Question 1

As global temperatures increase,species ranges are expanding,with some species moving into habitats at higher altitudes and others moving to higher _______.

Accepted Answer

latitudes

Question 2

Describe two ways in which the cycles of carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus are linked.

Accepted Answer

First,all three elements form ions that dissolve in water;therefore,they travel together through water systems and into soil,where they are taken up by plants and other autotrophs.Second,they are found in proteins and nucleic acids,which are major types of organic molecules.In these substances,they occur in specific proportions and travel together until they are broken down by decomposers.

Question 3

On average,NPP from cultivated land ecosystems is higher than NPP from _______ ecosystems.

Accepted Answer

A)  swamp 
B)  estuary 
C)  boreal forest 
D)  temperate forest 
E)  temperate grassland 
A)  swamp 
B)  estuary 
C)  boreal forest 
D)  temperate forest 
E)  temperate grassland E

Question 4

Eutrophication in water bodies can lead to the formation of dead zones due to a depletion of

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon. 
B)  oxygen. 
C)  nitrogen. 
D)  all nutrients. 
E)  decomposers. 
A)  carbon. 
B)  oxygen. 
C)  nitrogen. 
D)  all nutrients. 
E)  decomposers.

Question 5

The second law of thermodynamics states that in every energy exchange,some energy is lost as heat;that is,it becomes unavailable for further use.Which of the following makes it possible for life to continue on Earth?

Accepted Answer

A)  The greenhouse effect continually generates heat. 
B)  Earth is an open system and is continually receiving new matter. 
C)  Earth is an open system and is continually receiving new energy. 
D)  The slow mixing of water in the oceans allows usable energy to accumulate. 
E)  Earth's surface constantly receives inputs of energy from molten magma in its core. 
A)  The greenhouse effect continually generates heat. 
B)  Earth is an open system and is continually receiving new matter. 
C)  Earth is an open system and is continually receiving new energy. 
D)  The slow mixing of water in the oceans allows usable energy to accumulate. 
E)  Earth's surface constantly receives inputs of energy from molten magma in its core.

Question 6

Which process contributes to global warming primarily by increasing the atmospheric pool of methane?

Accepted Answer

A)  Deforestation 
B)  Biomass burning 
C)  Fossil fuel burning 
D)  Cement production 
E)  Livestock production 
A)  Deforestation 
B)  Biomass burning 
C)  Fossil fuel burning 
D)  Cement production 
E)  Livestock production

Question 7

To maximize net primary productivity,the best combination of climatic conditions is

Accepted Answer

A)  high temperature and high precipitation. 
B)  high temperature and medium precipitation. 
C)  high temperature and low precipitation. 
D)  medium temperature and high precipitation. 
E)  medium temperature and medium precipitation. 
A)  high temperature and high precipitation. 
B)  high temperature and medium precipitation. 
C)  high temperature and low precipitation. 
D)  medium temperature and high precipitation. 
E)  medium temperature and medium precipitation.

Question 8

The thin atmosphere on Mars warms the surface of that planet by about 3°C,while the thick atmosphere on Venus warms the surface of that planet by approximately 468°C.To make these two planets suitable for life,scientists would need to _______ the atmospheric density on Mars and _______ the density on Venus.

Accepted Answer

A)  increase;increase 
B)  increase;decrease 
C)  decrease;increase 
D)  decrease;decrease 
E)  make no changes to;decrease 
A)  increase;increase 
B)  increase;decrease 
C)  decrease;increase 
D)  decrease;decrease 
E)  make no changes to;decrease

Question 9

In what way is the current episode of climate change different from previous episodes?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is being caused by a single species. 
B)  It involves increases in atmospheric oxygen. 
C)  It involves increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide. 
D)  It is occurring more slowly than previous climate changes. 
E)  It is causing changes that are toxic or damaging to many species. 
A)  It is being caused by a single species. 
B)  It involves increases in atmospheric oxygen. 
C)  It involves increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide. 
D)  It is occurring more slowly than previous climate changes. 
E)  It is causing changes that are toxic or damaging to many species.

Question 10

All of the human activities listed below release nitrogen compounds into the atmosphere except

Accepted Answer

A)  coal burning. 
B)  rice cultivation. 
C)  growing soybeans. 
D)  fertilizer manufacture. 
E)  explosives manufacture. 
A)  coal burning. 
B)  rice cultivation. 
C)  growing soybeans. 
D)  fertilizer manufacture. 
E)  explosives manufacture.

Question 11

Which development is not one of the consequences of increased concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

A)  More intense hurricanes 
B)  More evaporation and precipitation 
C)  The poleward expansion of Hadley cells 
D)  Increased average global temperatures 
E)  Wet regions becoming drier and dry regions becoming wetter. 
A)  More intense hurricanes 
B)  More evaporation and precipitation 
C)  The poleward expansion of Hadley cells 
D)  Increased average global temperatures 
E)  Wet regions becoming drier and dry regions becoming wetter.

Question 12

Studies show that,since 1979,dry seasons in the southern Amazon rainforest have lasted approximately one week longer each decade.Thus,current dry seasons are three to four weeks longer than they were in 1979,causing the rain forest to die back.The likely effect of this change on global carbon cycle and climate change will be a(n)_______ in atmospheric CO2,leading to _______ world temperatures.

Accepted Answer

A)  increase;increased 
B)  increase;decreased 
C)  increase;no change in 
D)  decrease;increased 
E)  decrease;decreased 
A)  increase;increased 
B)  increase;decreased 
C)  increase;no change in 
D)  decrease;increased 
E)  decrease;decreased

Question 13

Refer to the diagram below.Materials undergoing the processes of uplift or erosion would be leaving a(n)_______ form and most likely be entering the _______ compartment.

Accepted Answer

A)  accessible;decomposers 
B)  accessible;soil,sediments 
C)  inaccessible;decomposers 
D)  inaccessible;atmosphere 
E)  inaccessible;soil,sediments 
A)  accessible;decomposers 
B)  accessible;soil,sediments 
C)  inaccessible;decomposers 
D)  inaccessible;atmosphere 
E)  inaccessible;soil,sediments

Question 14

In the desert southwest of the United States,the rainy season now appears later in the year.This change in climate will most likely favor plants that use _______ as a cue to germinate.

Accepted Answer

A)  cool-season moisture 
B)  shorter day length 
C)  the presence of sunlight 
D)  longer day length 
E)  warm-season moisture 
A)  cool-season moisture 
B)  shorter day length 
C)  the presence of sunlight 
D)  longer day length 
E)  warm-season moisture

Question 15

Large-scale interconnections among ecosystems occur by all of the following processes except

Accepted Answer

A)  geological processes within Earth. 
B)  transport of materials by wind currents. 
C)  transport of materials by water currents. 
D)  trophic interactions within an ecosystem. 
E)  movement of organisms between ecosystems. 
A)  geological processes within Earth. 
B)  transport of materials by wind currents. 
C)  transport of materials by water currents. 
D)  trophic interactions within an ecosystem. 
E)  movement of organisms between ecosystems.

Question 16

Which ocean environment is likely to have the lowest net primary productivity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Estuary 
B)  Coral reef 
C)  Open ocean 
D)  Upwelling zone 
E)  Marine algal bed 
A)  Estuary 
B)  Coral reef 
C)  Open ocean 
D)  Upwelling zone 
E)  Marine algal bed

Question 17

Scientists fear that local extinctions and changes in range due to climate change may lead to communities with lower species _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Scientists fear that local extinctions and changes...

Question 18

If global respiration exceeded global photosynthesis,how would the global carbon cycle be affected?

Accepted Answer

A)  Atmospheric CH4 would increase. 
B)  Atmospheric CH4 would decrease. 
C)  Atmospheric CO2 would increase. 
D)  Atmospheric CO2 would decrease. 
E)  Less CO2 would dissolve in the oceans. 
A)  Atmospheric CH4 would increase. 
B)  Atmospheric CH4 would decrease. 
C)  Atmospheric CO2 would increase. 
D)  Atmospheric CO2 would decrease. 
E)  Less CO2 would dissolve in the oceans.

Question 19

If back radiation from the atmosphere to Earth's surface were to increase,global temperatures would _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If back radiation from the atmosphere to...

Question 20

The power that drives the water cycle around Earth comes from _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The power that drives the water cycle...

Exam 45: The Global Ecosystem

As global temperatures increase,species ranges are expanding,with some species moving into habitats at higher altitudes and others moving to higher _______.

Describe two ways in which the cycles of carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus are linked.

On average,NPP from cultivated land ecosystems is higher than NPP from _______ ecosystems.

Eutrophication in water bodies can lead to the formation of dead zones due to a depletion of

The second law of thermodynamics states that in every energy exchange,some energy is lost as heat;that is,it becomes unavailable for further use.Which of the following makes it possible for life to continue on Earth?

Which process contributes to global warming primarily by increasing the atmospheric pool of methane?

To maximize net primary productivity,the best combination of climatic conditions is

In what way is the current episode of climate change different from previous episodes?

All of the human activities listed below release nitrogen compounds into the atmosphere except

Which development is not one of the consequences of increased concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere?

Refer to the diagram below.Materials undergoing the processes of uplift or erosion would be leaving a(n)_______ form and most likely be entering the _______ compartment.

In the desert southwest of the United States,the rainy season now appears later in the year.This change in climate will most likely favor plants that use _______ as a cue to germinate.

Large-scale interconnections among ecosystems occur by all of the following processes except

Which ocean environment is likely to have the lowest net primary productivity?

Scientists fear that local extinctions and changes in range due to climate change may lead to communities with lower species _______.

If global respiration exceeded global photosynthesis,how would the global carbon cycle be affected?

If back radiation from the atmosphere to Earth's surface were to increase,global temperatures would _______.

The power that drives the water cycle around Earth comes from _______.

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

Filters

Which development is not one of the consequences of increased concentrations of CO₂ in the atmosphere?

Refer to the diagram below.Materials undergoing the processes of uplift or erosion would be leaving a(n)_ form and most likely be entering the _ compartment.