Question 1

Which sequence represents the most likely chronological order of events in the development of geographic speciation,from earliest to latest?

Accepted Answer

A)  Formation of a geographic barrier,development of reproductive isolation,genetic divergence 
B)  Formation of a geographic barrier,genetic divergence,development of reproductive isolation 
C)  Genetic divergence,formation of a geographic barrier,development of reproductive isolation 
D)  Genetic divergence,development of reproductive isolation,formation of a geographic barrier 
E)  Development of reproductive isolation,genetic divergence,formation of a geographic barrier 
A)  Formation of a geographic barrier,development of reproductive isolation,genetic divergence 
B)  Formation of a geographic barrier,genetic divergence,development of reproductive isolation 
C)  Genetic divergence,formation of a geographic barrier,development of reproductive isolation 
D)  Genetic divergence,development of reproductive isolation,formation of a geographic barrier 
E)  Development of reproductive isolation,genetic divergence,formation of a geographic barrier B

Question 2

Which conclusion is best supported by the results of the studies of apple maggot flies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Speciation requires geographic barriers. 
B)  More than one type of reproductive isolation can evolve during speciation. 
C)  Allopolyploidy is a frequent cause of speciation. 
D)  Autopolyploidy is a frequent cause of speciation. 
E)  Genetic drift is the main force driving the evolution of reproductive isolation. 
A)  Speciation requires geographic barriers. 
B)  More than one type of reproductive isolation can evolve during speciation. 
C)  Allopolyploidy is a frequent cause of speciation. 
D)  Autopolyploidy is a frequent cause of speciation. 
E)  Genetic drift is the main force driving the evolution of reproductive isolation. B

Question 3

The classification of organisms based on their appearance is an application of _______ species concept.

Accepted Answer

A)  the biological 
B)  Mayr's 
C)  a lineage 
D)  Dobzhansky's 
E)  a morphological 
A)  the biological 
B)  Mayr's 
C)  a lineage 
D)  Dobzhansky's 
E)  a morphological E

Question 4

What is the critical distinction between allopolyploidy and autopolyploidy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Allopolyploidy involves disruptive selection. 
B)  Autopolyploidy involves disruptive selection. 
C)  The mode of speciation in allopolyploidy is allopatric rather than sympatric. 
D)  Autopolyploidy requires genetic contribution from two different parental species. 
E)  Allopolyploidy requires genetic contribution from two different parental species. 
A)  Allopolyploidy involves disruptive selection. 
B)  Autopolyploidy involves disruptive selection. 
C)  The mode of speciation in allopolyploidy is allopatric rather than sympatric. 
D)  Autopolyploidy requires genetic contribution from two different parental species. 
E)  Allopolyploidy requires genetic contribution from two different parental species.

Question 5

Ginkgo trees are native to Asia but are now cultivated widely in North America.Thus,they are divided into two geographically separated groups.According to Mayr's framing of the biological species concept,these populations could be classified as belonging to the same species if they

Accepted Answer

A)  are reproductively isolated. 
B)  have formed a large hybrid zone. 
C)  exchange genes across the Pacific Ocean. 
D)  have different evolutionary ancestries. 
E)  are still potentially capable of exchanging genes. 
A)  are reproductively isolated. 
B)  have formed a large hybrid zone. 
C)  exchange genes across the Pacific Ocean. 
D)  have different evolutionary ancestries. 
E)  are still potentially capable of exchanging genes.

Question 6

The biological species concept emphasizes whether populations

Accepted Answer

A)  look the same. 
B)  share common ancestry. 
C)  have similar ecological requirements. 
D)  can have gene flow between them. 
E)  have similar biochemical pathways. 
A)  look the same. 
B)  share common ancestry. 
C)  have similar ecological requirements. 
D)  can have gene flow between them. 
E)  have similar biochemical pathways.

Question 7

Darwin's finches originated in

Accepted Answer

A)  North America. 
B)  South America. 
C)  Europe. 
D)  Australia. 
E)  Africa. 
A)  North America. 
B)  South America. 
C)  Europe. 
D)  Australia. 
E)  Africa.

Question 8

In Rice and Salt's experiments,flies became reproductively isolated from one another mainly because of

Accepted Answer

A)  chromosomal changes. 
B)  gene flow. 
C)  genetic drift. 
D)  evolved preferences for different habitats. 
E)  reinforcement. 
A)  chromosomal changes. 
B)  gene flow. 
C)  genetic drift. 
D)  evolved preferences for different habitats. 
E)  reinforcement.

Question 9

Which statement about Darwin's finches is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Several,but not all,of the finches eat mostly seeds. 
B)  There are more species of these finches than there are of the Hawaiian Drosophila. 
C)  They arose from at least three different mainland species. 
D)  They show little differentiation in their beak shape and differ mainly in their size. 
E)  None of the finches eat insects. 
A)  Several,but not all,of the finches eat mostly seeds. 
B)  There are more species of these finches than there are of the Hawaiian Drosophila. 
C)  They arose from at least three different mainland species. 
D)  They show little differentiation in their beak shape and differ mainly in their size. 
E)  None of the finches eat insects.

Question 10

Suppose one rodent species prefers to live on the beach and a closely related species prefers to live on higher ground.Although each species has the capacity to move to the other location,they remain in their locations,and therefore they do not mate with one another.These species thus exhibit _______ isolation.

Accepted Answer

A)  habitat 
B)  temporal 
C)  behavioral 
D)  mechanical 
E)  postzygotic 
A)  habitat 
B)  temporal 
C)  behavioral 
D)  mechanical 
E)  postzygotic

Question 11

The biological species concept is most closely associated with which scientist?

Accepted Answer

A)  Charles Darwin 
B)  Ernst Mayr 
C)  William Rice 
D)  Rosemary Grant 
E)  Carolus Linnaeus 
A)  Charles Darwin 
B)  Ernst Mayr 
C)  William Rice 
D)  Rosemary Grant 
E)  Carolus Linnaeus

Question 12

The sperm of one species of sea urchin is chemically incompatible with the eggs of a closely related species.This type of reproductive isolating barrier is called

Accepted Answer

A)  postzygotic isolation. 
B)  gametic isolation. 
C)  low hybrid zygote viability. 
D)  temporal isolation. 
E)  behavioral isolation 
A)  postzygotic isolation. 
B)  gametic isolation. 
C)  low hybrid zygote viability. 
D)  temporal isolation. 
E)  behavioral isolation

Question 13

Two closely related species of tomatoes hybridize.Hybridization disrupts meiosis,but otherwise the hybrids are normal.What phenomenon likely explains this result?

Accepted Answer

A)  Autopolyploidy 
B)  Allopolyploidy 
C)  Allopatric speciation 
D)  Mechanical isolation 
E)  Temporal isolation 
A)  Autopolyploidy 
B)  Allopolyploidy 
C)  Allopatric speciation 
D)  Mechanical isolation 
E)  Temporal isolation

Question 14

The Bruce spanworm and the winter moth are two closely related moth species,but the former flies during the day and the latter flies mainly at night.These differences contribute to the reduction of hybridization between these species.Based on this information,which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The moths exhibit postzygotic reproductive isolation. 
B)  The moths show temporal isolation. 
C)  The moths show habitat isolation. 
D)  The moths exhibit mechanical isolation. 
E)  Both a and b 
A)  The moths exhibit postzygotic reproductive isolation. 
B)  The moths show temporal isolation. 
C)  The moths show habitat isolation. 
D)  The moths exhibit mechanical isolation. 
E)  Both a and b

Question 15

Which mechanism can lead to selection against hybridization?

Accepted Answer

A)  Temporal isolation 
B)  Behavioral isolation 
C)  Mechanical isolation 
D)  Hybrid inviability 
E)  Habitat isolation 
A)  Temporal isolation 
B)  Behavioral isolation 
C)  Mechanical isolation 
D)  Hybrid inviability 
E)  Habitat isolation

Question 16

Which observation would pose the greatest challenge for applying a morphological species concept?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lack of sexual reproduction in a population 
B)  Populations separated by geographic distance 
C)  Populations that cannot be bred in the lab 
D)  Sexual dimorphism 
E)  Fossils separated by time 
A)  Lack of sexual reproduction in a population 
B)  Populations separated by geographic distance 
C)  Populations that cannot be bred in the lab 
D)  Sexual dimorphism 
E)  Fossils separated by time

Question 17

Which is a limitation of using only morphology to recognize species?

Accepted Answer

A)  This approach requires detailed knowledge of genetics and mating behavior. 
B)  Morphological variation rarely reflects reproductive isolation. 
C)  Genetically identical clones are always morphologically identical. 
D)  Morphology cannot be used in field guides. 
E)  This approach will not distinguish cryptic species. 
A)  This approach requires detailed knowledge of genetics and mating behavior. 
B)  Morphological variation rarely reflects reproductive isolation. 
C)  Genetically identical clones are always morphologically identical. 
D)  Morphology cannot be used in field guides. 
E)  This approach will not distinguish cryptic species.

Question 18

Natural selection never directly favors the evolution of which type of reproductive isolating barrier?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hybrid infertility 
B)  Gametic isolation 
C)  Behavioral isolation 
D)  Mechanical isolation 
E)  Temporal isolation 
A)  Hybrid infertility 
B)  Gametic isolation 
C)  Behavioral isolation 
D)  Mechanical isolation 
E)  Temporal isolation

Question 19

Which is not a prezygotic reproductive isolating barrier?

Accepted Answer

A)  Behavioral isolation 
B)  Mechanical isolation 
C)  Hybrid infertility 
D)  Temporal isolation 
E)  Gametic isolation 
A)  Behavioral isolation 
B)  Mechanical isolation 
C)  Hybrid infertility 
D)  Temporal isolation 
E)  Gametic isolation

Question 20

Differences in temperature and other environmental conditions can cause individuals of certain snail species to look different despite a lack of genetic divergence.This observation illustrates a limitation of using a strict _______ species concept.

Accepted Answer

A)  lineage 
B)  morphological 
C)  cryptic 
D)  biological 
E)  None of the above;it does not represent a challenge. 
A)  lineage 
B)  morphological 
C)  cryptic 
D)  biological 
E)  None of the above;it does not represent a challenge.

Exam 17: Speciation

Which sequence represents the most likely chronological order of events in the development of geographic speciation,from earliest to latest?

Which conclusion is best supported by the results of the studies of apple maggot flies?

The classification of organisms based on their appearance is an application of _______ species concept.

What is the critical distinction between allopolyploidy and autopolyploidy?

Ginkgo trees are native to Asia but are now cultivated widely in North America.Thus,they are divided into two geographically separated groups.According to Mayr's framing of the biological species concept,these populations could be classified as belonging to the same species if they

The biological species concept emphasizes whether populations

Darwin's finches originated in

In Rice and Salt's experiments,flies became reproductively isolated from one another mainly because of

Which statement about Darwin's finches is true?

The biological species concept is most closely associated with which scientist?

The sperm of one species of sea urchin is chemically incompatible with the eggs of a closely related species.This type of reproductive isolating barrier is called

Two closely related species of tomatoes hybridize.Hybridization disrupts meiosis,but otherwise the hybrids are normal.What phenomenon likely explains this result?

The Bruce spanworm and the winter moth are two closely related moth species,but the former flies during the day and the latter flies mainly at night.These differences contribute to the reduction of hybridization between these species.Based on this information,which statement is true?

Which mechanism can lead to selection against hybridization?

Which observation would pose the greatest challenge for applying a morphological species concept?

Which is a limitation of using only morphology to recognize species?

Natural selection never directly favors the evolution of which type of reproductive isolating barrier?

Which is not a prezygotic reproductive isolating barrier?

Differences in temperature and other environmental conditions can cause individuals of certain snail species to look different despite a lack of genetic divergence.This observation illustrates a limitation of using a strict _______ species concept.

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters