Question 1

Tetracycline,but not penicillin,is able to kill MRSA because tetracycline

Accepted Answer

A)  changes the shape of the bacterial cell walls. 
B)  blocks glycolysis. 
C)  inhibits protein synthesis. 
D)  degrades DNA. 
E)  blocks the input of nutrients. 
A)  changes the shape of the bacterial cell walls. 
B)  blocks glycolysis. 
C)  inhibits protein synthesis. 
D)  degrades DNA. 
E)  blocks the input of nutrients. C

Question 2

Which statement about promoters is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some promoters are more efficient than others at initiating transcription. 
B)  Various proteins can bind to the promoter. 
C)  Promoters provide information that orients RNA polymerase to the strand of the DNA it should use as a template. 
D)  A promoter is a DNA sequence. 
E)  Bacterial genes lack promoters. 
A)  Some promoters are more efficient than others at initiating transcription. 
B)  Various proteins can bind to the promoter. 
C)  Promoters provide information that orients RNA polymerase to the strand of the DNA it should use as a template. 
D)  A promoter is a DNA sequence. 
E)  Bacterial genes lack promoters. E

Question 3

Use the following to answer questions :
Suppose the DNA of a gene contains five motifs (A,B,C,D,and E)in that order.Motifs A,B,and D are located in introns,while motifs C and E are located in exons.
-What is the order of the motifs in the mature mRNA transcribed from that sequence?

Accepted Answer

A)  CE 
B)  ABD 
C)  BAD 
D)  ABDCE 
E)  ABCDE 
A)  CE 
B)  ABD 
C)  BAD 
D)  ABDCE 
E)  ABCDE A

Question 4

Which statement about the 5' cap of mRNA is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It protects mRNA from being digested by enzymes. 
B)  It is added to the pre-mRNA during transcription. 
C)  It is a chemical modification of GTP. 
D)  It assists in transport of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. 
E)  All of the above are true;none is false. 
A)  It protects mRNA from being digested by enzymes. 
B)  It is added to the pre-mRNA during transcription. 
C)  It is a chemical modification of GTP. 
D)  It assists in transport of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. 
E)  All of the above are true;none is false.

Question 5

In eukaryotes,ribosomes become associated with endoplasmic reticulum membranes when a signal sequence

Accepted Answer

A)  on the mRNA interacts with a receptor protein on the membrane. 
B)  on the ribosome interacts with a receptor protein on the membrane. 
C)  at the amino terminus of the protein being synthesized interacts with a receptor protein on the ribosome. 
D)  on the protein being synthesized interacts with a signal recognition particle and both bind to the endoplasmic reticulum. 
E)  on the mRNA passes through a pore in the membrane. 
A)  on the mRNA interacts with a receptor protein on the membrane. 
B)  on the ribosome interacts with a receptor protein on the membrane. 
C)  at the amino terminus of the protein being synthesized interacts with a receptor protein on the ribosome. 
D)  on the protein being synthesized interacts with a signal recognition particle and both bind to the endoplasmic reticulum. 
E)  on the mRNA passes through a pore in the membrane.

Question 6

What is a ribozyme?

Accepted Answer

A)  Any component of the ribosome 
B)  The structure formed when multiple peptide chains are gathered together 
C)  Any RNA with catalytic ability 
D)  The structure formed when tRNAs are charged 
E)  Any RNA-DNA hybrid 
A)  Any component of the ribosome 
B)  The structure formed when multiple peptide chains are gathered together 
C)  Any RNA with catalytic ability 
D)  The structure formed when tRNAs are charged 
E)  Any RNA-DNA hybrid

Question 7

Suppose you take glycine tRNA and modify it so that the glycine is changed to valine.You then find that the amino acid sequence in the generated proteins does not change.This result would suggest that the protein synthesis machinery recognizes the ______,and is _______ with what was actually found.

Accepted Answer

A)  amino acid;consistent 
B)  tRNA;inconsistent 
C)  mRNA;inconsistent 
D)  tRNA;consistent 
E)  amino acid;inconsistent 
A)  amino acid;consistent 
B)  tRNA;inconsistent 
C)  mRNA;inconsistent 
D)  tRNA;consistent 
E)  amino acid;inconsistent

Question 8

You have carried out a process of nucleic acid hybridization with the DNA from a eukaryotic gene as the target and mRNA as the probe.You observe a region where the RNA and DNA pair,a middle region where the RNA and DNA do not pair,and a final region where the RNA and DNA pair.From this result,you can infer there is/are _______ exon(s)and _______ intron(s).

Accepted Answer

A)  1;0 
B)  1;2 
C)  2;1 
D)  2;2 
E)  3;1 
A)  1;0 
B)  1;2 
C)  2;1 
D)  2;2 
E)  3;1

Question 9

The anticodon 3'-GCI-5'could not pair with

Accepted Answer

A)  5'-GCA-3'. 
B)  5'-GCG-3'. 
C)  5'-GCU-3'. 
D)  5'-GCC-3'. 
E)  The anticodon could pair with all of the above. 
A)  5'-GCA-3'. 
B)  5'-GCG-3'. 
C)  5'-GCU-3'. 
D)  5'-GCC-3'. 
E)  The anticodon could pair with all of the above.

Question 10

Use the following to answer questions :
Suppose that a wild-type bacterium can synthesize substance D,but various mutant strains cannot.We know that substance D is synthesized from substance X in a pathway that involves three intermediate substances (A,B,and C),but we do not know the order of the steps in the pathway.Below is a table of four different mutant strains that have been tested for their ability to grow on the various substances.The plus sign means that the strain can grow on that substance;the negative sign means that the strain cannot grow on that substance.  
-Suppose that another strain (strain 5)can grow on substance B but cannot grow on substance C.What can we infer from this observation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Strain 5 cannot grow on substance A. 
B)  Strain 5 cannot grow on substance D. 
C)  Strain 5 has a defect in the enzyme that converts substance B to substance C. 
D)  Strain 5 has a defect in the enzyme that converts substance B to substance D. 
E)  Strain 5 has a defect in the enzyme that converts substance C to substance B. 
A)  Strain 5 cannot grow on substance A. 
B)  Strain 5 cannot grow on substance D. 
C)  Strain 5 has a defect in the enzyme that converts substance B to substance C. 
D)  Strain 5 has a defect in the enzyme that converts substance B to substance D. 
E)  Strain 5 has a defect in the enzyme that converts substance C to substance B.

Question 11

An mRNA molecule with 360 codons has _______ nucleotides.

Accepted Answer

A)  120 
B)  180 
C)  360 
D)  1,080 
E)  2,160 
A)  120 
B)  180 
C)  360 
D)  1,080 
E)  2,160

Question 12

Which type of molecule transfers information from mRNA to protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA 
B)  Polysaccharides 
C)  tRNA 
D)  Proteins 
E)  Lipids 
A)  DNA 
B)  Polysaccharides 
C)  tRNA 
D)  Proteins 
E)  Lipids

Question 13

Which discovery caused the modification of the "one gene-one protein" hypothesis to the "one gene-one polypeptide" hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proteins made up of two or more chains 
B)  Splicing 
C)  Introns 
D)  Nonsense mutations 
E)  Garrod's inborn errors of metabolism 
A)  Proteins made up of two or more chains 
B)  Splicing 
C)  Introns 
D)  Nonsense mutations 
E)  Garrod's inborn errors of metabolism

Question 14

Which change affects one and only one amino acid in a sequence?

Accepted Answer

A)  A silent mutation 
B)  A deletion mutation 
C)  A frame-shift mutation 
D)  A nonsense mutation 
E)  A missense mutation 
A)  A silent mutation 
B)  A deletion mutation 
C)  A frame-shift mutation 
D)  A nonsense mutation 
E)  A missense mutation

Question 15

Use the following to answer questions :
Suppose a gene has three exons,with 570 nucleotides in exon 1,420 in exon 2,and 810 in exon 3.
-The protein translated from this gene is _______ amino acids long.

Accepted Answer

A)  190 
B)  440 
C)  600 
D)  1,320 
E)  1,800 
A)  190 
B)  440 
C)  600 
D)  1,320 
E)  1,800

Question 16

A polysome is

Accepted Answer

A)  the structure formed when a polypeptide is glycosylated. 
B)  a signal sequence. 
C)  the structure formed when multiple peptide chains are gathered together. 
D)  a protein release factor. 
E)  the structure formed when multiple ribosomes are translating an mRNA molecule. 
A)  the structure formed when a polypeptide is glycosylated. 
B)  a signal sequence. 
C)  the structure formed when multiple peptide chains are gathered together. 
D)  a protein release factor. 
E)  the structure formed when multiple ribosomes are translating an mRNA molecule.

Question 17

Consensus sequences (short segments of DNA)appear in the boundaries between introns and exons of various genes.These sequences appear to be involved in

Accepted Answer

A)  directing the polymerases to the appropriate place on the DNA for transcription to begin. 
B)  the splicing of introns out of the DNA. 
C)  allowing transcription to stop at the appropriate spot. 
D)  catalyzing the synthesis of a protein. 
E)  providing information to orient RNA polymerase. 
A)  directing the polymerases to the appropriate place on the DNA for transcription to begin. 
B)  the splicing of introns out of the DNA. 
C)  allowing transcription to stop at the appropriate spot. 
D)  catalyzing the synthesis of a protein. 
E)  providing information to orient RNA polymerase.

Question 18

The transcription initiation site is located

Accepted Answer

A)  within the promoter. 
B)  on RNA polymerase. 
C)  at splice sites. 
D)  in a ribosome. 
E)  at the consensus sequences. 
A)  within the promoter. 
B)  on RNA polymerase. 
C)  at splice sites. 
D)  in a ribosome. 
E)  at the consensus sequences.

Question 19

Transcription is the process by which

Accepted Answer

A)  a DNA molecule is synthesized from an RNA template. 
B)  ribonucleoside triphosphates are assembled into an RNA molecule without a template. 
C)  an RNA molecule is synthesized from a DNA template. 
D)  a protein is synthesized with information from a messenger RNA. 
E)  a single-stranded DNA molecule is replicated. 
A)  a DNA molecule is synthesized from an RNA template. 
B)  ribonucleoside triphosphates are assembled into an RNA molecule without a template. 
C)  an RNA molecule is synthesized from a DNA template. 
D)  a protein is synthesized with information from a messenger RNA. 
E)  a single-stranded DNA molecule is replicated.

Question 20

Which mutation is least likely to cause a frame shift?

Accepted Answer

A)  One that removes 6 nucleotides from a sequence 
B)  One that adds 8 nucleotides to a sequence 
C)  One that removes 2 nucleotides from a sequence 
D)  One that adds 14 nucleotides to a sequence 
E)  One that adds 5 nucleotides to a sequence 
A)  One that removes 6 nucleotides from a sequence 
B)  One that adds 8 nucleotides to a sequence 
C)  One that removes 2 nucleotides from a sequence 
D)  One that adds 14 nucleotides to a sequence 
E)  One that adds 5 nucleotides to a sequence

Exam 10: From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Tetracycline,but not penicillin,is able to kill MRSA because tetracycline

Which statement about promoters is false?

Use the following to answer questions : Suppose the DNA of a gene contains five motifs (A,B,C,D,and E)in that order.Motifs A,B,and D are located in introns,while motifs C and E are located in exons. -What is the order of the motifs in the mature mRNA transcribed from that sequence?

Which statement about the 5' cap of mRNA is false?

In eukaryotes,ribosomes become associated with endoplasmic reticulum membranes when a signal sequence

What is a ribozyme?

Suppose you take glycine tRNA and modify it so that the glycine is changed to valine.You then find that the amino acid sequence in the generated proteins does not change.This result would suggest that the protein synthesis machinery recognizes the ______,and is _______ with what was actually found.

The anticodon 3'-GCI-5'could not pair with

An mRNA molecule with 360 codons has _______ nucleotides.

Which type of molecule transfers information from mRNA to protein?

Which discovery caused the modification of the "one gene-one protein" hypothesis to the "one gene-one polypeptide" hypothesis?

Which change affects one and only one amino acid in a sequence?

Use the following to answer questions : Suppose a gene has three exons,with 570 nucleotides in exon 1,420 in exon 2,and 810 in exon 3. -The protein translated from this gene is _______ amino acids long.

A polysome is

Consensus sequences (short segments of DNA)appear in the boundaries between introns and exons of various genes.These sequences appear to be involved in

The transcription initiation site is located

Transcription is the process by which

Which mutation is least likely to cause a frame shift?

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

Suppose you take glycine tRNA and modify it so that the glycine is changed to valine.You then find that the amino acid sequence in the generated proteins does not change.This result would suggest that the protein synthesis machinery recognizes the ,and is _ with what was actually found.