Question 1

Which of the following sex and generation combinations most directly produces the megasporangium of pine ovules?

Accepted Answer

A) male gametophyte 
B) female gametophyte 
C) male sporophyte 
D) female sporophyte 
A) male gametophyte 
B) female gametophyte 
C) male sporophyte 
D) female sporophyte

Question 2

Which of the following were benefits to algae in the early oceans of Earth,compared to the first plants that colonized land?
1)no scarcity of water
2)less solar damage to tissues
3)the need for structural support
4)more plentiful dissolved carbon dioxide

Accepted Answer

A) 1,2,3,and 4 
B) 1 and 2 only 
C) 1,2,and 3 only 
D) 1,2,and 4 
A) 1,2,3,and 4 
B) 1 and 2 only 
C) 1,2,and 3 only 
D) 1,2,and 4

Question 3

Which trait(s)is (are)shared by many modern gymnosperms and angiosperms?
1)pollen transported by wind
2)lignified xylem
3)microscopic gametophytes
4)endosperm

Accepted Answer

A) 1 only 
B) 2 only 
C) 1 and 3 only 
D) 1,2,and 3 only 
E) 1,3,and 4 only 
A) 1 only 
B) 2 only 
C) 1 and 3 only 
D) 1,2,and 3 only 
E) 1,3,and 4 only

Question 4

Please use the following information to answer the questions below.
For several decades now,amphibian species worldwide have been in decline.A significant proportion of the decline seems to be due to the spread of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd).Chytrid sporangia reside within the epidermal cells of infected animals,animals that consequently show areas of sloughed skin.Infected animals can also be lethargic,which is expressed through failure to hide and failure to flee.The infection cycle typically takes four to five days,at the end of which zoospores are released from sporangia into the environment.Zoospores are spores of fungi (as well as some algae and protozoans)that use a flagella for swimming locomotion.In some amphibian species,mortality rates approach 100%;other species seem able to survive the infection.
-The chytrid sporangia reside within the amphibian epidermal cells.Consequently,which term(s)apply to Bd?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 1 and 3 only 
C) 2 and 4 only 
D) 2,3,and 5 only 
E) 2,4,and 5 only 
A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 1 and 3 only 
C) 2 and 4 only 
D) 2,3,and 5 only 
E) 2,4,and 5 only

Question 5

If intelligent extraterrestrials visited Earth 475 million years ago,and then again 300 million years ago (at the close of the Carboniferous period),what trends would they have noticed in Earth's terrestrial vegetation over this period?
1)a trend from dominant gametophytes to dominant sporophytes
2)a trend from no true leaves to microphylls to megaphylls
3)a trend from plants that grow just above the soil surface to "overtopping" plants
4)a trend toward increased lignification of conducting systems

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 3 and 4 only 
C) 1,2,and 3 only 
D) 1,2,3,and 4 
A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 3 and 4 only 
C) 1,2,and 3 only 
D) 1,2,3,and 4

Question 6

Which of the following statements correctly describes a portion of the pine life cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) Female gametophytes use mitosis to produce eggs. 
B) Seeds are produced in pollen-producing cones. 
C) Pollen grains contain female gametophytes. 
D) A pollen tube slowly digests its way through the triploid endosperm. 
A) Female gametophytes use mitosis to produce eggs. 
B) Seeds are produced in pollen-producing cones. 
C) Pollen grains contain female gametophytes. 
D) A pollen tube slowly digests its way through the triploid endosperm.

Question 7

The adaptive advantage associated with the filamentous nature of fungal mycelia is primarily related to

Accepted Answer

A) the ability to form haustoria and parasitize other organisms. 
B) avoiding sexual reproduction until the environment changes. 
C) the potential to inhabit almost all terrestrial habitats. 
D) an extensive surface area well suited for invasive growth and absorptive nutrition. 
A) the ability to form haustoria and parasitize other organisms. 
B) avoiding sexual reproduction until the environment changes. 
C) the potential to inhabit almost all terrestrial habitats. 
D) an extensive surface area well suited for invasive growth and absorptive nutrition.

Question 8

Which of the following is most important in making the typical seed more resistant to adverse conditions than the typical spore?

Accepted Answer

A) a different type of sporopollenin 
B) an internal reservoir of liquid water 
C) integument(s) 
D) ability to be dispersed 
E) waxy cuticle 
A) a different type of sporopollenin 
B) an internal reservoir of liquid water 
C) integument(s) 
D) ability to be dispersed 
E) waxy cuticle

Exam 26: The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

Which of the following sex and generation combinations most directly produces the megasporangium of pine ovules?

Which of the following were benefits to algae in the early oceans of Earth,compared to the first plants that colonized land? 1)no scarcity of water 2)less solar damage to tissues 3)the need for structural support 4)more plentiful dissolved carbon dioxide

Which trait(s)is (are)shared by many modern gymnosperms and angiosperms? 1)pollen transported by wind 2)lignified xylem 3)microscopic gametophytes 4)endosperm

Which of the following statements correctly describes a portion of the pine life cycle?

The adaptive advantage associated with the filamentous nature of fungal mycelia is primarily related to

Which of the following is most important in making the typical seed more resistant to adverse conditions than the typical spore?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development,stem Cells,and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition,nutrition,and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons,synapses,and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems and Energy

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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