Question 1

Cell division in a primary root originates in which region of the root?

Accepted Answer

A)  Throughout the root 
B)  Root cap 
C)  Zone of elongation 
D)  Zone of maturation 
E)  Root apical meristem 
A)  Throughout the root 
B)  Root cap 
C)  Zone of elongation 
D)  Zone of maturation 
E)  Root apical meristem E

Question 2

A student observing a root cross section under the microscope sees a large central area of pith surrounded by rings of xylem and phloem.This plant is most likely a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  eudicot. 
B)  monocot. 
C)  woody plant. 
D)  young,undeveloped plant. 
E)  old plant with a dying root. 
A)  eudicot. 
B)  monocot. 
C)  woody plant. 
D)  young,undeveloped plant. 
E)  old plant with a dying root. B

Question 3

In the growing root,cells divide to form new cells in which region or regions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only in the apical meristem 
B)  In the apical meristem and zone of division 
C)  In the zone of elongation 
D)  In the zone of maturation 
E)  In all zones until root growth is complete 
A)  Only in the apical meristem 
B)  In the apical meristem and zone of division 
C)  In the zone of elongation 
D)  In the zone of maturation 
E)  In all zones until root growth is complete B

Question 4

Shoot and root meristems are alike in that they both

Accepted Answer

A)  form vascular bundles containing both xylem and phloem. 
B)  form leaves and axillary buds. 
C)  have a protective structure at the tip of the axillary bud. 
D)  form three primary meristems. 
E)  have vascular bundles scattered throughout their cross section. 
A)  form vascular bundles containing both xylem and phloem. 
B)  form leaves and axillary buds. 
C)  have a protective structure at the tip of the axillary bud. 
D)  form three primary meristems. 
E)  have vascular bundles scattered throughout their cross section.

Question 5

The most rapid rate of cell division occurs in what part of the growing root?

Accepted Answer

A)  Root tip 
B)  Quiescent center 
C)  The central portion 
D)  Near the bottom 
E)  Near the top 
A)  Root tip 
B)  Quiescent center 
C)  The central portion 
D)  Near the bottom 
E)  Near the top

Question 6

Bermuda grass grows rapidly and invades the surrounding area by sending root-forming stolons horizontally across the ground.This process represents the modification of a _______ for the purpose of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  root;support 
B)  root;protection 
C)  root;vegetative propagation 
D)  stem;support 
E)  stem;vegetative propagation 
A)  root;support 
B)  root;protection 
C)  root;vegetative propagation 
D)  stem;support 
E)  stem;vegetative propagation

Question 7

What is a major difference between tracheids and vessel elements?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tracheids are alive;vessel elements are dead. 
B)  Tracheids are dead;vessel elements are alive. 
C)  Tracheids are ground tissue;vessel elements are vascular tissue. 
D)  Tracheids are spindle-shaped;vessel elements are larger in diameter. 
E)  Tracheids transport sugars;vessel elements transport water and mineral ions. 
A)  Tracheids are alive;vessel elements are dead. 
B)  Tracheids are dead;vessel elements are alive. 
C)  Tracheids are ground tissue;vessel elements are vascular tissue. 
D)  Tracheids are spindle-shaped;vessel elements are larger in diameter. 
E)  Tracheids transport sugars;vessel elements transport water and mineral ions.

Question 8

Most of the diversity of plant size and form results from

Accepted Answer

A)  totipotency. 
B)  the wide variety of pollinators. 
C)  their stationary (sessile)lifestyle. 
D)  many variations on a simple structural organization. 
E)  the direction of sunlight relative to the plant axis. 
A)  totipotency. 
B)  the wide variety of pollinators. 
C)  their stationary (sessile)lifestyle. 
D)  many variations on a simple structural organization. 
E)  the direction of sunlight relative to the plant axis.

Question 9

Plant growth in an oak tree results from

Accepted Answer

A)  a single undifferentiated apical meristem. 
B)  single differentiated apical and root meristems. 
C)  single undifferentiated apical and root meristems. 
D)  an apical meristem that differentiates into three primary meristems. 
E)  an apical meristem that differentiates into three primary meristems plus lateral meristems. 
A)  a single undifferentiated apical meristem. 
B)  single differentiated apical and root meristems. 
C)  single undifferentiated apical and root meristems. 
D)  an apical meristem that differentiates into three primary meristems. 
E)  an apical meristem that differentiates into three primary meristems plus lateral meristems.

Question 10

Which statement about plant form and plant genetics is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Small genetic differences can lead to large differences in plant form. 
B)  Small genetic differences lead to only small differences in plant form. 
C)  Large genetic differences are necessary for large differences in plant forms. 
D)  Most plant species show little variation in form and little genetic variation. 
E)  Most plant species show great variation in form,but the genetic reasons are unknown. 
A)  Small genetic differences can lead to large differences in plant form. 
B)  Small genetic differences lead to only small differences in plant form. 
C)  Large genetic differences are necessary for large differences in plant forms. 
D)  Most plant species show little variation in form and little genetic variation. 
E)  Most plant species show great variation in form,but the genetic reasons are unknown.

Question 11

An organized group of cells with common features,working together as a structural and functional unit,is a(an)

Accepted Answer

A)  organism. 
B)  organ. 
C)  organ system. 
D)  tissue. 
E)  tissue system. 
A)  organism. 
B)  organ. 
C)  organ system. 
D)  tissue. 
E)  tissue system.

Question 12

Some plants have a root system that may be as much as 130 times larger than the shoot system.What is a major function of this vast root structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  To support the aboveground plant structure 
B)  To enable regrowth if the shoot system is destroyed 
C)  To provide surface area for absorbing water and soil nutrients 
D)  To provide habitat for soil organisms that protect the plant 
E)  To provide protection against potentially damaging soil organisms 
A)  To support the aboveground plant structure 
B)  To enable regrowth if the shoot system is destroyed 
C)  To provide surface area for absorbing water and soil nutrients 
D)  To provide habitat for soil organisms that protect the plant 
E)  To provide protection against potentially damaging soil organisms

Question 13

Which statement about primary growth is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It occurs in palms. 
B)  It occurs in eudicots and monocots. 
C)  It derives from the shoot apical meristem. 
D)  It functions primarily to increase the plant's thickness. 
E)  It involves the proliferation of roots and shoots through branching. 
A)  It occurs in palms. 
B)  It occurs in eudicots and monocots. 
C)  It derives from the shoot apical meristem. 
D)  It functions primarily to increase the plant's thickness. 
E)  It involves the proliferation of roots and shoots through branching.

Question 14

Grasses and orchids are examples of

Accepted Answer

A)  monocots. 
B)  eudicots. 
C)  gymnosperms. 
D)  bryophytes. 
E)  pteridophytes. 
A)  monocots. 
B)  eudicots. 
C)  gymnosperms. 
D)  bryophytes. 
E)  pteridophytes.

Question 15

The roots and shoots of plants show _______ growth,meaning that they continue to grow throughout life;in contrast,most leaves and flowers show _______ growth,meaning that they reach an adult state and stop growing.

Accepted Answer

A)  determinate;indeterminate 
B)  complex;simple 
C)  simple;complex 
D)  indeterminate;determinate 
E)  incomplete;complete 
A)  determinate;indeterminate 
B)  complex;simple 
C)  simple;complex 
D)  indeterminate;determinate 
E)  incomplete;complete

Question 16

In which of the following states would you be least likely to find clear annual rings in eudicot tree trunks?

Accepted Answer

A)  Maine 
B)  Washington 
C)  Kansas 
D)  Alaska 
E)  Florida 
A)  Maine 
B)  Washington 
C)  Kansas 
D)  Alaska 
E)  Florida

Question 17

In the development of a root,the protoderm gives rise to the epidermis,which in turn may give rise to

Accepted Answer

A)  suberin. 
B)  lateral roots. 
C)  root hairs. 
D)  storage cells. 
E)  meristem tissue. 
A)  suberin. 
B)  lateral roots. 
C)  root hairs. 
D)  storage cells. 
E)  meristem tissue.

Question 18

Flowering plants have evolved many adaptations of their basic organs to adapt to specific environmental conditions.Which type of specialized root adaptation would be most advantageous for a woody plant living in a water-saturated environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aerial roots that contain pneumatophores to absorb oxygen 
B)  Aerial roots that attach to rough surfaces such as rock or brick 
C)  Strangler roots that form a network around a host tree's roots 
D)  Parasitic roots that penetrate the vascular tissue of a host plant 
E)  Epiphytic roots that cling to and receive nutrients from the bark of a host plant 
A)  Aerial roots that contain pneumatophores to absorb oxygen 
B)  Aerial roots that attach to rough surfaces such as rock or brick 
C)  Strangler roots that form a network around a host tree's roots 
D)  Parasitic roots that penetrate the vascular tissue of a host plant 
E)  Epiphytic roots that cling to and receive nutrients from the bark of a host plant

Question 19

A kind of grass has evolved to have very thick,reinforced cell walls,which make the plant very resistant to chewing by panda bears.This characteristic is most likely due to the presence in the grass leaves of

Accepted Answer

A)  plasmodesmata. 
B)  deposits of lignin. 
C)  deposits of cellulose. 
D)  large numbers of parenchyma cells. 
E)  a highly developed vascular system. 
A)  plasmodesmata. 
B)  deposits of lignin. 
C)  deposits of cellulose. 
D)  large numbers of parenchyma cells. 
E)  a highly developed vascular system.

Question 20

Growth in the diameter of the stems and roots,which is produced by vascular and cork cambia,is called _______ growth.

Accepted Answer

A)  modular 
B)  primary 
C)  secondary 
D)  tertiary 
E)  lateral 
A)  modular 
B)  primary 
C)  secondary 
D)  tertiary 
E)  lateral

Exam 24: The Plant Body

Cell division in a primary root originates in which region of the root?

A student observing a root cross section under the microscope sees a large central area of pith surrounded by rings of xylem and phloem.This plant is most likely a(n)

In the growing root,cells divide to form new cells in which region or regions?

Shoot and root meristems are alike in that they both

The most rapid rate of cell division occurs in what part of the growing root?

Bermuda grass grows rapidly and invades the surrounding area by sending root-forming stolons horizontally across the ground.This process represents the modification of a _______ for the purpose of _______.

What is a major difference between tracheids and vessel elements?

Most of the diversity of plant size and form results from

Plant growth in an oak tree results from

Which statement about plant form and plant genetics is true?

An organized group of cells with common features,working together as a structural and functional unit,is a(an)

Some plants have a root system that may be as much as 130 times larger than the shoot system.What is a major function of this vast root structure?

Which statement about primary growth is false?

Grasses and orchids are examples of

The roots and shoots of plants show _______ growth,meaning that they continue to grow throughout life;in contrast,most leaves and flowers show _______ growth,meaning that they reach an adult state and stop growing.

In which of the following states would you be least likely to find clear annual rings in eudicot tree trunks?

In the development of a root,the protoderm gives rise to the epidermis,which in turn may give rise to

Flowering plants have evolved many adaptations of their basic organs to adapt to specific environmental conditions.Which type of specialized root adaptation would be most advantageous for a woody plant living in a water-saturated environment?

A kind of grass has evolved to have very thick,reinforced cell walls,which make the plant very resistant to chewing by panda bears.This characteristic is most likely due to the presence in the grass leaves of

Growth in the diameter of the stems and roots,which is produced by vascular and cork cambia,is called _______ growth.

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

Bermuda grass grows rapidly and invades the surrounding area by sending root-forming stolons horizontally across the ground.This process represents the modification of a _ for the purpose of _.

The roots and shoots of plants show _ growth,meaning that they continue to grow throughout life;in contrast,most leaves and flowers show _ growth,meaning that they reach an adult state and stop growing.