Exam 7: C: Survey Design and Scale Construction: Is Going Greek a Great Idea

Use the following to answer questions Scenario I Scenario I is based on fabricated data inspired by the following study: Coriddi,M. ,Angelos,T. ,Nadeau,M. ,Bennett,M.& Taylor,A.(2013).Analysis of satisfaction and well-being in the short follow-up from breast augmentation using the BREAST-Q,a validated survey instrument.Aesthetic Surgery Journal,33 (2),245-251. Breast Augmentation Satisfaction The authors of this study used the BREAST-Q survey to assess satisfaction following breast augmentation surgery.They administered the survey to 155 patients before and after they underwent breast augmentation surgery and found a significant increase in psychosocial well-being and sexual well-being.A significant positive relationship was also found between overall satisfaction and breast appearance (r = .80).Interestingly,there was a significant decrease in physical well-being following surgery.The results of the study suggest that breast augmentation has a positive effect on women. -(Scenario I)What is the best reason for why the authors probably selected the BREAST-Q to measure satisfaction associated with breast augmentation surgery?

Use the following to answer questions Scenario III Scenario III is based on fabricated data inspired by the following study: U.S.Department of Labor,Bureau of Labor and Statistics (2014).American Time Use Survey Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/tus/ American Time Use The American Time Use Survey (ATUS)is a telephone survey developed by the Bureau of Labor and Statistics (BLS)to examine how U.S.citizens spend their time in a variety of domains,such as leisure activities,volunteer activities,and work.Data are collected via computer-assisted telephone interview.The ATUS has been administered annually since 2003.The major component of the ATUS is the 24-hour time use survey.Respondents are asked to indicate what activities they engaged in,and for how long,during a 24-hour period.The results of the survey are made public on the BLS website and are used widely by researchers in a variety of disciplines.Response rates vary,with survey data obtained from 28,729 individuals in 2003 (response rate 57.8 %),and 25,487 individuals in 2014 (response rate 51.0%). -(Scenario III)Based on the information provided in Scenario III,which statement are you more likely to agree with?

Use the following to answer questions Scenario II Scenario II is based on fabricated data inspired by the following study: Phillips,S.R.& Silverman,S.(2012).Development of an instrument to assess fourth and fifth grade students' attitudes toward physical education.Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science,16(4),316-327. Physical Education Attitude This study describes the development of a survey to assess the attitudes of children toward physical education (PE).The authors describe three phases in the survey development.In phase 1 they discuss item construction.The authors began by using an existing 20-item survey to assess attitudes toward PE.Responses to each item range from 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree,with eight of the 20 items being negatively written.They then added eight items to this survey based on feedback from students with regard to their likes and dislikes about PE.In phase 2 the authors conducted a pilot study during which they administered the preliminary revised survey.For the pilot study the survey was administered to 493 children.The researchers then assessed the content validity of the survey items by having blinded reviewers categorize the items into six factors.This resulted in modifying the survey such that the final instrument contained 16 items.In phase 3 the authors describe the statistical analyses used to evaluate the 16-item survey's reliability and validity.The authors used Cronbach's alpha to determine the instrument's content validity.Values for each item ranged between .41 and .78.The authors conclude that the 16-item Student Attitude Toward Physical Education Survey is a valid and reliable assessment of children's attitudes toward PE. -(Scenario II)One of the items included in the scale administered during the pilot study described in Scenario II was "After PE I feel physically tired and mentally tired." This item was later changed,most likely because:

Use the following to answer questions Scenario III Scenario III is based on fabricated data inspired by the following study: U.S.Department of Labor,Bureau of Labor and Statistics (2014).American Time Use Survey Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/tus/ American Time Use The American Time Use Survey (ATUS)is a telephone survey developed by the Bureau of Labor and Statistics (BLS)to examine how U.S.citizens spend their time in a variety of domains,such as leisure activities,volunteer activities,and work.Data are collected via computer-assisted telephone interview.The ATUS has been administered annually since 2003.The major component of the ATUS is the 24-hour time use survey.Respondents are asked to indicate what activities they engaged in,and for how long,during a 24-hour period.The results of the survey are made public on the BLS website and are used widely by researchers in a variety of disciplines.Response rates vary,with survey data obtained from 28,729 individuals in 2003 (response rate 57.8 %),and 25,487 individuals in 2014 (response rate 51.0%). -(Scenario III)A psychologist used the 2014 ATUS data described in Scenario III to examine time spent working and time engaged in leisure activities.Based on your knowledge of survey research,which result is most appropriate for this study?

Use the following to answer questions Scenario I Scenario I is based on fabricated data inspired by the following study: Coriddi,M. ,Angelos,T. ,Nadeau,M. ,Bennett,M.& Taylor,A.(2013).Analysis of satisfaction and well-being in the short follow-up from breast augmentation using the BREAST-Q,a validated survey instrument.Aesthetic Surgery Journal,33 (2),245-251. Breast Augmentation Satisfaction The authors of this study used the BREAST-Q survey to assess satisfaction following breast augmentation surgery.They administered the survey to 155 patients before and after they underwent breast augmentation surgery and found a significant increase in psychosocial well-being and sexual well-being.A significant positive relationship was also found between overall satisfaction and breast appearance (r = .80).Interestingly,there was a significant decrease in physical well-being following surgery.The results of the study suggest that breast augmentation has a positive effect on women. -(Scenario I)In Scenario II,the statistic used to measure the relationship between overall satisfaction and breast appearance is the:

Use the following to answer questions Scenario II Scenario II is based on fabricated data inspired by the following study: Phillips,S.R.& Silverman,S.(2012).Development of an instrument to assess fourth and fifth grade students' attitudes toward physical education.Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science,16(4),316-327. Physical Education Attitude This study describes the development of a survey to assess the attitudes of children toward physical education (PE).The authors describe three phases in the survey development.In phase 1 they discuss item construction.The authors began by using an existing 20-item survey to assess attitudes toward PE.Responses to each item range from 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree,with eight of the 20 items being negatively written.They then added eight items to this survey based on feedback from students with regard to their likes and dislikes about PE.In phase 2 the authors conducted a pilot study during which they administered the preliminary revised survey.For the pilot study the survey was administered to 493 children.The researchers then assessed the content validity of the survey items by having blinded reviewers categorize the items into six factors.This resulted in modifying the survey such that the final instrument contained 16 items.In phase 3 the authors describe the statistical analyses used to evaluate the 16-item survey's reliability and validity.The authors used Cronbach's alpha to determine the instrument's content validity.Values for each item ranged between .41 and .78.The authors conclude that the 16-item Student Attitude Toward Physical Education Survey is a valid and reliable assessment of children's attitudes toward PE. -(Scenario II)When developing the Student Attitude Toward Physical Education Survey the authors formatted items in a way to minimize the likelihood of participants providing a response set.This was done by:

Use the following to answer questions Scenario I Scenario I is based on fabricated data inspired by the following study: Coriddi,M. ,Angelos,T. ,Nadeau,M. ,Bennett,M.& Taylor,A.(2013).Analysis of satisfaction and well-being in the short follow-up from breast augmentation using the BREAST-Q,a validated survey instrument.Aesthetic Surgery Journal,33 (2),245-251. Breast Augmentation Satisfaction The authors of this study used the BREAST-Q survey to assess satisfaction following breast augmentation surgery.They administered the survey to 155 patients before and after they underwent breast augmentation surgery and found a significant increase in psychosocial well-being and sexual well-being.A significant positive relationship was also found between overall satisfaction and breast appearance (r = .80).Interestingly,there was a significant decrease in physical well-being following surgery.The results of the study suggest that breast augmentation has a positive effect on women. -(Scenario I)In Scenario I the authors state the relationship between overall satisfaction with breast augmentation surgery and satisfaction with breast appearance is r = .80.This means that:

Use the following to answer questions Scenario III Scenario III is based on fabricated data inspired by the following study: U.S.Department of Labor,Bureau of Labor and Statistics (2014).American Time Use Survey Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/tus/ American Time Use The American Time Use Survey (ATUS)is a telephone survey developed by the Bureau of Labor and Statistics (BLS)to examine how U.S.citizens spend their time in a variety of domains,such as leisure activities,volunteer activities,and work.Data are collected via computer-assisted telephone interview.The ATUS has been administered annually since 2003.The major component of the ATUS is the 24-hour time use survey.Respondents are asked to indicate what activities they engaged in,and for how long,during a 24-hour period.The results of the survey are made public on the BLS website and are used widely by researchers in a variety of disciplines.Response rates vary,with survey data obtained from 28,729 individuals in 2003 (response rate 57.8 %),and 25,487 individuals in 2014 (response rate 51.0%). -(Scenario III)Suppose a psychologist used the ATUS to test whether volunteerism is related to education level.The psychologist predicted that those with more education would report spending more time volunteering.The psychologist made a _____ hypothesis.

Use the following to answer questions Scenario II Scenario II is based on fabricated data inspired by the following study: Phillips,S.R.& Silverman,S.(2012).Development of an instrument to assess fourth and fifth grade students' attitudes toward physical education.Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science,16(4),316-327. Physical Education Attitude This study describes the development of a survey to assess the attitudes of children toward physical education (PE).The authors describe three phases in the survey development.In phase 1 they discuss item construction.The authors began by using an existing 20-item survey to assess attitudes toward PE.Responses to each item range from 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree,with eight of the 20 items being negatively written.They then added eight items to this survey based on feedback from students with regard to their likes and dislikes about PE.In phase 2 the authors conducted a pilot study during which they administered the preliminary revised survey.For the pilot study the survey was administered to 493 children.The researchers then assessed the content validity of the survey items by having blinded reviewers categorize the items into six factors.This resulted in modifying the survey such that the final instrument contained 16 items.In phase 3 the authors describe the statistical analyses used to evaluate the 16-item survey's reliability and validity.The authors used Cronbach's alpha to determine the instrument's content validity.Values for each item ranged between .41 and .78.The authors conclude that the 16-item Student Attitude Toward Physical Education Survey is a valid and reliable assessment of children's attitudes toward PE. -(Scenario II)What is a reason for why Phillips and Silverman conducted a pilot study in Scenario II?

Use the following to answer questions Scenario III Scenario III is based on fabricated data inspired by the following study: U.S.Department of Labor,Bureau of Labor and Statistics (2014).American Time Use Survey Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/tus/ American Time Use The American Time Use Survey (ATUS)is a telephone survey developed by the Bureau of Labor and Statistics (BLS)to examine how U.S.citizens spend their time in a variety of domains,such as leisure activities,volunteer activities,and work.Data are collected via computer-assisted telephone interview.The ATUS has been administered annually since 2003.The major component of the ATUS is the 24-hour time use survey.Respondents are asked to indicate what activities they engaged in,and for how long,during a 24-hour period.The results of the survey are made public on the BLS website and are used widely by researchers in a variety of disciplines.Response rates vary,with survey data obtained from 28,729 individuals in 2003 (response rate 57.8 %),and 25,487 individuals in 2014 (response rate 51.0%). -(Scenario III)Suppose a group of researchers found a strong positive correlation between the 2013 and 2014 results of the ATUS.This information would support the _____ reliability of the ATUS.

Use the following to answer questions Scenario I Scenario I is based on fabricated data inspired by the following study: Coriddi,M. ,Angelos,T. ,Nadeau,M. ,Bennett,M.& Taylor,A.(2013).Analysis of satisfaction and well-being in the short follow-up from breast augmentation using the BREAST-Q,a validated survey instrument.Aesthetic Surgery Journal,33 (2),245-251. Breast Augmentation Satisfaction The authors of this study used the BREAST-Q survey to assess satisfaction following breast augmentation surgery.They administered the survey to 155 patients before and after they underwent breast augmentation surgery and found a significant increase in psychosocial well-being and sexual well-being.A significant positive relationship was also found between overall satisfaction and breast appearance (r = .80).Interestingly,there was a significant decrease in physical well-being following surgery.The results of the study suggest that breast augmentation has a positive effect on women. -(Scenario I)Suppose the participants surveyed in Scenario I were asked to respond to survey items using a 5-point scale in which 1 = very satisfied and 5 = very dissatisfied.While of the following does NOT describe this type of scale?

Use the following to answer questions Scenario II Scenario II is based on fabricated data inspired by the following study: Phillips,S.R.& Silverman,S.(2012).Development of an instrument to assess fourth and fifth grade students' attitudes toward physical education.Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science,16(4),316-327. Physical Education Attitude This study describes the development of a survey to assess the attitudes of children toward physical education (PE).The authors describe three phases in the survey development.In phase 1 they discuss item construction.The authors began by using an existing 20-item survey to assess attitudes toward PE.Responses to each item range from 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree,with eight of the 20 items being negatively written.They then added eight items to this survey based on feedback from students with regard to their likes and dislikes about PE.In phase 2 the authors conducted a pilot study during which they administered the preliminary revised survey.For the pilot study the survey was administered to 493 children.The researchers then assessed the content validity of the survey items by having blinded reviewers categorize the items into six factors.This resulted in modifying the survey such that the final instrument contained 16 items.In phase 3 the authors describe the statistical analyses used to evaluate the 16-item survey's reliability and validity.The authors used Cronbach's alpha to determine the instrument's content validity.Values for each item ranged between .41 and .78.The authors conclude that the 16-item Student Attitude Toward Physical Education Survey is a valid and reliable assessment of children's attitudes toward PE. -(Scenario II)Suppose the authors of the Student Attitude Toward Physical Education Survey stated it had strong convergent validity.The evidence to support this statement would likely include data showing:

Use the following to answer questions Scenario II Scenario II is based on fabricated data inspired by the following study: Phillips,S.R.& Silverman,S.(2012).Development of an instrument to assess fourth and fifth grade students' attitudes toward physical education.Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science,16(4),316-327. Physical Education Attitude This study describes the development of a survey to assess the attitudes of children toward physical education (PE).The authors describe three phases in the survey development.In phase 1 they discuss item construction.The authors began by using an existing 20-item survey to assess attitudes toward PE.Responses to each item range from 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree,with eight of the 20 items being negatively written.They then added eight items to this survey based on feedback from students with regard to their likes and dislikes about PE.In phase 2 the authors conducted a pilot study during which they administered the preliminary revised survey.For the pilot study the survey was administered to 493 children.The researchers then assessed the content validity of the survey items by having blinded reviewers categorize the items into six factors.This resulted in modifying the survey such that the final instrument contained 16 items.In phase 3 the authors describe the statistical analyses used to evaluate the 16-item survey's reliability and validity.The authors used Cronbach's alpha to determine the instrument's content validity.Values for each item ranged between .41 and .78.The authors conclude that the 16-item Student Attitude Toward Physical Education Survey is a valid and reliable assessment of children's attitudes toward PE. -(Scenario II)After piloting the survey described in Scenario II,the authors found that many children responded by always using the endpoints in the provided set of response alternatives.The participants seem to be exhibiting which response bias?