Question 1

DNA ligase closes nicks between ____ by forming ____ bonds. ​

Accepted Answer

A) nitrogenous bases; hydrogen ​ 
B) RNA fragments; noncovalent ​ 
C) DNA and RNA fragments; covalent 
D) DNA fragments; peptide 
E) DNA fragments; covalent  ​ 
A) nitrogenous bases; hydrogen ​ 
B) RNA fragments; noncovalent ​ 
C) DNA and RNA fragments; covalent 
D) DNA fragments; peptide 
E) DNA fragments; covalent  ​

Question 2

In the Hershey and Chase experiment, 32P was used to label ____ and 35S was used to label ____.

Accepted Answer

A) RNA; protein ​ 
B) protein; DNA 
C) phospholipids; protein 
D) protein; phospholipids ​ 
E) DNA; protein 
A) RNA; protein ​ 
B) protein; DNA 
C) phospholipids; protein 
D) protein; phospholipids ​ 
E) DNA; protein

Question 3

Match between columns
                        Premises: Main enzyme that extends RNA primer by adding DNA nucleotides to it

Accepted Answer

The Answer of DNA polymerase I and topoisomerase and single-stranded is...

Question 4

The genome of an organism contains 14% guanine; therefore, it's genome also contains ____% thymine and ____% cytosine. ​

Accepted Answer

A) 86; 14 ​ 
B) 14; 36 
C) 36; 36 
D) 14; 86 
E) 36; 14 
A) 86; 14 ​ 
B) 14; 36 
C) 36; 36 
D) 14; 86 
E) 36; 14

Question 5

Match between columns
                        Premises: single-stranded binding protein

Accepted Answer

The Answer of A and C and D and E is...

Question 6

Some research has indicated that increased exercise is linked to increased telomere length in renewable tissues, like blood. Assuming that telomerase levels are not increased by exercise, what might explain the increase in telomere length?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA replication occurred more frequently in individuals who exercised. ​ 
B) Cell division occurred more rapidly in individuals who exercised. 
C) Telomerase activity was higher in individuals who exercised. 
D) Telomerase activity was lower in individuals who exercised. 
E) Fewer DNA replication errors occurred in individuals who exercised. 
A) DNA replication occurred more frequently in individuals who exercised. ​ 
B) Cell division occurred more rapidly in individuals who exercised. 
C) Telomerase activity was higher in individuals who exercised. 
D) Telomerase activity was lower in individuals who exercised. 
E) Fewer DNA replication errors occurred in individuals who exercised.

Question 7

The two strands of a DNA double helix are said to be antiparallel. This means that ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) the 5' end of one strand is directly paired with the 5' end of the other strand ​ 
B) since the double helix twists, it is not perfectly parallel 
C) one strand has a negative charge and the other strand has a positive charge 
D) the 5' end of one strand is directly paired with the 3' end of the other strand 
E) both strands have a negative charge 
A) the 5' end of one strand is directly paired with the 5' end of the other strand ​ 
B) since the double helix twists, it is not perfectly parallel 
C) one strand has a negative charge and the other strand has a positive charge 
D) the 5' end of one strand is directly paired with the 3' end of the other strand 
E) both strands have a negative charge

Question 8

Cancer cells ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) maintain telomerase function ​ 
B) have longer telomeres than normal cells 
C) eventually die due to shortening chromosomes 
D) have circular chromosomes 
E) cannot replicate their DNA 
A) maintain telomerase function ​ 
B) have longer telomeres than normal cells 
C) eventually die due to shortening chromosomes 
D) have circular chromosomes 
E) cannot replicate their DNA

Question 9

Describe what happens to the nucleosome during DNA replication.

Accepted Answer

As DNA prepares to be replicated, the nu

Question 10

Match between columns
                        Premises: primase

Accepted Answer

The Answer of C and D and B and A is...

Question 11

Helicase ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) proofreads the newly synthesized DNA ​ 
B) relieves over-twisting ahead of the DNA replication fork 
C) rewinds the newly synthesized DNA strands into a double-stranded helix 
D) unwinds the double-stranded DNA helix 
E) binds DNA polymerase to the template strand 
A) proofreads the newly synthesized DNA ​ 
B) relieves over-twisting ahead of the DNA replication fork 
C) rewinds the newly synthesized DNA strands into a double-stranded helix 
D) unwinds the double-stranded DNA helix 
E) binds DNA polymerase to the template strand

Question 12

Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty showed that DNA was the transforming principle by demonstrating that mice survived when injected with a mixture of dead virulent bacteria and live nonvirulent bacteria that were treated with a DNA degrading enzyme. If RNA was the genetic material, what would have been the effect on the mice? Why?

Accepted Answer

The mice would die because DNA would be

Question 13

Proofreading by ____ corrects errors that occur during DNA replication. ​

Accepted Answer

A) DNA polymerase ​ 
B) primase 
C) telomerase 
D) DNA ligase 
E) helicase 
A) DNA polymerase ​ 
B) primase 
C) telomerase 
D) DNA ligase 
E) helicase

Question 14

Match between columns
                        Premises: Synthesizes short RNA segment to initiate new DNA strand

Accepted Answer

The Answer of sliding clamp and DNA ligase and helicase is...

Question 15

The transforming principle described by Griffith in his work with Streptococcus pneumoniae is ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) a polysaccharide capsule 
B) a phospholipid 
C) protein 
D) RNA 
E) DNA 
A) a polysaccharide capsule 
B) a phospholipid 
C) protein 
D) RNA 
E) DNA

Question 16

Which statement correctly describes DNA base pairing?

Accepted Answer

A) Two hydrogen bonds bind A and T; three hydrogen bonds bind G and C. ​ 
B) Two hydrogen bonds bind A and C; three hydrogen bonds bind T and G. 
C) Two hydrogen bonds bind G and C; three hydrogen bonds bind A and T. 
D) Two hydrogen bonds bind A and T, and two hydrogen bonds bind G and C. 
E) Three hydrogen bonds bind A and C, and three hydrogen bonds bind T and G. 
A) Two hydrogen bonds bind A and T; three hydrogen bonds bind G and C. ​ 
B) Two hydrogen bonds bind A and C; three hydrogen bonds bind T and G. 
C) Two hydrogen bonds bind G and C; three hydrogen bonds bind A and T. 
D) Two hydrogen bonds bind A and T, and two hydrogen bonds bind G and C. 
E) Three hydrogen bonds bind A and C, and three hydrogen bonds bind T and G.

Question 17

What are two main reasons why DNA mutations are so rare?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase has a proofreading activi

Question 18

Reiji Okazaki discovered what are now called "Okazaki fragments" produced during DNA replication. These fragments are ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) short lengths of new DNA on the leading strand 
B) RNA primers on the lagging strand 
C) RNA primers on both the lagging and leading strand 
D) short lengths of new DNA on the lagging strand 
E) RNA primers on the leading strand 
A) short lengths of new DNA on the leading strand 
B) RNA primers on the lagging strand 
C) RNA primers on both the lagging and leading strand 
D) short lengths of new DNA on the lagging strand 
E) RNA primers on the leading strand

Question 19

Individuals with xeroderma pigmentosum inherit a faulty DNA repair mechanism. As a consequence, ____.

Accepted Answer

A) they are sterile 
B) their cells have no proofreading abilities during DNA replication 
C) Okazaki fragments produced during DNA replication cannot be joined 
D) they easily develop skin cancer when exposed to sunlight 
E) their telomeres are shorter than average 
A) they are sterile 
B) their cells have no proofreading abilities during DNA replication 
C) Okazaki fragments produced during DNA replication cannot be joined 
D) they easily develop skin cancer when exposed to sunlight 
E) their telomeres are shorter than average

Question 20

Why is DNA ligase most active on the lagging strand during DNA replication? ​

Accepted Answer

A) The lagging strands contain more short DNA segments than the leading strand, which are joined together by DNA ligase. 
B) The lagging strand is synthesized more slowly, and DNA ligase speeds up the DNA polymerase. 
C) The lagging strand synthesizes DNA in the 3' 5' direction. 
D) The lagging strand requires DNA ligase to couple the RNA primer to the Okazaki fragments. 
E) DNA ligase performs the function of RNA primase on the lagging strand. 
A) The lagging strands contain more short DNA segments than the leading strand, which are joined together by DNA ligase. 
B) The lagging strand is synthesized more slowly, and DNA ligase speeds up the DNA polymerase. 
C) The lagging strand synthesizes DNA in the 3' 5' direction. 
D) The lagging strand requires DNA ligase to couple the RNA primer to the Okazaki fragments. 
E) DNA ligase performs the function of RNA primase on the lagging strand.

Exam 14: DNA Structure, Replication, and Organization

DNA ligase closes nicks between ____ by forming ____ bonds. ​

In the Hershey and Chase experiment, 32P was used to label ____ and 35S was used to label ____.

The genome of an organism contains 14% guanine; therefore, it's genome also contains ____% thymine and ____% cytosine. ​

Some research has indicated that increased exercise is linked to increased telomere length in renewable tissues, like blood. Assuming that telomerase levels are not increased by exercise, what might explain the increase in telomere length?

The two strands of a DNA double helix are said to be antiparallel. This means that ____. ​

Cancer cells ____. ​

Describe what happens to the nucleosome during DNA replication.

Helicase ____. ​

Proofreading by ____ corrects errors that occur during DNA replication. ​

The transforming principle described by Griffith in his work with Streptococcus pneumoniae is ____. ​

Which statement correctly describes DNA base pairing?

What are two main reasons why DNA mutations are so rare?

Reiji Okazaki discovered what are now called "Okazaki fragments" produced during DNA replication. These fragments are ____. ​

Individuals with xeroderma pigmentosum inherit a faulty DNA repair mechanism. As a consequence, ____.

Why is DNA ligase most active on the lagging strand during DNA replication? ​

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

From DNA to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technologies: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

Filters

DNA ligase closes nicks between by forming bonds.

In the Hershey and Chase experiment, ³²P was used to label and ³⁵S was used to label .

The genome of an organism contains 14% guanine; therefore, it's genome also contains % thymine and % cytosine.

The two strands of a DNA double helix are said to be antiparallel. This means that ____.

Cancer cells ____.

Helicase ____.

Proofreading by ____ corrects errors that occur during DNA replication.

The transforming principle described by Griffith in his work with Streptococcus pneumoniae is ____.

Reiji Okazaki discovered what are now called "Okazaki fragments" produced during DNA replication. These fragments are ____.

Why is DNA ligase most active on the lagging strand during DNA replication?