Exam 26: The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The leaflike appendages of moss gametophytes may be one to two cell layers thick.Consequently,which of the following is least likely to be found associated with such appendages?

Adaptations in plants to life on land include I.rings of cellulose-synthesizing complexes. II.cuticles. III.tracheids. IV.reduced gametophyte generation. V.multicellular,dependent embryos.

Which of the following can be found in gymnosperms?

When pathogenic fungi are found growing on the roots of grape vines,grape farmers sometimes respond by covering the ground around their vines with plastic sheeting and pumping a gaseous fungicide into the soil.The most important concern of grape farmers who engage in this practice should be that the

Which of the following characteristics of plants is absent in their closest relatives,the charophyte algae?

Entrepreneurs attempted,but failed,to harvest nuts from plantations grown in Southeast Asia.Attempts to grow Brazil nut trees in South American plantations also failed.In both cases,the trees grew vigorously,produced healthy flowers in profusion,but set no fruit.Consequently,what is the likely source of the problem?

Which location is nearest to basidiocarps?

Please use the following information to answer the questions below. Oviparous (egg-laying)animals have internal fertilization (sperm cells encounter eggs within the female's body).Yolk and/or albumen is (are)provided to the embryo,and a shell is then deposited around the embryo and its food source.Eggs are subsequently deposited in an environment that promotes their further development or are incubated by one or both parents. -The internal fertilization that occurs in animals prior to shell deposition is analogous to which features of an angiosperm?

Ecologists often build models to depict the relationships between organisms.In such models,an arrow is used to link two organisms in a relationship.The arrowhead is next to the organism that is affected.If the effect is positive,the arrow is labeled with (+),and if negative,the label is (-). -Which of the following models best illustrates the relationship of the Brazil nut tree and the other organisms associated with it?

If the beetles survive by consuming cycad pollen,then whether the beetles should be considered mutualists with,or parasites of,the cycads depends upon

In seed plants,which of the following is part of a pollen grain and has a function most like that of the seed coat?

Please use the following information to answer the questions below. The cycads,a mostly tropical phylum of gymnosperms,evolved about 300 million years ago and were dominant forms during the age of the dinosaurs.Though their sperm are flagellated,their ovules are pollinated by beetles.These beetles get nutrition (they eat pollen)and shelter from microsporophylls (leaflike structures that contain microsporangia).Upon visiting megasporophylls (leaflike structures where megaspores are formed),the beetles transfer pollen to the exposed ovules.In cycads,pollen cones and seed cones are borne on different plants.Cycads synthesize neurotoxins,especially in the seeds,that are effective against most animals,including humans. -Which feature of cycads distinguishes them from most other gymnosperms? 1)They have exposed ovules. 2)They have flagellated sperm. 3)They are pollinated by animals.

Please use the following information to answer the questions below. Oviparous (egg-laying)animals have internal fertilization (sperm cells encounter eggs within the female's body).Yolk and/or albumen is (are)provided to the embryo,and a shell is then deposited around the embryo and its food source.Eggs are subsequently deposited in an environment that promotes their further development or are incubated by one or both parents. -The shell of an animal egg is analogous to which feature of an angiosperm?

Fossil fungi date back to the origin and early evolution of plants.What combination of environmental and morphological change is similar in the evolution of both fungi and plants?

All four locations are 0.5 m below the surface.On a breezy day with prevailing winds blowing from left to right,where should one expect to find the highest concentration of free basidiospores in an air sample?

Gymnosperms differ from both extinct and extant (living)ferns because they

Which of the following refers to symbiotic relationships that involve fungi living between the cells in plant leaves?

What adaptations should one expect of the seed coats of angiosperm species whose seeds are dispersed by frugivorous (fruit-eating)animals,as opposed to angiosperm species whose seeds are dispersed by other means? 1)The exterior of the seed coat should have barbs or hooks. 2)The seed coat should contain secondary compounds that irritate the lining of the animal's mouth. 3)The seed coat should be able to withstand low pH environments. 4)The seed coat,upon its complete digestion,should provide vitamins or nutrients to animals. 5)The seed coat should be resistant to the animals' digestive enzymes.

Considering that the mature sporophytes of true mosses get their nutrition from the gametophytes on which they grow,and considering these generations as individual plants,what is true of the relationship between true moss sporophytes and gametophytes?

Please use the following information to answer the questions below. A biology student hiking in a forest happens upon an erect,15-cm-tall plant that bears microphylls and a strobilus (a cone)at its tallest point.When disturbed,the cone emits a dense cloud of brownish dust.The student takes the dust back to the laboratory,where a microscope reveals the dust to be composed of tiny spheres with a high oil content. -This student has probably found a(n)