Exam 43: Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

A beetle that was introduced to Hawaii some time ago,has rapidly increased in number,and now causes damage to native vegetation would be considered

A bacterium that infects a fly causes it harm and is completely dependent on the fly for survival and reproduction.Over time,however,adaptations by both the fly and the bacterium decrease the negative effects of the bacterium on the fly.We can thus say that the relationship has evolved from parasitism toward

Why did the elimination of wolves from Yellowstone National Park lead to a large reduction in the size of the aspen population?

Which activity would you not expect to see in a mutualism?

Mutualisms always involve an exchange of resources and/or services,which is often referred to as "biological _______."

Organisms that receive their energy from several trophic levels are said to be

John Muir said,"When we try to pick out anything by itself,we find it hitched to everything else in the Universe." Which process comes most closely to the idea expressed in Muir's statement?

What types of organisms do autotrophs feed on?

Leaf-cutter ants that tend fungal gardens protect their crop from mold by means of

Use the following to answer questions : There are two species of microbes,A and B,which can be grown together or separately.If G_A is the per capita growth rate of species A,G_B is the per capita growth rate of species B,D_A is the density of species A,and D_B is the density of species B,the per capita growth rates for each are the following: G_A = 0.18 - 0.019 D_A + 0.008 D_B G_B = 0.22 - 0.012 D_B + 0.005 D_A -If the density of A is 10 and the density of B is 20,the growth rate(s)of

The near extinction of the _______ and its replacement by oaks has contributed to fluctuations in the populations of rodents and ticks and therefore in the incidence of Lyme disease.

Two species of ducks live in a lake.One species feeds mainly near the shore,while the other prefers to forage in deeper waters.These species are engaged in _______.

The statement "It takes all the running you can do,just to keep in the same place" describes in colloquial terms to the phenomenon of

A rabbit unwittingly carrying a mite across the river at no cost to itself is one participant in a(n)_______ interaction.

A cow's rumen,or first stomach,provides the ideal environment for a variety of microbes.When a cow consumes grass,these microbes digest the grass,releasing nutrients both for their own and for the cow's use.While most of the microbes continue to live in the rumen,some of them are killed during the digestive process and provide additional nutrition for the cow.This complex relationship between the cow and her microbes has features of which two categories of interactions?

In a mutualism between a fruit tree and a frugivore,the tree provides _______ in exchange for _______.

When two species are competitors,rarity advantage is likely to lead to

The fecal matter from giraffes helps fertilize a particular species of plant,thus increasing the plant's ability to grow in a particular area.The plant has no effect on giraffes.The relationship between the giraffes and the plants is best described as

Which statement about mutualisms is false?

Use the following to answer questions : Refer to the figure below showing the population densities of two species of Paramecium grown separately and together. -Which species was affected more by the presence of the other,and how does this relate to the carrying capacity of each of these species in the absence of the other?