research study should maximize _____ and minimize _____.

A: Psychology As Science: Thinking Like a Researcher

B: Psychology As Science: Thinking Like a Researcher

C: Psychology As Science: Thinking Like a Researcher

D: Psychology As Science: Thinking Like a Researcher

Psychology As Science: Part 1

Psychology As Science: Part 2

A: The Research Process: Ideas to Innovations

B: The Research Process: Ideas to Innovations

C: The Research Process: Ideas to Innovations

D: The Research Process: Ideas to Innovations

The Research Process: Part 1

The Research Process: Part 2

A: Ethics: Making Ethical Decisions in Research

C: Ethics: Making Ethical Decisions in Research

D: Ethics: Making Ethical Decisions in Research

Ethics: Part 1

Ethics: Part 2

A: The Psychologists Toolbox: Tools for Building Better Designs

B: The Psychologists Toolbox: Tools for Building Better Designs

C: The Psychologists Toolbox: Tools for Building Better Designs

D: The Psychologists Toolbox: Tools for Building Better Designs

The Psychologists: Part 1

The Psychologists: Part 2

A: Qualitative Research: Getting Into the Mind of a Serial Killer

B: Qualitative Research: Getting Into the Mind of a Serial Killer

C: Qualitative Research: Getting Into the Mind of a Serial Killer

D: Qualitative Research: Getting Into the Mind of a Serial Killer

Qualitative Research: Part 1

Qualitative Research: Part 2

A: Observational Research: The Many Forms of Discipline in Parents Bag of Tricks

B: Observational Research: The Many Forms of Discipline in Parents Bag of Tricks

C: Observational Research: The Many Forms of Discipline in Parents Bag of Tricks

D: Observational Research: The Many Forms of Discipline in Parents Bag of Tricks

Observational Research: Part 1

Observational Research: Part 2

A: Survey Design and Scale Construction: Is Going Greek a Great Idea

B: Survey Design and Scale Construction: Is Going Greek a Great Idea

C: Survey Design and Scale Construction: Is Going Greek a Great Idea

D: Survey Design and Scale Construction: Is Going Greek a Great Idea

Survey Design and Scale Construction: Part 1

Survey Design and Scale Construction: Part 2

A: Two-Group Design: Texting: I Cant Get You Out of My Mind

B: Two-Group Design: Texting: I Cant Get You Out of My Mind

C: Two-Group Design: Texting: I Cant Get You Out of My Mind

D: Two-Group Design: Texting: I Cant Get You Out of My Mind

Two-Group Design: Part 1

Two-Group Design: Part 2

A: Multi-Group Design: Im Feeling Hot, but Is the Earth Hot, Too

B: Multi-Group Design: Im Feeling Hot, but Is the Earth Hot, Too

C: Multi-Group Design: Im Feeling Hot, but Is the Earth Hot, Too

D: Multi-Group Design: Im Feeling Hot, but Is the Earth Hot, Too

Multi-Group Design: Part 1

Multi-Group Design: Part 2

A: Within-Subjects Designs: Can Watching Reality Tv Shows Be Good for Us

B: Within-Subjects Designs: Can Watching Reality Tv Shows Be Good for Us

C: Within-Subjects Designs: Can Watching Reality Tv Shows Be Good for Us

D: Within-Subjects Designs: Can Watching Reality Tv Shows Be Good for Us

Within-Subjects Designs: Part 1

Within-Subjects Designs: Part 2

An ethical research study should maximize _ and minimize _.