Question 1

In conditions in which soil water is plentiful but oxygen is scarce,plants may adapt by

Accepted Answer

A)  growing deep taproots. 
B)  inhibiting ATP production. 
C)  producing oxygen from water. 
D)  diffusing oxygen through lenticels. 
E)  releasing the hormone abscisic acid. 
A)  growing deep taproots. 
B)  inhibiting ATP production. 
C)  producing oxygen from water. 
D)  diffusing oxygen through lenticels. 
E)  releasing the hormone abscisic acid. D

Question 2

When plants suffer cold stress,but the temperature is still above freezing,which aspect of the plant cell is most subject to damage?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ability to dissipate heat 
B)  The ability to form antifreeze proteins 
C)  The ability to form heat-shock proteins 
D)  The membrane's fluidity 
E)  The membrane's ability to contain substances 
A)  The ability to dissipate heat 
B)  The ability to form antifreeze proteins 
C)  The ability to form heat-shock proteins 
D)  The membrane's fluidity 
E)  The membrane's ability to contain substances D

Question 3

The evidence that some beetles cut veins of milkweeds to interrupt the flow of latex to other parts of the plant demonstrates that

Accepted Answer

A)  laticifers are always effective as plant defenses. 
B)  laticifers are always ineffective as plant defenses. 
C)  these beetles have learned to bypass an effective plant defense. 
D)  these beetles are able to overcome the toxicity of chemicals in latex. 
E)  milkweeds are unable to protect themselves from their own poisons. 
A)  laticifers are always effective as plant defenses. 
B)  laticifers are always ineffective as plant defenses. 
C)  these beetles have learned to bypass an effective plant defense. 
D)  these beetles are able to overcome the toxicity of chemicals in latex. 
E)  milkweeds are unable to protect themselves from their own poisons. C

Question 4

Xerophytes live in which type of environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Marsh 
B)  Desert 
C)  Temperate evergreen forest 
D)  Area with very cold temperatures 
E)  Area with high mercury concentration 
A)  Marsh 
B)  Desert 
C)  Temperate evergreen forest 
D)  Area with very cold temperatures 
E)  Area with high mercury concentration

Question 5

The plant immune system is similar to the human immune system except that plants,but not humans,

Accepted Answer

A)  have both general and specific immunity. 
B)  have protective structures and substances on their outer surfaces. 
C)  have receptors that recognize molecules produced by pathogens. 
D)  produce molecules that deter both pathogens and predators. 
E)  produce specific recognition molecules for many different pathogens. 
A)  have both general and specific immunity. 
B)  have protective structures and substances on their outer surfaces. 
C)  have receptors that recognize molecules produced by pathogens. 
D)  produce molecules that deter both pathogens and predators. 
E)  produce specific recognition molecules for many different pathogens.

Question 6

Plants such as sorghum produce cyanide,a highly toxic defensive chemical.These plants avoid poisoning themselves by

Accepted Answer

A)  dissolving the cyanide in waxes. 
B)  storing the cyanide in separate vacuoles. 
C)  storing the cyanide in the intercellular spaces. 
D)  modifying the cyanide so it is only toxic outside the plant cell. 
E)  storing the cyanide precursor separately from its activating enzyme. 
A)  dissolving the cyanide in waxes. 
B)  storing the cyanide in separate vacuoles. 
C)  storing the cyanide in the intercellular spaces. 
D)  modifying the cyanide so it is only toxic outside the plant cell. 
E)  storing the cyanide precursor separately from its activating enzyme.

Question 7

When a plant responds to a pathogen,which substance would likely be produced last and would be involved in a slow-acting response against the pathogen?

Accepted Answer

A)  PR protein 
B)  Salicylic acid 
C)  Phytoalexin 
D)  Nitric oxide 
E)  Hydrogen peroxide 
A)  PR protein 
B)  Salicylic acid 
C)  Phytoalexin 
D)  Nitric oxide 
E)  Hydrogen peroxide

Question 8

Hyperaccumulators most likely evolved in areas having soils containing

Accepted Answer

A)  excess water. 
B)  limited water. 
C)  limited nutrients. 
D)  high salt concentrations. 
E)  high heavy metal concentrations. 
A)  excess water. 
B)  limited water. 
C)  limited nutrients. 
D)  high salt concentrations. 
E)  high heavy metal concentrations.

Question 9

Considering the signal transduction pathway involved in induced defenses,what would be the most likely outcome if a mutation in JAZ interfered with its capacity to bind to jasmonate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Production of protease inhibitors would decrease. 
B)  Elicitors would bind to receptors less readily. 
C)  Elicitors would bind to receptors more readily. 
D)  Production of protease inhibitors would increase. 
E)  Jasmonate production would decrease. 
A)  Production of protease inhibitors would decrease. 
B)  Elicitors would bind to receptors less readily. 
C)  Elicitors would bind to receptors more readily. 
D)  Production of protease inhibitors would increase. 
E)  Jasmonate production would decrease.

Question 10

Compounds such as methyl salicylate and volicitin are volatile.This quality enables them to aid in plant defenses by

Accepted Answer

A)  speeding up the plant's immune responses. 
B)  turning off the production of PR proteins. 
C)  stimulating immune responses in neighboring plants. 
D)  stimulating immune responses in other parts of the plant. 
E)  providing a unique form of immunity that is neither constitutive nor induced. 
A)  speeding up the plant's immune responses. 
B)  turning off the production of PR proteins. 
C)  stimulating immune responses in neighboring plants. 
D)  stimulating immune responses in other parts of the plant. 
E)  providing a unique form of immunity that is neither constitutive nor induced.

Question 11

Bacteria infect a plant and release the protein flagellin,which triggers the plant to activate a signaling pathway that leads to formation of several immune chemicals.This is an example of a(n)_______ response to pathogens.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bacteria infect a plant and release the...

Question 12

For an R gene to confer resistance,an invading pathogen must have a corresponding

Accepted Answer

A)  R gene. 
B)  tRNA. 
C)  T gene. 
D)  detector. 
E)  Avr gene. 
A)  R gene. 
B)  tRNA. 
C)  T gene. 
D)  detector. 
E)  Avr gene.

Question 13

Which statement about the plant secondary metabolites used in "chemical warfare" against herbivores is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Many carry out basic plant functions. 
B)  They have a variety of effects on animals. 
C)  There are more than 10,000 known types. 
D)  They vary in size,but most are small molecules. 
E)  Some are produced by a single species,while others are produced by many different plants. 
A)  Many carry out basic plant functions. 
B)  They have a variety of effects on animals. 
C)  There are more than 10,000 known types. 
D)  They vary in size,but most are small molecules. 
E)  Some are produced by a single species,while others are produced by many different plants.

Question 14

Which type of stress is most likely to denature a plant's proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  High temperatures 
B)  Heavy metals 
C)  Low temperatures 
D)  Herbivores 
E)  High salt concentrations 
A)  High temperatures 
B)  Heavy metals 
C)  Low temperatures 
D)  Herbivores 
E)  High salt concentrations

Question 15

To stimulate the production of pathogenesis-related proteins,a scientist might treat plants with

Accepted Answer

A)  salicylic acid. 
B)  PR inducer. 
C)  phytoalexin. 
D)  cellulose. 
E)  chitin. 
A)  salicylic acid. 
B)  PR inducer. 
C)  phytoalexin. 
D)  cellulose. 
E)  chitin.

Question 16

An accumulation of the amino acid proline and other solutes enables plants to

Accepted Answer

A)  become toxic to most herbivores. 
B)  carry out alcoholic fermentation. 
C)  avoid the toxic effects of sodium. 
D)  extract water from the soil by osmosis. 
E)  initiate a signaling pathway to close stomata. 
A)  become toxic to most herbivores. 
B)  carry out alcoholic fermentation. 
C)  avoid the toxic effects of sodium. 
D)  extract water from the soil by osmosis. 
E)  initiate a signaling pathway to close stomata.

Question 17

A plant lives in a marshy environment where its roots are always submerged.Its leaf and stem tissues are most likely modified by the presence of

Accepted Answer

A)  aerenchyma. 
B)  pneumatophores. 
C)  LEA proteins. 
D)  a thick cuticle. 
E)  additional stomata. 
A)  aerenchyma. 
B)  pneumatophores. 
C)  LEA proteins. 
D)  a thick cuticle. 
E)  additional stomata.

Question 18

Which hypothetical treatment would likely enable an insect larva to resist canavanine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hormonal treatment to delay metamorphosis 
B)  Hormonal treatment to accelerate metamorphosis 
C)  RNA interference to stop production of improper proteins 
D)  Genetic engineering to add an enzyme enabling its tRNA to distinguish between arginine and canavanine 
E)  Genetic engineering to add an enzyme enabling its tRNA to distinguish between lecuine and canavanine 
A)  Hormonal treatment to delay metamorphosis 
B)  Hormonal treatment to accelerate metamorphosis 
C)  RNA interference to stop production of improper proteins 
D)  Genetic engineering to add an enzyme enabling its tRNA to distinguish between arginine and canavanine 
E)  Genetic engineering to add an enzyme enabling its tRNA to distinguish between lecuine and canavanine

Question 19

The ventilation system in a greenhouse malfunctions,causing the temperature to rise almost 7°C in a very short time.The plants begin to undergo heat shock,causing them to produce which type of protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proline 
B)  Kinases 
C)  Nucleases 
D)  Antifreeze proteins 
E)  Chaperonins 
A)  Proline 
B)  Kinases 
C)  Nucleases 
D)  Antifreeze proteins 
E)  Chaperonins

Question 20

Most xerophytes adapt to dry conditions with the use of constitutive,rather than induced,mechanisms.The most likely reason is that constitutive mechanisms

Accepted Answer

A)  are always present. 
B)  evolve more readily. 
C)  provide better protection. 
D)  are more energy-efficient. 
E)  do not require the use of energy. 
A)  are always present. 
B)  evolve more readily. 
C)  provide better protection. 
D)  are more energy-efficient. 
E)  do not require the use of energy.

Exam 28: Plants in the Environment

In conditions in which soil water is plentiful but oxygen is scarce,plants may adapt by

When plants suffer cold stress,but the temperature is still above freezing,which aspect of the plant cell is most subject to damage?

The evidence that some beetles cut veins of milkweeds to interrupt the flow of latex to other parts of the plant demonstrates that

Xerophytes live in which type of environment?

The plant immune system is similar to the human immune system except that plants,but not humans,

Plants such as sorghum produce cyanide,a highly toxic defensive chemical.These plants avoid poisoning themselves by

When a plant responds to a pathogen,which substance would likely be produced last and would be involved in a slow-acting response against the pathogen?

Hyperaccumulators most likely evolved in areas having soils containing

Considering the signal transduction pathway involved in induced defenses,what would be the most likely outcome if a mutation in JAZ interfered with its capacity to bind to jasmonate?

Compounds such as methyl salicylate and volicitin are volatile.This quality enables them to aid in plant defenses by

Bacteria infect a plant and release the protein flagellin,which triggers the plant to activate a signaling pathway that leads to formation of several immune chemicals.This is an example of a(n)_______ response to pathogens.

For an R gene to confer resistance,an invading pathogen must have a corresponding

Which statement about the plant secondary metabolites used in "chemical warfare" against herbivores is false?

Which type of stress is most likely to denature a plant's proteins?

To stimulate the production of pathogenesis-related proteins,a scientist might treat plants with

An accumulation of the amino acid proline and other solutes enables plants to

A plant lives in a marshy environment where its roots are always submerged.Its leaf and stem tissues are most likely modified by the presence of

Which hypothetical treatment would likely enable an insect larva to resist canavanine?

The ventilation system in a greenhouse malfunctions,causing the temperature to rise almost 7°C in a very short time.The plants begin to undergo heat shock,causing them to produce which type of protein?

Most xerophytes adapt to dry conditions with the use of constitutive,rather than induced,mechanisms.The most likely reason is that constitutive mechanisms

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

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