Question 1

The light reactions of photosynthesis provide the Calvin cycle with

Accepted Answer

A)  protons and electrons. 
B)  CO2 and glucose. 
C)  water and photons. 
D)  light and chlorophyll. 
E)  ATP and NADPH. 
A)  protons and electrons. 
B)  CO2 and glucose. 
C)  water and photons. 
D)  light and chlorophyll. 
E)  ATP and NADPH. E

Question 2

Oxidation and reduction

Accepted Answer

A)  entail the gain or loss of proteins. 
B)  are defined as the loss of electrons. 
C)  are both endergonic reactions. 
D)  always occur together. 
E)  proceed only under aerobic conditions. 
A)  entail the gain or loss of proteins. 
B)  are defined as the loss of electrons. 
C)  are both endergonic reactions. 
D)  always occur together. 
E)  proceed only under aerobic conditions. D

Question 3

More free energy is released during the citric acid cycle than during glycolysis,but only 1 mole of ATP is produced for each mole of acetyl CoA that enters the cycle.Most of the remaining free energy produced during the citric acid cycle is

Accepted Answer

A)  used to synthesize GTP. 
B)  used to reduce electron carriers. 
C)  lost as heat. 
D)  used to reduce pyruvate. 
E)  converted to kinetic energy. 
A)  used to synthesize GTP. 
B)  used to reduce electron carriers. 
C)  lost as heat. 
D)  used to reduce pyruvate. 
E)  converted to kinetic energy. B

Question 4

The electron transport chain contains four large protein complexes.These proteins

Accepted Answer

A)  are embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. 
B)  change in a similar way when reduced. 
C)  regulate the passage of water through the respiratory chain. 
D)  reduce NADH. 
E)  complete the oxidation of pyruvate to acetate. 
A)  are embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. 
B)  change in a similar way when reduced. 
C)  regulate the passage of water through the respiratory chain. 
D)  reduce NADH. 
E)  complete the oxidation of pyruvate to acetate.

Question 5

Which statement about the electron transport chain is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Electrons are received from NADH and FADH2. 
B)  Electrons are passed from donor to recipient carrier molecules in a series of oxidation-reduction reactions. 
C)  The terminal electron acceptor is usually oxygen. 
D)  Most of the enzymes are part of the inner mitochondrial membrane. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Electrons are received from NADH and FADH2. 
B)  Electrons are passed from donor to recipient carrier molecules in a series of oxidation-reduction reactions. 
C)  The terminal electron acceptor is usually oxygen. 
D)  Most of the enzymes are part of the inner mitochondrial membrane. 
E)  All of the above

Question 6

Free energy is released in cyclic electron transport by photosystem I

Accepted Answer

A)  by the formation of ATP. 
B)  during the excitation of chlorophyll. 
C)  during the fluorescence of chlorophyll. 
D)  during each of the redox reactions of the electron transport chain. 
E)  when electrons are transferred from photosystem I to photosystem II. 
A)  by the formation of ATP. 
B)  during the excitation of chlorophyll. 
C)  during the fluorescence of chlorophyll. 
D)  during each of the redox reactions of the electron transport chain. 
E)  when electrons are transferred from photosystem I to photosystem II.

Question 7

A person on a dangerously severe diet will eventually suffer from malnutrition and even starvation.If a person does not eat enough to fuel sufficient ATP and NADH production for biological activities,energy sources will be depleted.Which of the following represents the correct order in which this depletion takes place?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glycogen $\rightarrow$ fats $\rightarrow$ proteins 
B)  Fats $\rightarrow$glycogen$\rightarrow$proteins 
C)  Glycogen $\rightarrow$ proteins $\rightarrow$ fats 
D)  Fats $\rightarrow$proteins $\rightarrow$glycogen 
E)  Proteins $\rightarrow$glycogen $\rightarrow$fats 
A)  Glycogen $\rightarrow$ fats $\rightarrow$ proteins 
B)  Fats $\rightarrow$glycogen$\rightarrow$proteins 
C)  Glycogen $\rightarrow$ proteins $\rightarrow$ fats 
D)  Fats $\rightarrow$proteins $\rightarrow$glycogen 
E)  Proteins $\rightarrow$glycogen $\rightarrow$fats

Question 8

Yeast cells tend to create anaerobic conditions and therefore

Accepted Answer

A)  exhibit a red pigment. 
B)  exhibit a green pigment. 
C)  die. 
D)  produce ethanol. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  exhibit a red pigment. 
B)  exhibit a green pigment. 
C)  die. 
D)  produce ethanol. 
E)  None of the above

Question 9

The main photosynthetic pigments in plants are _______ and _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  chlorophyll s;chlorophyll a 
B)  chlorophyll x;chlorophyll y 
C)  retinal pigment;accessory pigment 
D)  chlorophyll a;chlorophyll b 
E)  carotenoids;phycobilins 
A)  chlorophyll s;chlorophyll a 
B)  chlorophyll x;chlorophyll y 
C)  retinal pigment;accessory pigment 
D)  chlorophyll a;chlorophyll b 
E)  carotenoids;phycobilins

Question 10

In the autumn,the green leaves of sugar maples turn orange.Which explanation is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The leaves dramatically increase their production of carotenoids to adjust to the autumn light. 
B)  The autumn light lacks the blue and orange-red wavelengths found in the summer light. 
C)  The autumn light has more orange wavelengths than the summer light has. 
D)  The colors of carotenoids are no longer masked by the color of chlorophyll as the leaves cease to synthesize the chlorophyll pigments. 
E)  The absorption spectrum of chlorophyll changes to include green wavelengths. 
A)  The leaves dramatically increase their production of carotenoids to adjust to the autumn light. 
B)  The autumn light lacks the blue and orange-red wavelengths found in the summer light. 
C)  The autumn light has more orange wavelengths than the summer light has. 
D)  The colors of carotenoids are no longer masked by the color of chlorophyll as the leaves cease to synthesize the chlorophyll pigments. 
E)  The absorption spectrum of chlorophyll changes to include green wavelengths.

Question 11

During the energy-investing portion of glycolysis,the phosphates from ATP molecules are

Accepted Answer

A)  added to the first and sixth carbons of glucose. 
B)  added to the second and fourth carbons of glucose. 
C)  wasted,as an energy investment in glucose. 
D)  used to make pyruvate from glucose. 
E)  used to make lactate from glucose. 
A)  added to the first and sixth carbons of glucose. 
B)  added to the second and fourth carbons of glucose. 
C)  wasted,as an energy investment in glucose. 
D)  used to make pyruvate from glucose. 
E)  used to make lactate from glucose.

Question 12

The water that is a by-product of cellular respiration is produced as a result of the

Accepted Answer

A)  combining of carbon dioxide with protons. 
B)  conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA. 
C)  degradation of glucose to pyruvate. 
D)  reduction of oxygen at the end of the electron transport chain. 
E)  oxidation of acetyl CoA. 
A)  combining of carbon dioxide with protons. 
B)  conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA. 
C)  degradation of glucose to pyruvate. 
D)  reduction of oxygen at the end of the electron transport chain. 
E)  oxidation of acetyl CoA.

Question 13

Which of the following occurs during the carbon-fixation reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water is converted into hydrogen and water. 
B)  CO2 and water are converted into sugars. 
C)  Chlorophyll acts as an enzyme. 
D)  Nothing occurs;the plant rests in the dark. 
E)  Glucose and oxygen are reduced to CO2 and water. 
A)  Water is converted into hydrogen and water. 
B)  CO2 and water are converted into sugars. 
C)  Chlorophyll acts as an enzyme. 
D)  Nothing occurs;the plant rests in the dark. 
E)  Glucose and oxygen are reduced to CO2 and water.

Question 14

Plants are green because

Accepted Answer

A)  chlorophylls absorb blue and orange-red wavelengths of light and reflect green light. 
B)  chloroplasts transmit green light. 
C)  energized chlorophyll a emits green light. 
D)  plants do not possess green pigment. 
E)  chlorophylls absorb green light. 
A)  chlorophylls absorb blue and orange-red wavelengths of light and reflect green light. 
B)  chloroplasts transmit green light. 
C)  energized chlorophyll a emits green light. 
D)  plants do not possess green pigment. 
E)  chlorophylls absorb green light.

Question 15

In a redox reaction,the reactant that becomes oxidized is called a(n)_______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a redox reaction,the reactant that becomes...

Question 16

Pyruvate oxidation generates

Accepted Answer

A)  acetate. 
B)  NADH. 
C)  a change in free energy. 
D)  CO2. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  acetate. 
B)  NADH. 
C)  a change in free energy. 
D)  CO2. 
E)  All of the above

Question 17

The precise moment when light energy is captured in chemical energy is the point at which

Accepted Answer

A)  light shines on chlorophyll. 
B)  water is hydrolyzed. 
C)  chlorophyll is oxidized. 
D)  chlorophyll is reduced. 
E)  the CO2 from air is captured in a sugar. 
A)  light shines on chlorophyll. 
B)  water is hydrolyzed. 
C)  chlorophyll is oxidized. 
D)  chlorophyll is reduced. 
E)  the CO2 from air is captured in a sugar.

Question 18

The loss of an electron by a ferrous ion (Fe2+)to yield a ferric ion (Fe3+)is called _______.

Accepted Answer

Question 19

The formation of ethanol from pyruvate is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  an exergonic reaction. 
B)  an extra source of energy as the result of glycolysis. 
C)  a fermentation process that takes place in the absence of oxygen. 
D)  cellular respiration. 
E)  chemiosmosis. 
A)  an exergonic reaction. 
B)  an extra source of energy as the result of glycolysis. 
C)  a fermentation process that takes place in the absence of oxygen. 
D)  cellular respiration. 
E)  chemiosmosis.

Question 20

Which of the following does not happen in noncyclic electron transport?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oxygen gas is released. 
B)  ATP forms. 
C)  Water donates electrons and protons. 
D)  NADPH forms. 
E)  CO2 reacts with RuBP. 
A)  Oxygen gas is released. 
B)  ATP forms. 
C)  Water donates electrons and protons. 
D)  NADPH forms. 
E)  CO2 reacts with RuBP.

Exam 6: Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The light reactions of photosynthesis provide the Calvin cycle with

Oxidation and reduction

More free energy is released during the citric acid cycle than during glycolysis,but only 1 mole of ATP is produced for each mole of acetyl CoA that enters the cycle.Most of the remaining free energy produced during the citric acid cycle is

The electron transport chain contains four large protein complexes.These proteins

Which statement about the electron transport chain is true?

Free energy is released in cyclic electron transport by photosystem I

Yeast cells tend to create anaerobic conditions and therefore

The main photosynthetic pigments in plants are _______ and _______.

In the autumn,the green leaves of sugar maples turn orange.Which explanation is true?

During the energy-investing portion of glycolysis,the phosphates from ATP molecules are

The water that is a by-product of cellular respiration is produced as a result of the

Which of the following occurs during the carbon-fixation reactions of photosynthesis?

Plants are green because

In a redox reaction,the reactant that becomes oxidized is called a(n)_______.

Pyruvate oxidation generates

The precise moment when light energy is captured in chemical energy is the point at which

The loss of an electron by a ferrous ion (Fe2+)to yield a ferric ion (Fe3+)is called _______.

The formation of ethanol from pyruvate is an example of

Which of the following does not happen in noncyclic electron transport?

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

The main photosynthetic pigments in plants are _ and _.

The loss of an electron by a ferrous ion (Fe²⁺)to yield a ferric ion (Fe³⁺)is called _______.