Question 1

In which process are existing protein regions or domains mixed in novel combinations to produce new proteins? ​

Accepted Answer

A) alternative splicing 
B) degeneracy 
C) exon shuffling 
D) the wobble hypothesis 
E) aminoacylation 
A) alternative splicing 
B) degeneracy 
C) exon shuffling 
D) the wobble hypothesis 
E) aminoacylation

Question 2

Match between columns
                        Premises: Start codon

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Amino-acid coding sequence retained in mature mRNA is...

Question 3

With minor exceptions, the genetic code ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) is the same for all living organisms and viruses 
B) is specialized so that viruses use a different code than all living organisms 
C) differs between different organisms and viruses 
D) is the same for all viruses and for single-celled organisms, but is more complex in multicellular organisms 
E) has three versions: one for viruses, one for single-celled organisms, and one for multicellular organisms 
A) is the same for all living organisms and viruses 
B) is specialized so that viruses use a different code than all living organisms 
C) differs between different organisms and viruses 
D) is the same for all viruses and for single-celled organisms, but is more complex in multicellular organisms 
E) has three versions: one for viruses, one for single-celled organisms, and one for multicellular organisms

Question 4

Match between columns
                        Premises: rRNA

Accepted Answer

The Answer of RNA transcribed from a protein-coding gene that is...

Question 5

The first part of a new polypeptide chain being produced in a eukaryotic cell has a signal peptide. Translation of this polypeptide ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) occurs on a free ribosome in the cytosol 
B) begins on a free ribosome in the cytosol and is completed on the rough ER 
C) occurs in the Golgi apparatus 
D) begins on the rough ER and is completed in the Golgi apparatus 
E) occurs on the rough ER 
A) occurs on a free ribosome in the cytosol 
B) begins on a free ribosome in the cytosol and is completed on the rough ER 
C) occurs in the Golgi apparatus 
D) begins on the rough ER and is completed in the Golgi apparatus 
E) occurs on the rough ER

Question 6

Describe the process of transcription in prokaryotes.

Accepted Answer

First, RNA polymerase binds to the promo

Question 7

Transcription is terminated in prokaryotes by ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) generation of a stop codon 
B) transcription of an mRNA terminator sequence 
C) splicing introns out and pasting exons together 
D) generation of a guanine cap 
E) generation of a poly-A tail 
A) generation of a stop codon 
B) transcription of an mRNA terminator sequence 
C) splicing introns out and pasting exons together 
D) generation of a guanine cap 
E) generation of a poly-A tail

Question 8

The ____ , located ____ of the transcription start point, is the site at which RNA polymerase associates with DNA to begin transcription. ​

Accepted Answer

A) promoter; upstream 
B) initiator; downstream 
C) initiator; upstream 
D) promoter; downstream 
E) intron; downstream 
A) promoter; upstream 
B) initiator; downstream 
C) initiator; upstream 
D) promoter; downstream 
E) intron; downstream

Question 9

The process of removing introns from mRNA and joining exons together occurs in a complex called the ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) ribosome 
B) anticodon 
C) lariat 
D) polysome 
E) spliceosome 
A) ribosome 
B) anticodon 
C) lariat 
D) polysome 
E) spliceosome

Question 10

​  
Use the table above for questions 67-69.
See the provided genetic code table. A change in a single base pair could cause which missense mutation? ​

Accepted Answer

A) glutamic acid to threonine 
B) glycine to proline 
C) threonine to glutamine 
D) glutamic acid to methionine 
E) valine to methionine 
A) glutamic acid to threonine 
B) glycine to proline 
C) threonine to glutamine 
D) glutamic acid to methionine 
E) valine to methionine

Question 11

Insertion of two bases into the coding region of a gene just after the start codon of a gene will result in a ____ mutation. ​

Accepted Answer

A) missense 
B) chromosomal 
C) frameshift 
D) silent 
E) nonsense 
A) missense 
B) chromosomal 
C) frameshift 
D) silent 
E) nonsense

Question 12

Explain how proteins that are produced in a cell are correctly directed to the cytosol, the endomembrane system, and the mitochondria.

Accepted Answer

Proteins destined for the cytosol are sy

Question 13

Match between columns
                        Premises: RNA polymerase

Accepted Answer

The Answer of  a and  e and  is...

Question 14

Translation ends when a stop codon in the ____ site allows a ____ to bind there. ​

Accepted Answer

A) P; release factor 
B) A; terminator tRNA 
C) E; terminator tRNA 
D) A; release factor 
E) P; terminator tRNA 
A) P; release factor 
B) A; terminator tRNA 
C) E; terminator tRNA 
D) A; release factor 
E) P; terminator tRNA

Question 15

The pre-mRNA transcript of mammalian α-tropomyosin undergoes ____ to produce different mRNAs in smooth and striated muscles. ​

Accepted Answer

A) aminoacylation 
B) alternative splicing 
C) polyadenylation 
D) degeneracy 
E) exon shuffling 
A) aminoacylation 
B) alternative splicing 
C) polyadenylation 
D) degeneracy 
E) exon shuffling

Question 16

During translation, tRNAs bind to mRNA through ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) ionic bonds 
B) van der Waals forces 
C) nonpolar covalent bonds 
D) hydrogen bonds 
E) polar covalent bonds 
A) ionic bonds 
B) van der Waals forces 
C) nonpolar covalent bonds 
D) hydrogen bonds 
E) polar covalent bonds

Question 17

Which process occurs in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell? ​

Accepted Answer

A) translation 
B) DNA replication and transcription 
C) transcription 
D) DNA replication 
E) translation and transcription 
A) translation 
B) DNA replication and transcription 
C) transcription 
D) DNA replication 
E) translation and transcription

Question 18

The process of translation refers to the use of information encoded in ____ to make ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) RNA; a complementary DNA copy 
B) DNA; a polypeptide 
C) DNA; a complementary RNA copy 
D) a polypeptide; RNA 
E) RNA; a polypeptide 
A) RNA; a complementary DNA copy 
B) DNA; a polypeptide 
C) DNA; a complementary RNA copy 
D) a polypeptide; RNA 
E) RNA; a polypeptide

Question 19

Match between columns
                        Premises: Terminator

Accepted Answer

The Answer of First codon read in translation and Indicates is...

Question 20

The routing of proteins to their final destinations in eukaryotic cells is ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) essentially random 
B) based on transcription factors 
C) controlled by the type of ribosome used 
D) directed by signals that are part of the proteins 
E) primarily determined by mRNA splicing 
A) essentially random 
B) based on transcription factors 
C) controlled by the type of ribosome used 
D) directed by signals that are part of the proteins 
E) primarily determined by mRNA splicing

Exam 15: From DNA to Protein

In which process are existing protein regions or domains mixed in novel combinations to produce new proteins? ​

With minor exceptions, the genetic code ____. ​

The first part of a new polypeptide chain being produced in a eukaryotic cell has a signal peptide. Translation of this polypeptide ____. ​

Describe the process of transcription in prokaryotes.

Transcription is terminated in prokaryotes by ____. ​

The ____ , located ____ of the transcription start point, is the site at which RNA polymerase associates with DNA to begin transcription. ​

The process of removing introns from mRNA and joining exons together occurs in a complex called the ____. ​

​ Use the table above for questions 67-69. See the provided genetic code table. A change in a single base pair could cause which missense mutation? ​

Insertion of two bases into the coding region of a gene just after the start codon of a gene will result in a ____ mutation. ​

Explain how proteins that are produced in a cell are correctly directed to the cytosol, the endomembrane system, and the mitochondria.

Translation ends when a stop codon in the ____ site allows a ____ to bind there. ​

The pre-mRNA transcript of mammalian α-tropomyosin undergoes ____ to produce different mRNAs in smooth and striated muscles. ​

During translation, tRNAs bind to mRNA through ____. ​

Which process occurs in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell? ​

The process of translation refers to the use of information encoded in ____ to make ____. ​

The routing of proteins to their final destinations in eukaryotic cells is ____. ​

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

DNA Structure, Replication, and Organization

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technologies: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

Filters

In which process are existing protein regions or domains mixed in novel combinations to produce new proteins?

With minor exceptions, the genetic code ____.

The first part of a new polypeptide chain being produced in a eukaryotic cell has a signal peptide. Translation of this polypeptide ____.

Transcription is terminated in prokaryotes by ____.

The , located of the transcription start point, is the site at which RNA polymerase associates with DNA to begin transcription.

The process of removing introns from mRNA and joining exons together occurs in a complex called the ____.

Use the table above for questions 67-69. See the provided genetic code table. A change in a single base pair could cause which missense mutation?

Insertion of two bases into the coding region of a gene just after the start codon of a gene will result in a ____ mutation.

Translation ends when a stop codon in the site allows a to bind there.

The pre-mRNA transcript of mammalian α-tropomyosin undergoes ____ to produce different mRNAs in smooth and striated muscles.

During translation, tRNAs bind to mRNA through ____.

Which process occurs in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell?

The process of translation refers to the use of information encoded in to make .

The routing of proteins to their final destinations in eukaryotic cells is ____.