Question 1

In mammals and birds,the _______ is the structure from which the embryo is derived.

Accepted Answer

A)  trophoblast 
B)  cumulus cell 
C)  blastocyst 
D)  epiblast 
E)  hypoblast 
A)  trophoblast 
B)  cumulus cell 
C)  blastocyst 
D)  epiblast 
E)  hypoblast D

Question 2

In frogs,the sperm fuses with the egg

Accepted Answer

A)  in the region of the vegetal pole. 
B)  in the region of the animal pole. 
C)  in the region of the gray crescent. 
D)  on the border of the animal and vegetal poles. 
E)  in any region of the egg. 
A)  in the region of the vegetal pole. 
B)  in the region of the animal pole. 
C)  in the region of the gray crescent. 
D)  on the border of the animal and vegetal poles. 
E)  in any region of the egg. B

Question 3

The sperm contributes _______ to the zygote.

Accepted Answer

A)  a nucleus only 
B)  half of the mitochondria and a nucleus 
C)  a centriole and a nucleus 
D)  a cilium and a nucleus 
E)  a nucleus and Golgi apparatus 
A)  a nucleus only 
B)  half of the mitochondria and a nucleus 
C)  a centriole and a nucleus 
D)  a cilium and a nucleus 
E)  a nucleus and Golgi apparatus C

Question 4

The type of development in which each blastomere contributes a specific set of features to the final adult animal is called _______ development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The type of development in which each...

Question 5

Which function is not carried out by the placenta?

Accepted Answer

A)  Waste removal for the fetus 
B)  Exchange of respiratory gases for the fetus 
C)  Transfer of nutrients to the fetus 
D)  Bathing of chorionic villi in maternal blood 
E)  Protection of the fetus in a bag of fluid 
A)  Waste removal for the fetus 
B)  Exchange of respiratory gases for the fetus 
C)  Transfer of nutrients to the fetus 
D)  Bathing of chorionic villi in maternal blood 
E)  Protection of the fetus in a bag of fluid

Question 6

The development of an anterior-posterior axis in a recently fertilized frog egg coincides with the development of a band of diffusely colored pigment called the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The development of an anterior-posterior axis in...

Question 7

The formation of the endoderm during gastrulation in frogs results from

Accepted Answer

A)  the movement of cells from the surface layer to the interior. 
B)  the migration of cells within the blastocoel. 
C)  the formation of columnar cells at the vegetal pole. 
D)  rapid cell division. 
E)  the migration of mesenchyme cells. 
A)  the movement of cells from the surface layer to the interior. 
B)  the migration of cells within the blastocoel. 
C)  the formation of columnar cells at the vegetal pole. 
D)  rapid cell division. 
E)  the migration of mesenchyme cells.

Question 8

In early cleavage,amphibian embryos _______,whereas insect embryos _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  undergo complete cleavage;form a syncytium 
B)  undergo complete cleavage;undergo cytoplasmic division in the absence of nuclear division 
C)  undergo spiral cleavage;form a syncytium 
D)  form a syncytium;undergo complete cleavage 
E)  undergo radial cleavage;undergo cytoplasmic division in the absence of nuclear division 
A)  undergo complete cleavage;form a syncytium 
B)  undergo complete cleavage;undergo cytoplasmic division in the absence of nuclear division 
C)  undergo spiral cleavage;form a syncytium 
D)  form a syncytium;undergo complete cleavage 
E)  undergo radial cleavage;undergo cytoplasmic division in the absence of nuclear division

Question 9

Gas exchange in the chick embryo is carried out by the _______.

Accepted Answer

chorioallantoic memb

Question 10

The cleavage pattern shown below would be found in the embryo of a

Accepted Answer

A)  crab. 
B)  sparrow. 
C)  human. 
D)  sea star. 
E)  zebrafish. 
A)  crab. 
B)  sparrow. 
C)  human. 
D)  sea star. 
E)  zebrafish.

Question 11

Once development has proceeded to the point that three germ layers are in place within the embryo,the next phase of development,called _______,can begin.

Accepted Answer

A)  epiblasty 
B)  gastrulation 
C)  hypoblasty 
D)  organogenesis 
E)  transcription 
A)  epiblasty 
B)  gastrulation 
C)  hypoblasty 
D)  organogenesis 
E)  transcription

Question 12

The figure below is

Accepted Answer

A)  a modern scientist's drawing of a sperm. 
B)  a diagram of a human fetus. 
C)  a seventeenth-century depiction of a human sperm. 
D)  a drawing of a frog sperm. 
E)  a rendering of what early scientists saw when they looked at donkey sperm under the microscope. 
A)  a modern scientist's drawing of a sperm. 
B)  a diagram of a human fetus. 
C)  a seventeenth-century depiction of a human sperm. 
D)  a drawing of a frog sperm. 
E)  a rendering of what early scientists saw when they looked at donkey sperm under the microscope.

Question 13

The skin of adult humans serves in part as waterproofing.Which extraembryonic membrane serves an analogous function?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amnion 
B)  Chorion 
C)  Allantoic membrane 
D)  Yolk sac 
E)  Placenta 
A)  Amnion 
B)  Chorion 
C)  Allantoic membrane 
D)  Yolk sac 
E)  Placenta

Question 14

Which sequence represents the correct chronological order of developmental events,from earliest to latest?

Accepted Answer

A)  Formation of the neural tube,invagination of the neural plate,release of neural crest cells 
B)  Invagination of the neural plate,formation of the neural tube,release of neural crest cells 
C)  Release of neural crest cells,formation of the neural tube,invagination of the neural plate 
D)  Release of neural crest cells,invagination of the neural plate,formation of the neural tube 
E)  Invagination of the neural plate,release of neural crest cells,formation of the neural tube 
A)  Formation of the neural tube,invagination of the neural plate,release of neural crest cells 
B)  Invagination of the neural plate,formation of the neural tube,release of neural crest cells 
C)  Release of neural crest cells,formation of the neural tube,invagination of the neural plate 
D)  Release of neural crest cells,invagination of the neural plate,formation of the neural tube 
E)  Invagination of the neural plate,release of neural crest cells,formation of the neural tube

Question 15

The trophoblast cells in frogs

Accepted Answer

A)  are important to placenta formation. 
B)  protect the egg from sunlight. 
C)  carry out gas exchange. 
D)  help with implantation. 
E)  do not exist;they exist only in placental mammals. 
A)  are important to placenta formation. 
B)  protect the egg from sunlight. 
C)  carry out gas exchange. 
D)  help with implantation. 
E)  do not exist;they exist only in placental mammals.

Question 16

Scientists examining a water sample from a small pond find a number of eggs and want to determine the group of animals to which the eggs belong.As the eggs begin to develop,it becomes clear that mitosis is proceeding,but there is no sign of cytoplasmic division.To what group do these eggs most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reptiles 
B)  Frogs 
C)  Fish 
D)  Insects 
E)  Mammals 
A)  Reptiles 
B)  Frogs 
C)  Fish 
D)  Insects 
E)  Mammals

Question 17

Based on what you know about holoprosencephaly,what would you expect to happen if expression of the Sonic hedgehog gene was inhibited during development of the forebrain in humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  Formation of nostrils in place of eyes 
B)  Formation of a single cerebral hemisphere 
C)  Development of a duplicate pair of eyes 
D)  Development of a duplicate pair of ears 
E)  Abnormally high levels of cholesterol 
A)  Formation of nostrils in place of eyes 
B)  Formation of a single cerebral hemisphere 
C)  Development of a duplicate pair of eyes 
D)  Development of a duplicate pair of ears 
E)  Abnormally high levels of cholesterol

Question 18

Gastrulation is the stage of development

Accepted Answer

A)  when neural tube formation begins. 
B)  that makes possible the inductive interactions that trigger differentiation and organ formation. 
C)  that follows the formation of the three germ layers. 
D)  that precedes cleavage. 
E)  that is marked by a dramatic increase in the rate of mitosis. 
A)  when neural tube formation begins. 
B)  that makes possible the inductive interactions that trigger differentiation and organ formation. 
C)  that follows the formation of the three germ layers. 
D)  that precedes cleavage. 
E)  that is marked by a dramatic increase in the rate of mitosis.

Question 19

Which statement about animal development is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Signaling molecules interact to produce different combinations of signals that eventually guide embryonic cells to differentiate along different pathways. 
B)  $\beta$-catenin is necessary but not sufficient for the formation of the primary embryonic organizer. 
C)  Expression of embryonic genes usually begins just before gastrulation. 
D)  The mouth of the sea urchin forms where the archenteron makes contact with the ectoderm. 
E)  Cells can actively migrate during gastrulation. 
A)  Signaling molecules interact to produce different combinations of signals that eventually guide embryonic cells to differentiate along different pathways. 
B)  $\beta$-catenin is necessary but not sufficient for the formation of the primary embryonic organizer. 
C)  Expression of embryonic genes usually begins just before gastrulation. 
D)  The mouth of the sea urchin forms where the archenteron makes contact with the ectoderm. 
E)  Cells can actively migrate during gastrulation.

Question 20

A condition called anencephaly can occur when the _______ does not close in the (anterior/posterior)_______ part of the embryo.

Accepted Answer

neural tub

Exam 38: Animal Development

In mammals and birds,the _______ is the structure from which the embryo is derived.

In frogs,the sperm fuses with the egg

The sperm contributes _______ to the zygote.

The type of development in which each blastomere contributes a specific set of features to the final adult animal is called _______ development.

Which function is not carried out by the placenta?

The development of an anterior-posterior axis in a recently fertilized frog egg coincides with the development of a band of diffusely colored pigment called the _______.

The formation of the endoderm during gastrulation in frogs results from

In early cleavage,amphibian embryos _______,whereas insect embryos _______.

Gas exchange in the chick embryo is carried out by the _______.

The cleavage pattern shown below would be found in the embryo of a

Once development has proceeded to the point that three germ layers are in place within the embryo,the next phase of development,called _______,can begin.

The figure below is

The skin of adult humans serves in part as waterproofing.Which extraembryonic membrane serves an analogous function?

Which sequence represents the correct chronological order of developmental events,from earliest to latest?

The trophoblast cells in frogs

Based on what you know about holoprosencephaly,what would you expect to happen if expression of the Sonic hedgehog gene was inhibited during development of the forebrain in humans?

Gastrulation is the stage of development

Which statement about animal development is false?

A condition called anencephaly can occur when the _______ does not close in the (anterior/posterior)_______ part of the embryo.

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

In early cleavage,amphibian embryos _,whereas insect embryos _.

A condition called anencephaly can occur when the _ does not close in the (anterior/posterior)_ part of the embryo.