Question 1

A sequence contains an open reading frame that begins with a start codon.Most likely,it

Accepted Answer

A)  contains highly repetitive DNA. 
B)  contains moderately repetitive DNA. 
C)  codes for a protein. 
D)  is in a centromeric region. 
E)  is in a teleomeric region. 
A)  contains highly repetitive DNA. 
B)  contains moderately repetitive DNA. 
C)  codes for a protein. 
D)  is in a centromeric region. 
E)  is in a teleomeric region. C

Question 2

Compared to a typical bacterial genome,the genome of a single-cell eukaryote will likely have many more genes devoted to

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolism. 
B)  membrane transport. 
C)  DNA replication,repair,and recombination. 
D)  the targeting of proteins to organelles. 
E)  energy production and storage. 
A)  metabolism. 
B)  membrane transport. 
C)  DNA replication,repair,and recombination. 
D)  the targeting of proteins to organelles. 
E)  energy production and storage. D

Question 3

A piece of DNA that is 3 kb in length is found in many locations throughout the genome.How would you decide whether this was a LINE or a DNA transposon?

Accepted Answer

A)  If it has more than 10,000 copies in the genome,it is a LINE;if not,it is a DNA transposon. 
B)  If it has more than 10,000 copies in the genome,it is a DNA transposon;if not,it is a LINE. 
C)  If it contains the sequence GCTCGATC it is a LINE;if not,it is a DNA transposon. 
D)  If it uses an RNA intermediate,it is a LINE;if not,it is a DNA transposon. 
E)  If it is transcribed,then it must be a LINE;if not,then it is a DNA transposon. 
A)  If it has more than 10,000 copies in the genome,it is a LINE;if not,it is a DNA transposon. 
B)  If it has more than 10,000 copies in the genome,it is a DNA transposon;if not,it is a LINE. 
C)  If it contains the sequence GCTCGATC it is a LINE;if not,it is a DNA transposon. 
D)  If it uses an RNA intermediate,it is a LINE;if not,it is a DNA transposon. 
E)  If it is transcribed,then it must be a LINE;if not,then it is a DNA transposon. D

Question 4

Which of the following is most likely to be associated with heterochromatin?

Accepted Answer

A)  A slowly evolving gene 
B)  A gene family 
C)  An open reading frame 
D)  A highly repetitive sequence 
E)  A promoter 
A)  A slowly evolving gene 
B)  A gene family 
C)  An open reading frame 
D)  A highly repetitive sequence 
E)  A promoter

Question 5

Increasing the activity of myostatin in a dog would most likely lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  increased muscle development. 
B)  decreased muscle development. 
C)  increased size. 
D)  decreased size. 
E)  a change in coat color. 
A)  increased muscle development. 
B)  decreased muscle development. 
C)  increased size. 
D)  decreased size. 
E)  a change in coat color.

Question 6

Which statement about yeasts is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are always haploid. 
B)  Most have between 5,000 and 10,000 genes. 
C)  They typically have linear chromosomes. 
D)  They typically have membrane-enclosed organelles. 
E)  They have about as many genes as bacteria devoted to performing the basic functions of cell survival. 
A)  They are always haploid. 
B)  Most have between 5,000 and 10,000 genes. 
C)  They typically have linear chromosomes. 
D)  They typically have membrane-enclosed organelles. 
E)  They have about as many genes as bacteria devoted to performing the basic functions of cell survival.

Question 7

A biologist is using computer programs and mathematical tools to assemble a large sequence of DNA from the data provided by multiple parallel runs of high-throughput sequencing.The term that best describes this biologist's field of study is

Accepted Answer

A)  functional genomics. 
B)  comparative genomics. 
C)  metagenomics. 
D)  biodiversity. 
E)  bioinformatics. 
A)  functional genomics. 
B)  comparative genomics. 
C)  metagenomics. 
D)  biodiversity. 
E)  bioinformatics.

Question 8

Haplotypes are made up of

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA microarrays. 
B)  oligonucleotides. 
C)  single nucleotide polymorphisms. 
D)  short tandem repeats. 
E)  DNA fingerprints. 
A)  DNA microarrays. 
B)  oligonucleotides. 
C)  single nucleotide polymorphisms. 
D)  short tandem repeats. 
E)  DNA fingerprints.

Question 9

Use the following to answer questions :
The hypothetical anti-anxiety drug Epitome is inactive when taken,but it is activated by the rasputin enzyme a few hours after injection.Alleles 1 and 2 of the gene that encodes rasputin have similar activity levels.Individuals with one or both copies of allele 3,which is very rare,have much higher levels of enzyme activity.Individuals who have both copies of allele 4 have much lower levels of enzyme activity.Heterozygotes of allele 4 have normal levels of enzyme activity.
-The individuals who are most likely to experience negative side effects from Epitome are those whose genotype has one copy of allele _______ and one copy of allele _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  1;2 
B)  2;3 
C)  2;4 
D)  2;2 
E)  4;4 
A)  1;2 
B)  2;3 
C)  2;4 
D)  2;2 
E)  4;4

Question 10

Suppose that the ratio of the number of protein-coding genes in the typical eukaryote genome to the number of protein-coding genes in the typical prokaryote genome is signified as X.The ratio of total genome size in the typical eukaryote to the total genome size in the typical prokaryote is Y.Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  X is greater than Y,and Y is greater than 1. 
B)  X is greater than 1,and Y is less than 1. 
C)  Y is greater than X,and X is greater than 1. 
D)  Y is greater than 1,and X is less than 1. 
E)  Both X and Y are less than 1. 
A)  X is greater than Y,and Y is greater than 1. 
B)  X is greater than 1,and Y is less than 1. 
C)  Y is greater than X,and X is greater than 1. 
D)  Y is greater than 1,and X is less than 1. 
E)  Both X and Y are less than 1.

Question 11

In which field would a scientist most likely use mass spectrometry?

Accepted Answer

A)  Comparative genomics 
B)  Functional genomics 
C)  Metagenomics 
D)  Proteomics 
E)  Spectomics 
A)  Comparative genomics 
B)  Functional genomics 
C)  Metagenomics 
D)  Proteomics 
E)  Spectomics

Question 12

Studies find that a bacterium of the genus Buchnera has been living as a parasite of aphids for many millions of years.This bacterium lacks certain genes that are involved in the production of the cell wall found in other related bacteria.The field of biology in which such studies were carried out is called

Accepted Answer

A)  metagenomics. 
B)  eukaryotic genomics. 
C)  proteomics. 
D)  comparative genomics. 
E)  haplotype mapping. 
A)  metagenomics. 
B)  eukaryotic genomics. 
C)  proteomics. 
D)  comparative genomics. 
E)  haplotype mapping.

Question 13

At STR-1,an individual has an allele with a frequency of 0.08.At STR-2,the allele has a frequency of 0.03.At STR-3,the allele has a frequency of 0.05.At STR-4,the allele has a frequency of 0.01.Assuming that the alleles at each of these STRs are inherited independently from one another (i.e. ,that the allele at any given STR is not dependent on the alleles at any of the other STRs),the probability that an individual will have all of these alleles is about 1 in

Accepted Answer

A)  1,000. 
B)  10,000. 
C)  100,000. 
D)  1 million. 
E)  1 billion. 
A)  1,000. 
B)  10,000. 
C)  100,000. 
D)  1 million. 
E)  1 billion.

Question 14

What is the major difference between the DNA sequencing techniques developed by Sanger and others in the 1970s and high-throughput sequencing methods?

Accepted Answer

A)  High-throughput sequencing enables the direct sequencing of a chromosome from one end to the next. 
B)  Unlike the earlier technology,high-throughput sequencing involves cutting the DNA into fragments. 
C)  Unlike the earlier technology,high-throughput sequencing relies heavily on miniaturization techniques. 
D)  High-throughput sequencing involves chemical modification of nucleotides,whereas the earlier technology does not. 
E)  Unlike the earlier technology,high-throughput sequencing does not use PCR. 
A)  High-throughput sequencing enables the direct sequencing of a chromosome from one end to the next. 
B)  Unlike the earlier technology,high-throughput sequencing involves cutting the DNA into fragments. 
C)  Unlike the earlier technology,high-throughput sequencing relies heavily on miniaturization techniques. 
D)  High-throughput sequencing involves chemical modification of nucleotides,whereas the earlier technology does not. 
E)  Unlike the earlier technology,high-throughput sequencing does not use PCR.

Question 15

Which statement about dogs and dog genomes is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dogs vary tremendously in size and shape because they were domesticated from many different,and different looking,species of wolves. 
B)  Most of the genes of dogs have close counterparts to genes in humans. 
C)  Many of the diseases of dogs have close counterparts to diseases in humans. 
D)  Genetic markers can be used to determine the location of genes that influence traits in dogs. 
E)  The molecular methods used to analyze dogs have been applied to many other animals. 
A)  Dogs vary tremendously in size and shape because they were domesticated from many different,and different looking,species of wolves. 
B)  Most of the genes of dogs have close counterparts to genes in humans. 
C)  Many of the diseases of dogs have close counterparts to diseases in humans. 
D)  Genetic markers can be used to determine the location of genes that influence traits in dogs. 
E)  The molecular methods used to analyze dogs have been applied to many other animals.

Question 16

Which type of sequence is likely to be found in a eukaryotic genome but not in a prokaryotic genome?

Accepted Answer

A)  Regulatory sequences 
B)  Coding sequences 
C)  Open reading frames 
D)  RNA genes 
E)  Telomeric sequences 
A)  Regulatory sequences 
B)  Coding sequences 
C)  Open reading frames 
D)  RNA genes 
E)  Telomeric sequences

Question 17

Which statement about Mycoplasma genitalium is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It lacks many genes common in other bacteria that are needed to synthesize amino acids. 
B)  It obtains many types of amino acids from the human urogenital tract. 
C)  It has a wide array of regulatory genes,many of which other bacteria lack. 
D)  Its genome is much smaller than that of E.coli. 
E)  It has limited biochemical flexibility. 
A)  It lacks many genes common in other bacteria that are needed to synthesize amino acids. 
B)  It obtains many types of amino acids from the human urogenital tract. 
C)  It has a wide array of regulatory genes,many of which other bacteria lack. 
D)  Its genome is much smaller than that of E.coli. 
E)  It has limited biochemical flexibility.

Question 18

The Alu element,which accounts for over 10 percent of the human genome,is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A)  LINE. 
B)  SINE. 
C)  halotype. 
D)  globin gene. 
E)  DNA transposon. 
A)  LINE. 
B)  SINE. 
C)  halotype. 
D)  globin gene. 
E)  DNA transposon.

Question 19

Which statement about pseudogenes is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  There often is little selective pressure to get rid of pseudogenes. 
B)  The sequences of a pseudogene and its functional counterpart are always very different. 
C)  Within a gene family,pseudogenes cannot outnumber functional genes. 
D)  Pseudogenes are found in multiple copies in order to maximize the production of the gene product. 
E)  Pseudogenes are the same as highly repetitive sequences. 
A)  There often is little selective pressure to get rid of pseudogenes. 
B)  The sequences of a pseudogene and its functional counterpart are always very different. 
C)  Within a gene family,pseudogenes cannot outnumber functional genes. 
D)  Pseudogenes are found in multiple copies in order to maximize the production of the gene product. 
E)  Pseudogenes are the same as highly repetitive sequences.

Question 20

The first free-living organism to have its complete genome sequenced was

Accepted Answer

A)  the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae. 
B)  the bacterium Mycoplasma genitalium. 
C)  the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. 
D)  the typhus-causing bacterium Rickettsia prowazekii. 
E)  E.coli strain 0157:H7. 
A)  the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae. 
B)  the bacterium Mycoplasma genitalium. 
C)  the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. 
D)  the typhus-causing bacterium Rickettsia prowazekii. 
E)  E.coli strain 0157:H7.

Exam 12: Genomes

A sequence contains an open reading frame that begins with a start codon.Most likely,it

Compared to a typical bacterial genome,the genome of a single-cell eukaryote will likely have many more genes devoted to

A piece of DNA that is 3 kb in length is found in many locations throughout the genome.How would you decide whether this was a LINE or a DNA transposon?

Which of the following is most likely to be associated with heterochromatin?

Increasing the activity of myostatin in a dog would most likely lead to

Which statement about yeasts is false?

A biologist is using computer programs and mathematical tools to assemble a large sequence of DNA from the data provided by multiple parallel runs of high-throughput sequencing.The term that best describes this biologist's field of study is

Haplotypes are made up of

In which field would a scientist most likely use mass spectrometry?

What is the major difference between the DNA sequencing techniques developed by Sanger and others in the 1970s and high-throughput sequencing methods?

Which statement about dogs and dog genomes is false?

Which type of sequence is likely to be found in a eukaryotic genome but not in a prokaryotic genome?

Which statement about Mycoplasma genitalium is false?

The Alu element,which accounts for over 10 percent of the human genome,is an example of a

Which statement about pseudogenes is true?

The first free-living organism to have its complete genome sequenced was

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters