Question 1

The figure below shows structures found in a(n)_______.The structures labeled 1,2 and 3 represent _______,_______ and _______,in that order.

Accepted Answer

A)  animal;extracellular fibers;integrin;actin 
B)  animal;extracellular fibers;kinesin;microfilaments 
C)  plant;cellulose;plasmodesmata;ribosomes 
D)  plant;polysaccharides;cross-linked proteins;peroxisomes 
E)  bacterium;the peptidoglycan layer;linker-proteins;the cytoskeleton 
A)  animal;extracellular fibers;integrin;actin 
B)  animal;extracellular fibers;kinesin;microfilaments 
C)  plant;cellulose;plasmodesmata;ribosomes 
D)  plant;polysaccharides;cross-linked proteins;peroxisomes 
E)  bacterium;the peptidoglycan layer;linker-proteins;the cytoskeleton A

Question 2

Use the following to answer questions :
Refer to the figure below.  
-The electron micrograph shows a portion of a cell.This cell could have come from

Accepted Answer

A)  a bacterium,but not a protist. 
B)  an archaeon,but not a bacterium. 
C)  a plant,but not an animal. 
D)  a plant or animal,but not a bacterium. 
E)  an animal,but not a plant. 
A)  a bacterium,but not a protist. 
B)  an archaeon,but not a bacterium. 
C)  a plant,but not an animal. 
D)  a plant or animal,but not a bacterium. 
E)  an animal,but not a plant. D

Question 3

Which molecule will cross a cell membrane most easily?

Accepted Answer

A)  A large molecule such as hemoglobin 
B)  A small molecule such as glucose 
C)  Genetic material such as DNA 
D)  A highly polar molecule such as water 
E)  A lipid-soluble substance such as testosterone 
A)  A large molecule such as hemoglobin 
B)  A small molecule such as glucose 
C)  Genetic material such as DNA 
D)  A highly polar molecule such as water 
E)  A lipid-soluble substance such as testosterone E

Question 4

Which of the following represents is the correct arrangement of items in order of size,from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lipid molecule;carbon atom;bacterium;virus;plant cell 
B)  Bacterium;virus;carbon atom;lipid molecule;plant cell 
C)  Carbon atom;lipid molecule;virus;bacterium;plant cell 
D)  Plant cell;bacterium;virus;carbon atom;lipid molecule 
E)  Carbon atom;lipid molecule;bacterium;virus;plant cell 
A)  Lipid molecule;carbon atom;bacterium;virus;plant cell 
B)  Bacterium;virus;carbon atom;lipid molecule;plant cell 
C)  Carbon atom;lipid molecule;virus;bacterium;plant cell 
D)  Plant cell;bacterium;virus;carbon atom;lipid molecule 
E)  Carbon atom;lipid molecule;bacterium;virus;plant cell

Question 5

In mitochondria,the energy from "food" molecules (such as glucose)that is partially broken down in the cytosol is converted to

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP. 
B)  CTP. 
C)  GTP. 
D)  TTP. 
E)  UTP. 
A)  ATP. 
B)  CTP. 
C)  GTP. 
D)  TTP. 
E)  UTP.

Question 6

Your skeletal muscle cells use calcium ions to stimulate muscle contraction.To prevent a constant state of contraction,these calcium ions are stored in between contractions and released into the cytoplasm for a contraction.The structures used for storing the calcium ions are

Accepted Answer

A)  organelles derived from neighboring cells. 
B)  highly derived mitochondria that can also provide ATP. 
C)  extensions of the Golgi apparatus. 
D)  vesicles budded off from rough ER that do not fuse with the Golgi apparatus. 
E)  modifications of smooth ER within the muscle cells. 
A)  organelles derived from neighboring cells. 
B)  highly derived mitochondria that can also provide ATP. 
C)  extensions of the Golgi apparatus. 
D)  vesicles budded off from rough ER that do not fuse with the Golgi apparatus. 
E)  modifications of smooth ER within the muscle cells.

Question 7

If a cell needed to increase its surface area without changing its volume in order to carry out cellular processes more efficiently,it could do this most effectively

Accepted Answer

A)  by creating deep invaginations in the cell membrane. 
B)  by becoming spherical in shape. 
C)  by becoming flatter. 
D)  by becoming columnar-shaped (tall and narrow). 
E)  It is impossible for a cell to increase its surface area without changing its volume. 
A)  by creating deep invaginations in the cell membrane. 
B)  by becoming spherical in shape. 
C)  by becoming flatter. 
D)  by becoming columnar-shaped (tall and narrow). 
E)  It is impossible for a cell to increase its surface area without changing its volume.

Question 8

All cellular membranes

Accepted Answer

A)  regulate which materials can cross the membrane. 
B)  support the cell and determine its shape. 
C)  produce energy for the cell. 
D)  produce proteins for the cell. 
E)  move the cell. 
A)  regulate which materials can cross the membrane. 
B)  support the cell and determine its shape. 
C)  produce energy for the cell. 
D)  produce proteins for the cell. 
E)  move the cell.

Question 9

Certain cells in your pancreas make digestive enzymes that are secreted into ducts and carried to your small intestine.If you looked at these pancreatic cells by electron microscopy,you would expect to see

Accepted Answer

A)  large amounts of rough ER. 
B)  multiple nuclei per cell. 
C)  large numbers of primary lysosomes. 
D)  numerous cilia on the cell surfaces. 
E)  few ribosomes but numerous vacuoles. 
A)  large amounts of rough ER. 
B)  multiple nuclei per cell. 
C)  large numbers of primary lysosomes. 
D)  numerous cilia on the cell surfaces. 
E)  few ribosomes but numerous vacuoles.

Question 10

Ribosomes are the structures in which

Accepted Answer

A)  chemical energy is stored in the form of ATP. 
B)  cell division is controlled. 
C)  genetic information is used to make proteins. 
D)  sunlight energy is converted into chemical energy. 
E)  new organelles are made. 
A)  chemical energy is stored in the form of ATP. 
B)  cell division is controlled. 
C)  genetic information is used to make proteins. 
D)  sunlight energy is converted into chemical energy. 
E)  new organelles are made.

Question 11

As a living cell grows larger,in what ways do its metabolic processes change?

Accepted Answer

A)  Its need for resources increases. 
B)  Its rate of waste production decreases. 
C)  Movement of substances within the cell becomes faster. 
D)  The amount of surface area needed to support its metabolic processes decreases. 
E)  Its needs for nutrients decreases. 
A)  Its need for resources increases. 
B)  Its rate of waste production decreases. 
C)  Movement of substances within the cell becomes faster. 
D)  The amount of surface area needed to support its metabolic processes decreases. 
E)  Its needs for nutrients decreases.

Question 12

Most cells are small because

Accepted Answer

A)  a reduced surface area-to-volume ratio increases metabolic rates within the cell. 
B)  a larger surface area-to-volume ratio increases the efficiency of processes within the cell. 
C)  small cells are able to live longer than large cells. 
D)  small cells lose less heat to the environment than large cells. 
E)  it is easier to package small cells within a cell wall. 
A)  a reduced surface area-to-volume ratio increases metabolic rates within the cell. 
B)  a larger surface area-to-volume ratio increases the efficiency of processes within the cell. 
C)  small cells are able to live longer than large cells. 
D)  small cells lose less heat to the environment than large cells. 
E)  it is easier to package small cells within a cell wall.

Question 13

In a plant cell,the genes that code for all the proteins found in a chloroplast are located in the

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleus. 
B)  nucleiod. 
C)  DNA of the chloroplast. 
D)  thylakoids. 
E)  nuclear and chloroplast DNA. 
A)  nucleus. 
B)  nucleiod. 
C)  DNA of the chloroplast. 
D)  thylakoids. 
E)  nuclear and chloroplast DNA.

Question 14

What is the major distinction between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  The DNA in a prokaryotic cell is not separated from the ribosomes. 
B)  A prokaryotic cell does not have RNA. 
C)  A prokaryotic cell is larger than a eukaryotic cell. 
D)  Prokaryotic cells can build tissues but not organs. 
E)  A prokaryotic cell is functionally simpler than a eukaryotic cell and its biochemical reactions occur more slowly. 
A)  The DNA in a prokaryotic cell is not separated from the ribosomes. 
B)  A prokaryotic cell does not have RNA. 
C)  A prokaryotic cell is larger than a eukaryotic cell. 
D)  Prokaryotic cells can build tissues but not organs. 
E)  A prokaryotic cell is functionally simpler than a eukaryotic cell and its biochemical reactions occur more slowly.

Question 15

Refer to the figure below showing a time-lapse series of vesicles being moved along a cytoskeletal structure in the direction of the arrow.The minus (‒)and plus (+)ends of the cytoskeletal structure are indicated.The most likely explanation for the movement of the vesicles is that they are being moved along a(n)_______ by _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  intermediate filament such as a hair;the flowing movement of the cytoplasm 
B)  microfilament;cytoplasmic streaming 
C)  actin microfilament;a motor protein such as myosin 
D)  microtubule;a motor protein such as kinesin 
E)  microtubule;a motor protein such as dynein 
A)  intermediate filament such as a hair;the flowing movement of the cytoplasm 
B)  microfilament;cytoplasmic streaming 
C)  actin microfilament;a motor protein such as myosin 
D)  microtubule;a motor protein such as kinesin 
E)  microtubule;a motor protein such as dynein

Question 16

In the process of centrifuging a cell homogenate in a centrifuge tube,the cell structures are separated according to size and _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the process of centrifuging a cell...

Question 17

If the inner membrane of a mitochondrion were not folded to create cristae,

Accepted Answer

A)  the mitochondrion would not be able to make as much ATP. 
B)  the outer membrane would become as permeable to macromolecules as the inner membrane is. 
C)  the production of glucose within the mitochondrion would decrease. 
D)  the mitochondrion would not be as efficient at using solar energy to make ATP. 
E)  the mitochondrion would not be able to maintain its shape. 
A)  the mitochondrion would not be able to make as much ATP. 
B)  the outer membrane would become as permeable to macromolecules as the inner membrane is. 
C)  the production of glucose within the mitochondrion would decrease. 
D)  the mitochondrion would not be as efficient at using solar energy to make ATP. 
E)  the mitochondrion would not be able to maintain its shape.

Question 18

The folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane

Accepted Answer

A)  increase the volume of the mitochondrial matrix. 
B)  decrease the surface-to-volume ratio of the mitochondrion. 
C)  create a large membrane surface for reactions within the mitochondrion. 
D)  increase the number of ribosomes within the membrane. 
E)  enclose the mitochondrial DNA in a double membrane. 
A)  increase the volume of the mitochondrial matrix. 
B)  decrease the surface-to-volume ratio of the mitochondrion. 
C)  create a large membrane surface for reactions within the mitochondrion. 
D)  increase the number of ribosomes within the membrane. 
E)  enclose the mitochondrial DNA in a double membrane.

Question 19

Mitochondria and chloroplasts differ in that

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondria contain DNA,but chloroplasts do not. 
B)  chloroplasts contain DNA,but mitochondria do not. 
C)  mitochondria harvest chemical energy,whereas chloroplasts convert light energy into chemical energy. 
D)  mitochondria are enclosed within one membrane,whereas chloroplasts are enclosed within two. 
E)  mitochondria have extensive infoldings of membrane,whereas chloroplasts do not have extensive internal membranes. 
A)  mitochondria contain DNA,but chloroplasts do not. 
B)  chloroplasts contain DNA,but mitochondria do not. 
C)  mitochondria harvest chemical energy,whereas chloroplasts convert light energy into chemical energy. 
D)  mitochondria are enclosed within one membrane,whereas chloroplasts are enclosed within two. 
E)  mitochondria have extensive infoldings of membrane,whereas chloroplasts do not have extensive internal membranes.

Question 20

If you wanted to stain the ribosomes in a cell,you could use a dye that stains

Accepted Answer

A)  carbohydrates. 
B)  nucleic acids. 
C)  fatty acids. 
D)  basic (as opposed to acidic)components. 
E)  phospholipids. 
A)  carbohydrates. 
B)  nucleic acids. 
C)  fatty acids. 
D)  basic (as opposed to acidic)components. 
E)  phospholipids.

Exam 4: Cells: the Working Units of Life

The figure below shows structures found in a(n)_______.The structures labeled 1,2 and 3 represent _______,_______ and _______,in that order.

Use the following to answer questions : Refer to the figure below. -The electron micrograph shows a portion of a cell.This cell could have come from

Which molecule will cross a cell membrane most easily?

Which of the following represents is the correct arrangement of items in order of size,from smallest to largest?

In mitochondria,the energy from "food" molecules (such as glucose)that is partially broken down in the cytosol is converted to

Your skeletal muscle cells use calcium ions to stimulate muscle contraction.To prevent a constant state of contraction,these calcium ions are stored in between contractions and released into the cytoplasm for a contraction.The structures used for storing the calcium ions are

If a cell needed to increase its surface area without changing its volume in order to carry out cellular processes more efficiently,it could do this most effectively

All cellular membranes

Certain cells in your pancreas make digestive enzymes that are secreted into ducts and carried to your small intestine.If you looked at these pancreatic cells by electron microscopy,you would expect to see

Ribosomes are the structures in which

As a living cell grows larger,in what ways do its metabolic processes change?

Most cells are small because

In a plant cell,the genes that code for all the proteins found in a chloroplast are located in the

What is the major distinction between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell?

In the process of centrifuging a cell homogenate in a centrifuge tube,the cell structures are separated according to size and _______.

If the inner membrane of a mitochondrion were not folded to create cristae,

The folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane

Mitochondria and chloroplasts differ in that

If you wanted to stain the ribosomes in a cell,you could use a dye that stains

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

The figure below shows structures found in a(n)___.The structures labeled 1,2 and 3 represent _,_ and ___,in that order.