Question 1

Which substance is the least soluble in water?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ammonia 
B)  Uric acid 
C)  Urea 
D)  Sodium chloride 
E)  Glucose 
A)  Ammonia 
B)  Uric acid 
C)  Urea 
D)  Sodium chloride 
E)  Glucose B

Question 2

Analysis of a mouse's urine and plasma indicate a U/P ratio of 2.5.These results suggest that the mouse's kidney was

Accepted Answer

A)  taking a lot of water but very few solutes from the plasma. 
B)  taking very little water and many solutes from the plasma. 
C)  taking a lot of water and many solutes from the plasma. 
D)  taking very little water and very few solutes from the plasma. 
E)  maintaining an equal rate of flow of water and solutes into and out of the plasma. 
A)  taking a lot of water but very few solutes from the plasma. 
B)  taking very little water and many solutes from the plasma. 
C)  taking a lot of water and many solutes from the plasma. 
D)  taking very little water and very few solutes from the plasma. 
E)  maintaining an equal rate of flow of water and solutes into and out of the plasma. B

Question 3

Refer to the table below.Two animal species,A and B,are capable of moving back and forth between freshwater and saltwater environments.The table shows data collected on blood plasma osmolarities from members of these species that have been kept in a lab under different salinity conditions.Based on these data,which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both species are osmotic regulators. 
B)  Both species are osmotic conformers. 
C)  Both species are osmotic regulators in high salt environments but osmotic conformers in low salt environments. 
D)  Species A is an osmotic conformer and species B is an osmotic regulator. 
E)  Species A is an osmotic regulator and species B is an osmotic conformer. 
A)  Both species are osmotic regulators. 
B)  Both species are osmotic conformers. 
C)  Both species are osmotic regulators in high salt environments but osmotic conformers in low salt environments. 
D)  Species A is an osmotic conformer and species B is an osmotic regulator. 
E)  Species A is an osmotic regulator and species B is an osmotic conformer. D

Question 4

A small jellyfish is eaten by a bony fish,which in turn is eaten by a sea otter.Which form(s)of nitrogenous waste is/are not excreted in this small food chain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ammonia 
B)  Ammonia and urea 
C)  Uric acid 
D)  Urea 
E)  Uric acid and urea 
A)  Ammonia 
B)  Ammonia and urea 
C)  Uric acid 
D)  Urea 
E)  Uric acid and urea

Question 5

Refer to the figure below.When a blue crab and a mussel are placed in conditions of 0.50 Osm,their bodies react differently.Only the crab

Accepted Answer

A)  prevents environmental water from bathing its gills. 
B)  actively pumps water out of its body fluids. 
C)  actively pumps salts into its body fluids. 
D)  allows water to flow into its body fluids through osmosis. 
E)  produces small volumes of concentrated urine. 
A)  prevents environmental water from bathing its gills. 
B)  actively pumps water out of its body fluids. 
C)  actively pumps salts into its body fluids. 
D)  allows water to flow into its body fluids through osmosis. 
E)  produces small volumes of concentrated urine.

Question 6

Which structure is present in mammalian kidneys but absent in amphibian kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)  Loop of Henle 
B)  Glomerulus 
C)  Bowman's capsule 
D)  Proximal convoluted tubule 
E)  Distal convoluted tubule 
A)  Loop of Henle 
B)  Glomerulus 
C)  Bowman's capsule 
D)  Proximal convoluted tubule 
E)  Distal convoluted tubule

Question 7

Refer to the table below.Which animal is most likely to live in a desert?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5

Question 8

If persistent drought is affecting a region containing a forest ecosystem,which animal population will be devastated the most quickly?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mouse 
B)  Spider 
C)  Bat 
D)  Snake 
E)  Slug 
A)  Mouse 
B)  Spider 
C)  Bat 
D)  Snake 
E)  Slug

Question 9

Marine invertebrates in which the salinity of body fluids changes with the osmolarity of their environments are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  osmotic conformers. 
B)  osmotic regulators. 
C)  osmotic excretors. 
D)  hyposmotic regulators. 
E)  hyperosmotic regulators. 
A)  osmotic conformers. 
B)  osmotic regulators. 
C)  osmotic excretors. 
D)  hyposmotic regulators. 
E)  hyperosmotic regulators.

Question 10

Marine bony fishes handle the excess salt ingested from seawater by

Accepted Answer

A)  absorbing water when ions are pumped across their intestinal wall into their blood. 
B)  producing very little urine. 
C)  excreting ions from their gills. 
D)  excreting some ions in urine. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  absorbing water when ions are pumped across their intestinal wall into their blood. 
B)  producing very little urine. 
C)  excreting ions from their gills. 
D)  excreting some ions in urine. 
E)  All of the above

Question 11

Valuable molecules such as glucose,amino acids,and vitamins are reabsorbed into the blood at which location in the nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bowman's capsule 
B)  Collecting duct 
C)  Glomerulus 
D)  Loop of Henle 
E)  Proximal convoluted tubule 
A)  Bowman's capsule 
B)  Collecting duct 
C)  Glomerulus 
D)  Loop of Henle 
E)  Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 12

Birds that eat marine animals ingest excess salt,which they excrete through their _______ glands.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Birds that eat marine animals ingest excess...

Question 13

Which sequence represents the correct ranking of the water solubility of nitrogenous wastes,from least to most soluble?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ammonia,urea,uric acid 
B)  Urea,uric acid,ammonia 
C)  Uric acid,ammonia,urea 
D)  Uric acid,urea,ammonia 
E)  Ammonia,uric acid,urea 
A)  Ammonia,urea,uric acid 
B)  Urea,uric acid,ammonia 
C)  Uric acid,ammonia,urea 
D)  Uric acid,urea,ammonia 
E)  Ammonia,uric acid,urea

Question 14

If a person is producing concentrated urine,how much of the fluid that is filtered into Bowman's capsule can be reabsorbed into the blood within the kidney rather than being removed from the body through urination?

Accepted Answer

A)  Less than 5 percent 
B)  About 25 percent 
C)  About 50 percent 
D)  About 75 percent 
E)  Over 99 percent 
A)  Less than 5 percent 
B)  About 25 percent 
C)  About 50 percent 
D)  About 75 percent 
E)  Over 99 percent

Question 15

The functional unit of the kidney is

Accepted Answer

A)  Bowman's capsule. 
B)  a capillary. 
C)  the glomerulus. 
D)  the nephron. 
E)  the renal tubule. 
A)  Bowman's capsule. 
B)  a capillary. 
C)  the glomerulus. 
D)  the nephron. 
E)  the renal tubule.

Question 16

Refer to the figure below showing a freshwater bony fish.Which letter label is correctly matched to its osmoregulatory process?

Accepted Answer

A)  A = water loss by diffusion 
B)  B = water uptake by osmosis 
C)  C = excretion of small volumes of concentrated urine 
D)  D = active uptake of water 
E)  E = active drinking of water from surroundings 
A)  A = water loss by diffusion 
B)  B = water uptake by osmosis 
C)  C = excretion of small volumes of concentrated urine 
D)  D = active uptake of water 
E)  E = active drinking of water from surroundings

Question 17

Which statement about an excretory system consisting of Malpighian tubules is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  As ions move into the tubules,water moves out. 
B)  Urine is excreted from the rectum. 
C)  There is active transport of ions into the excretory system. 
D)  KCl from the hindgut is reabsorbed into the extracellular fluid. 
E)  Such a system is found in insects. 
A)  As ions move into the tubules,water moves out. 
B)  Urine is excreted from the rectum. 
C)  There is active transport of ions into the excretory system. 
D)  KCl from the hindgut is reabsorbed into the extracellular fluid. 
E)  Such a system is found in insects.

Question 18

The key difference between animals that are ammonotelic,ureotelic,or uricotelic is in how their bodies process their _______ wastes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The key difference between animals that are...

Question 19

Which substance does not enter Bowman's capsule from the bloodstream during filtration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water 
B)  Glucose 
C)  Ions 
D)  Amino acids 
E)  Plasma proteins 
A)  Water 
B)  Glucose 
C)  Ions 
D)  Amino acids 
E)  Plasma proteins

Question 20

Refer to the table below.Biologists tracked a species of lizard in a southwest New Mexican desert over several seasons.The scientists compiled data on specific underground shelters that the lizards used during each season as shown in the table.Which statement is consistent with these data?

Accepted Answer

A)  The lizards have a physiological adaptation to reduce water loss. 
B)  The lizards reduce water loss using night‒day cycles of activity. 
C)  The lizards rely on metabolic water as a key source of water for survival. 
D)  The lizards have a behavioral adaptation to reduce water loss. 
E)  The lizards have a morphological adaptation to reduce water loss. 
A)  The lizards have a physiological adaptation to reduce water loss. 
B)  The lizards reduce water loss using night‒day cycles of activity. 
C)  The lizards rely on metabolic water as a key source of water for survival. 
D)  The lizards have a behavioral adaptation to reduce water loss. 
E)  The lizards have a morphological adaptation to reduce water loss.

Exam 36: Water and Salts: Excretion

Which substance is the least soluble in water?

Analysis of a mouse's urine and plasma indicate a U/P ratio of 2.5.These results suggest that the mouse's kidney was

A small jellyfish is eaten by a bony fish,which in turn is eaten by a sea otter.Which form(s)of nitrogenous waste is/are not excreted in this small food chain?

Refer to the figure below.When a blue crab and a mussel are placed in conditions of 0.50 Osm,their bodies react differently.Only the crab

Which structure is present in mammalian kidneys but absent in amphibian kidneys?

Refer to the table below.Which animal is most likely to live in a desert?

If persistent drought is affecting a region containing a forest ecosystem,which animal population will be devastated the most quickly?

Marine invertebrates in which the salinity of body fluids changes with the osmolarity of their environments are known as

Marine bony fishes handle the excess salt ingested from seawater by

Valuable molecules such as glucose,amino acids,and vitamins are reabsorbed into the blood at which location in the nephron?

Birds that eat marine animals ingest excess salt,which they excrete through their _______ glands.

Which sequence represents the correct ranking of the water solubility of nitrogenous wastes,from least to most soluble?

If a person is producing concentrated urine,how much of the fluid that is filtered into Bowman's capsule can be reabsorbed into the blood within the kidney rather than being removed from the body through urination?

The functional unit of the kidney is

Refer to the figure below showing a freshwater bony fish.Which letter label is correctly matched to its osmoregulatory process?

Which statement about an excretory system consisting of Malpighian tubules is false?

The key difference between animals that are ammonotelic,ureotelic,or uricotelic is in how their bodies process their _______ wastes.

Which substance does not enter Bowman's capsule from the bloodstream during filtration?

Refer to the table below.Biologists tracked a species of lizard in a southwest New Mexican desert over several seasons.The scientists compiled data on specific underground shelters that the lizards used during each season as shown in the table.Which statement is consistent with these data?

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters