Question 1

Compare and contrast the cellular locations, templates, and products of transcription and translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Accepted Answer

In prokaryotes, both transcription and t

Question 2

The cap on an mRNA transcript is the site where ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) ribosomes attach at the start of translation 
B) the start codon is located 
C) translation is terminated 
D) the stop codon is covered until needed 
E) the mRNA is protected from attack by RNA-digesting enzymes. 
A) ribosomes attach at the start of translation 
B) the start codon is located 
C) translation is terminated 
D) the stop codon is covered until needed 
E) the mRNA is protected from attack by RNA-digesting enzymes.

Question 3

Proteins that function in the cytosol are synthesized ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) on free ribosomes in the cytosol 
B) on the rough ER before being transported to the cytosol 
C) in the Golgi apparatus 
D) on the rough ER before being transported to the Golgi apparatus 
E) in the nucleus before being transported to the cytosol 
A) on free ribosomes in the cytosol 
B) on the rough ER before being transported to the cytosol 
C) in the Golgi apparatus 
D) on the rough ER before being transported to the Golgi apparatus 
E) in the nucleus before being transported to the cytosol

Question 4

The process of linking the correct amino acid to a tRNA molecule is catalyzed by ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) the tRNA itself 
B) RNA polymerase 
C) an mRNA 
D) the ribosome 
E) an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase 
A) the tRNA itself 
B) RNA polymerase 
C) an mRNA 
D) the ribosome 
E) an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Question 5

Match between columns
                        Premises: snRNA

Accepted Answer

The Answer of RNA in eukaryotes that must be processed is...

Question 6

The two major types of bacterial transposable elements are ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) DNA transposons and transposases 
B) DNA transposons and retrotransposons 
C) insertion sequences and retrotransposons 
D) transposons and transposases 
E) insertion sequences and transposons 
A) DNA transposons and transposases 
B) DNA transposons and retrotransposons 
C) insertion sequences and retrotransposons 
D) transposons and transposases 
E) insertion sequences and transposons

Question 7

Match between columns
                        Premises: Promoter

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Control sequence ahead of a transcription unit is...

Question 8

In the process of mRNA splicing, the lariat structure is the ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) splicing complex 
B) region where two exons are pasted together 
C) enzyme that cuts the pre-mRNA 
D) released intron 
E) region where two introns are pasted together 
A) splicing complex 
B) region where two exons are pasted together 
C) enzyme that cuts the pre-mRNA 
D) released intron 
E) region where two introns are pasted together

Question 9

Match between columns
                        Premises: Ribosome

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Transcription and Sorting proteins in cells and is...

Question 10

A ribosome consists of ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) two small subunits 
B) two large subunits 
C) three subunits of different size 
D) rRNA and ribosomal proteins 
E) tRNA and ribosomal proteins 
A) two small subunits 
B) two large subunits 
C) three subunits of different size 
D) rRNA and ribosomal proteins 
E) tRNA and ribosomal proteins

Question 11

The genetic code is said to be degenerate because ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) some codons that do not specify an amino acid 
B) most amino acids are represented by more than one codon 
C) the code varies considerably between different organisms 
D) the code is commaless, with no indicators of spaces between codons 
E) the code varies considerably between different cell types within a multicellular organism 
A) some codons that do not specify an amino acid 
B) most amino acids are represented by more than one codon 
C) the code varies considerably between different organisms 
D) the code is commaless, with no indicators of spaces between codons 
E) the code varies considerably between different cell types within a multicellular organism

Question 12

Describe how exon shuffling could lead to the formation of novel proteins.

Accepted Answer

Exon-intron junctions often fall at poin

Question 13

Proteins called transcription factors are involved in ____ of transcription. ​

Accepted Answer

A) both initiation and termination stages 
B) both initiation and elongation stages 
C) the termination stage 
D) the initiation stage 
E) the initiation, elongation, and termination stages 
A) both initiation and termination stages 
B) both initiation and elongation stages 
C) the termination stage 
D) the initiation stage 
E) the initiation, elongation, and termination stages

Question 14

Briefly describe the positions of tRNA in the ribosome and relate them to the process of translation elongation.

Accepted Answer

A ribosome has three locations where tRN

Question 15

During translation, mRNA is read in the ____ direction and the polypeptide is assembled from the ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) 5 ¢ 3 ¢ ; N-terminal end to the C-terminal end 
B) 5 ¢ 3 ¢ ; C-terminal end to the N-terminal end 
C) 3 ¢ 5 ¢ ; N-terminal end to the C-terminal end 
D) 3 ¢ 5 ¢ ; C-terminal end to the N-terminal end 
E) 5 ¢ 5 ¢ ; N-terminal end to the C-terminal end 
A) 5 ¢ 3 ¢ ; N-terminal end to the C-terminal end 
B) 5 ¢ 3 ¢ ; C-terminal end to the N-terminal end 
C) 3 ¢ 5 ¢ ; N-terminal end to the C-terminal end 
D) 3 ¢ 5 ¢ ; C-terminal end to the N-terminal end 
E) 5 ¢ 5 ¢ ; N-terminal end to the C-terminal end

Question 16

Pre-mRNA is modified on its 5' end by ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) exon shuffling 
B) the addition of a poly(
A) tail 
C) mRNA splicing 
D) the addition of a guanine cap 
E) aminoacylation 
A) exon shuffling 
B) the addition of a poly(
A) tail 
C) mRNA splicing 
D) the addition of a guanine cap 
E) aminoacylation

Question 17

The reading frame for translation is established by ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) removal of the cap from mRNA 
B) pairing of initiator tRNA with the start codon 
C) the first base in the mRNA molecule 
D) the ribosome binding site 
E) the poly(
A) tail 
A) removal of the cap from mRNA 
B) pairing of initiator tRNA with the start codon 
C) the first base in the mRNA molecule 
D) the ribosome binding site 
E) the poly(
A) tail

Question 18

Srb and Horowitz's research led to the ____ hypothesis, which has since been modified to the ____ hypothesis. ​

Accepted Answer

A) one gene-one enzyme; one gene-one polypeptide 
B) one gene-one polypeptide; one gene-one enzyme 
C) one gene-one protein; one gene-one enzyme 
D) one gene-one polypeptide; one gene-one protein 
E) one gene-one enzyme; one gene-one protein 
A) one gene-one enzyme; one gene-one polypeptide 
B) one gene-one polypeptide; one gene-one enzyme 
C) one gene-one protein; one gene-one enzyme 
D) one gene-one polypeptide; one gene-one protein 
E) one gene-one enzyme; one gene-one protein

Question 19

The ribosome binding site in an mRNA transcript is located ____ and is where ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) at the start codon; the large ribosomal subunit binds to the mRNA-tRNA complex in prokaryotes 
B) just upstream of the start codon; the large ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA in eukaryotes 
C) at the start codon; the small ribosomal subunit binds to the mRNA-tRNA complex in eukaryotes 
D) on aminoacyl-tRNA; the large ribosomal subunit binds to tRNA in prokaryotes 
E) just upstream of the start codon; the small ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA in prokaryotes 
A) at the start codon; the large ribosomal subunit binds to the mRNA-tRNA complex in prokaryotes 
B) just upstream of the start codon; the large ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA in eukaryotes 
C) at the start codon; the small ribosomal subunit binds to the mRNA-tRNA complex in eukaryotes 
D) on aminoacyl-tRNA; the large ribosomal subunit binds to tRNA in prokaryotes 
E) just upstream of the start codon; the small ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA in prokaryotes

Question 20

Figure 15.1
The structure in the figure above represents a molecule of ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) pre-mRNA 
B) tRNA 
C) snRNA 
D) mRNA 
E) rRNA 
A) pre-mRNA 
B) tRNA 
C) snRNA 
D) mRNA 
E) rRNA

Exam 15: From DNA to Protein

Compare and contrast the cellular locations, templates, and products of transcription and translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

The cap on an mRNA transcript is the site where ____. ​

Proteins that function in the cytosol are synthesized ____. ​

The process of linking the correct amino acid to a tRNA molecule is catalyzed by ____. ​

The two major types of bacterial transposable elements are ____. ​

In the process of mRNA splicing, the lariat structure is the ____. ​

A ribosome consists of ____. ​

The genetic code is said to be degenerate because ____. ​

Describe how exon shuffling could lead to the formation of novel proteins.

Proteins called transcription factors are involved in ____ of transcription. ​

Briefly describe the positions of tRNA in the ribosome and relate them to the process of translation elongation.

During translation, mRNA is read in the ____ direction and the polypeptide is assembled from the ____. ​

Pre-mRNA is modified on its 5' end by ____. ​

The reading frame for translation is established by ____. ​

Srb and Horowitz's research led to the ____ hypothesis, which has since been modified to the ____ hypothesis. ​

The ribosome binding site in an mRNA transcript is located ____ and is where ____. ​

Figure 15.1 The structure in the figure above represents a molecule of ____. ​

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

DNA Structure, Replication, and Organization

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technologies: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

Filters

The cap on an mRNA transcript is the site where ____.

Proteins that function in the cytosol are synthesized ____.

The process of linking the correct amino acid to a tRNA molecule is catalyzed by ____.

The two major types of bacterial transposable elements are ____.

In the process of mRNA splicing, the lariat structure is the ____.

A ribosome consists of ____.

The genetic code is said to be degenerate because ____.

Proteins called transcription factors are involved in ____ of transcription.

During translation, mRNA is read in the direction and the polypeptide is assembled from the .

Pre-mRNA is modified on its 5' end by ____.

The reading frame for translation is established by ____.

Srb and Horowitz's research led to the hypothesis, which has since been modified to the hypothesis.

The ribosome binding site in an mRNA transcript is located and is where .

Figure 15.1 The structure in the figure above represents a molecule of ____.