Question 1

When you read this question and your nervous system sends the information from your eyes to your brain,the information is carried by

Accepted Answer

A)  glial cells. 
B)  synapses. 
C)  interneurons. 
D)  afferent neurons. 
E)  efferent neurons. 
A)  glial cells. 
B)  synapses. 
C)  interneurons. 
D)  afferent neurons. 
E)  efferent neurons. D

Question 2

A cell membrane has an electrical polarity in which the outside is more negative than the inside.This cell membrane is

Accepted Answer

A)  depolarized and conducting an impulse. 
B)  polarized and conducting an impulse. 
C)  polarized and not conducting an impulse. 
D)  depolarized and not conducting an impulse. 
E)  repolarizing after conducting an impulse. 
A)  depolarized and conducting an impulse. 
B)  polarized and conducting an impulse. 
C)  polarized and not conducting an impulse. 
D)  depolarized and not conducting an impulse. 
E)  repolarizing after conducting an impulse. A

Question 3

What would most likely happen to an animal's sense of smell if the animal was unable to produce mucus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nothing;mucus production is unrelated to odor detection. 
B)  It would improve,because there would be a clearer path for odor molecules. 
C)  It would improve,because there would be less interference with odor detection. 
D)  It would be diminished,because odorant receptors are activated by regulatory molecules in the mucus. 
E)  It would be diminished,because odorant molecules must dissolve in the mucus to be detected. 
A)  Nothing;mucus production is unrelated to odor detection. 
B)  It would improve,because there would be a clearer path for odor molecules. 
C)  It would improve,because there would be less interference with odor detection. 
D)  It would be diminished,because odorant receptors are activated by regulatory molecules in the mucus. 
E)  It would be diminished,because odorant molecules must dissolve in the mucus to be detected. E

Question 4

Besides neurons,which other type of cell is excitable?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glial cells 
B)  Blood cells 
C)  Muscle cells 
D)  Secretory cells 
E)  Epithelial cells 
A)  Glial cells 
B)  Blood cells 
C)  Muscle cells 
D)  Secretory cells 
E)  Epithelial cells

Question 5

If ATP was not available to run the cell's sodium-potassium pump,which function would stop?

Accepted Answer

A)  Leakage of K+ ions into the cell 
B)  Leakage of K+ ions out of the cell 
C)  Active transport of K+ to the outside of the cell 
D)  Active transport of Na+ to the inside of the cell 
E)  Active transport of Na+ to the outside of the cell 
A)  Leakage of K+ ions into the cell 
B)  Leakage of K+ ions out of the cell 
C)  Active transport of K+ to the outside of the cell 
D)  Active transport of Na+ to the inside of the cell 
E)  Active transport of Na+ to the outside of the cell

Question 6

Compared to a graded potential,an action potential is _______ and _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  larger;is an all-or-none event 
B)  smaller;is an all-or-none event 
C)  larger;can have a range of values 
D)  smaller;can have a range of values 
E)  larger;does not propagate along the axon 
A)  larger;is an all-or-none event 
B)  smaller;is an all-or-none event 
C)  larger;can have a range of values 
D)  smaller;can have a range of values 
E)  larger;does not propagate along the axon

Question 7

The network of nerves outside the brain and spinal cord is called the _______.

Accepted Answer

peripheral

Question 8

When you are playing catch and reach out to catch a ball,you are stimulating sensory receptors in your arm called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When you are playing catch and reach...

Question 9

Which step is not part of the sequence of events that triggers synaptic transmission from a neuron to a muscle fiber?

Accepted Answer

A)  Entry of Ca2+ into the presynaptic terminal 
B)  Release of norepinephrine into the synaptic cleft 
C)  Opening of Ca2+ channels in the presynaptic terminal 
D)  Arrival of an action potential at the presynaptic terminal 
E)  Fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane 
A)  Entry of Ca2+ into the presynaptic terminal 
B)  Release of norepinephrine into the synaptic cleft 
C)  Opening of Ca2+ channels in the presynaptic terminal 
D)  Arrival of an action potential at the presynaptic terminal 
E)  Fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane

Question 10

Which conditions would most likely have led to the evolution of electrical synapses rather than chemical synapses in a species?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conditions that require thinking 
B)  Conditions that require rapid escape 
C)  Conditions that require repetitive motion 
D)  Any conditions;electrical synapses are faster,so they are always more adaptive. 
E)  Any conditions;electrical synapses are stronger,so they are always more adaptive. 
A)  Conditions that require thinking 
B)  Conditions that require rapid escape 
C)  Conditions that require repetitive motion 
D)  Any conditions;electrical synapses are faster,so they are always more adaptive. 
E)  Any conditions;electrical synapses are stronger,so they are always more adaptive.

Question 11

After neurotransmitter molecules travel across the synaptic cleft and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic cell,remaining molecules in the synaptic cleft are removed rapidly.If the molecules were not removed,transmission of information would most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  continue at the same rate. 
B)  continue and become faster and faster. 
C)  continue and become stronger and stronger. 
D)  stop,because no information is arriving at the nerve terminal. 
E)  stop,because the membrane would lose its responsiveness. 
A)  continue at the same rate. 
B)  continue and become faster and faster. 
C)  continue and become stronger and stronger. 
D)  stop,because no information is arriving at the nerve terminal. 
E)  stop,because the membrane would lose its responsiveness.

Question 12

Which type of sensory receptor is not an ionotropic receptor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Touch receptor 
B)  Stretch receptor 
C)  Pressure receptor 
D)  Olfactory receptor 
E)  Heat and cold receptor 
A)  Touch receptor 
B)  Stretch receptor 
C)  Pressure receptor 
D)  Olfactory receptor 
E)  Heat and cold receptor

Question 13

Before a test,Amanda is jittery,and her heart rate and breathing rate increase.This suggests that her _______ nervous system is activated and is releasing _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  sympathetic;norepinephrine 
B)  sympathetic;acetylcholine 
C)  parasympathetic;norepinephrine 
D)  parasympathetic;acetylcholine 
E)  voluntary;acetylcholine 
A)  sympathetic;norepinephrine 
B)  sympathetic;acetylcholine 
C)  parasympathetic;norepinephrine 
D)  parasympathetic;acetylcholine 
E)  voluntary;acetylcholine

Question 14

Suppose the parasympathetic division of your autonomic nervous system is currently more active than the sympathetic division.Your body is most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  engaged in voluntary movement. 
B)  undergoing the fight-or-flight response. 
C)  experiencing an increased release of epinephrine. 
D)  experiencing increased heart rate and blood pressure. 
E)  experiencing increased digestion and decreased heart rate. 
A)  engaged in voluntary movement. 
B)  undergoing the fight-or-flight response. 
C)  experiencing an increased release of epinephrine. 
D)  experiencing increased heart rate and blood pressure. 
E)  experiencing increased digestion and decreased heart rate.

Question 15

Color vision in the human eye is possible because

Accepted Answer

A)  cones far outnumber rods in the retina. 
B)  the lens separates different wavelengths of light. 
C)  each cone cell can absorb all wavelengths of light equally. 
D)  cone cells have three types of rhodopsin,which respond to different wavelengths. 
E)  amacrine,horizontal,bipolar,and ganglion cells each respond to different wavelengths. 
A)  cones far outnumber rods in the retina. 
B)  the lens separates different wavelengths of light. 
C)  each cone cell can absorb all wavelengths of light equally. 
D)  cone cells have three types of rhodopsin,which respond to different wavelengths. 
E)  amacrine,horizontal,bipolar,and ganglion cells each respond to different wavelengths.

Question 16

Which is the correct order of the series of reactions set in motion when a rhodopsin molecule is activated?

Accepted Answer

A)  Activation of G protein,photon absorption,second messenger diffusion,closing of Na+ channels 
B)  Activation of G protein,second messenger diffusion,photon absorption,closing of Na+ channels 
C)  Closing of Na+ channels,activation of G protein,photon absorption,second messenger diffusion 
D)  Closing of Na+ channels,activation of G protein,second messenger diffusion,photon absorption 
E)  Photon absorption,activation of G protein,second messenger diffusion,closing of Na+ channels 
A)  Activation of G protein,photon absorption,second messenger diffusion,closing of Na+ channels 
B)  Activation of G protein,second messenger diffusion,photon absorption,closing of Na+ channels 
C)  Closing of Na+ channels,activation of G protein,photon absorption,second messenger diffusion 
D)  Closing of Na+ channels,activation of G protein,second messenger diffusion,photon absorption 
E)  Photon absorption,activation of G protein,second messenger diffusion,closing of Na+ channels

Question 17

When an action potential arrives at an axon terminal,it causes the opening of _______ channels,which triggers fusion of neurotransmitter vesicles with the cell membrane.

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium 
B)  chloride 
C)  calcium 
D)  potassium 
E)  acetylcholine 
A)  sodium 
B)  chloride 
C)  calcium 
D)  potassium 
E)  acetylcholine

Question 18

Which behavior might result from an injury to the amygdala?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sleeping incessantly 
B)  Mistaking a person for a hat 
C)  Perceiving the color red as blue 
D)  Misinterpreting the sound of a siren as music 
E)  Walking fearlessly in the middle of a busy highway 
A)  Sleeping incessantly 
B)  Mistaking a person for a hat 
C)  Perceiving the color red as blue 
D)  Misinterpreting the sound of a siren as music 
E)  Walking fearlessly in the middle of a busy highway

Question 19

Which statement accurately describes an action potential?

Accepted Answer

A)  Its magnitude increases along the axon. 
B)  Its magnitude decreases along the axon. 
C)  All action potentials in a single neuron are of the same magnitude. 
D)  During an action potential,the membrane potential of a neuron remains constant. 
E)  An action potential permanently shifts a neuron's membrane potential away from its resting value. 
A)  Its magnitude increases along the axon. 
B)  Its magnitude decreases along the axon. 
C)  All action potentials in a single neuron are of the same magnitude. 
D)  During an action potential,the membrane potential of a neuron remains constant. 
E)  An action potential permanently shifts a neuron's membrane potential away from its resting value.

Question 20

Which structure or structures in the human ear enable it to detect sounds of differing frequencies? Briefly explain how this occurs.

Accepted Answer

Frequency is discriminated in the cochle

Exam 34: Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

When you read this question and your nervous system sends the information from your eyes to your brain,the information is carried by

A cell membrane has an electrical polarity in which the outside is more negative than the inside.This cell membrane is

What would most likely happen to an animal's sense of smell if the animal was unable to produce mucus?

Besides neurons,which other type of cell is excitable?

If ATP was not available to run the cell's sodium-potassium pump,which function would stop?

Compared to a graded potential,an action potential is _______ and _______.

The network of nerves outside the brain and spinal cord is called the _______.

When you are playing catch and reach out to catch a ball,you are stimulating sensory receptors in your arm called _______.

Which step is not part of the sequence of events that triggers synaptic transmission from a neuron to a muscle fiber?

Which conditions would most likely have led to the evolution of electrical synapses rather than chemical synapses in a species?

After neurotransmitter molecules travel across the synaptic cleft and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic cell,remaining molecules in the synaptic cleft are removed rapidly.If the molecules were not removed,transmission of information would most likely

Which type of sensory receptor is not an ionotropic receptor?

Before a test,Amanda is jittery,and her heart rate and breathing rate increase.This suggests that her _______ nervous system is activated and is releasing _______.

Suppose the parasympathetic division of your autonomic nervous system is currently more active than the sympathetic division.Your body is most likely

Color vision in the human eye is possible because

Which is the correct order of the series of reactions set in motion when a rhodopsin molecule is activated?

When an action potential arrives at an axon terminal,it causes the opening of _______ channels,which triggers fusion of neurotransmitter vesicles with the cell membrane.

Which behavior might result from an injury to the amygdala?

Which statement accurately describes an action potential?

Which structure or structures in the human ear enable it to detect sounds of differing frequencies? Briefly explain how this occurs.

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

Compared to a graded potential,an action potential is _ and _.

Before a test,Amanda is jittery,and her heart rate and breathing rate increase.This suggests that her _ nervous system is activated and is releasing _.