Question 1

What is the natural function of restriction endonucleases? ​

Accepted Answer

A) research applications 
B) DNA manipulation in vitro 
C) defense against viruses that infect bacteria 
D) regulating bacterial gene expression 
E) breaking phosphodiester bonds in mammalian DNA 
A) research applications 
B) DNA manipulation in vitro 
C) defense against viruses that infect bacteria 
D) regulating bacterial gene expression 
E) breaking phosphodiester bonds in mammalian DNA

Question 2

During DNA cloning, why is the DNA of interest inserted into the middle of the lacZ+ coding sequence in the plasmid vector? ​

Accepted Answer

A) It makes the bacteria resistant to the antibiotic. 
B) It allows researchers to distinguish bacteria that contain the plasmid from those that do not. 
C) It aids scientists in developing new antibiotic treatments. 
D) It allows researchers to distinguish bacteria that contain the recombinant plasmid from those that contain just the vector. 
E) It makes the bacteria produce more clones. 
A) It makes the bacteria resistant to the antibiotic. 
B) It allows researchers to distinguish bacteria that contain the plasmid from those that do not. 
C) It aids scientists in developing new antibiotic treatments. 
D) It allows researchers to distinguish bacteria that contain the recombinant plasmid from those that contain just the vector. 
E) It makes the bacteria produce more clones.

Question 3

DNA is cut by ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) nucleases 
B) proteases 
C) stem cells 
D) Ti plasmids 
E) restriction fragment length polymorphisms 
A) nucleases 
B) proteases 
C) stem cells 
D) Ti plasmids 
E) restriction fragment length polymorphisms

Question 4

Restriction endonucleases break ____ bonds. ​

Accepted Answer

A) phosphodiester 
B) ester 
C) glycosidic 
D) peptide 
E) hydrogen 
A) phosphodiester 
B) ester 
C) glycosidic 
D) peptide 
E) hydrogen

Question 5

Why is it important to have an antibiotic resistance gene in plasmid cloning vectors? ​

Accepted Answer

A) It helps the host bacteria grow faster. 
B) It allows researchers to distinguish bacteria that contain the plasmid from those that do not. 
C) It aids scientists in developing new antibiotic treatments. 
D) It allows researchers to distinguish bacteria that contain the recombinant vector from those that contain just the vector. 
E) It helps the bacteria replicate the recombinant plasmid more quickly. 
A) It helps the host bacteria grow faster. 
B) It allows researchers to distinguish bacteria that contain the plasmid from those that do not. 
C) It aids scientists in developing new antibiotic treatments. 
D) It allows researchers to distinguish bacteria that contain the recombinant vector from those that contain just the vector. 
E) It helps the bacteria replicate the recombinant plasmid more quickly.

Question 6

PCR is ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) repeated DNA replication cycles of a specific region of a DNA molecule 
B) DNA replication in which DNA polymerase replicates an entire chromosome 
C) a reaction in which restriction enzymes cut a gene of interest from the chromosome 
D) transcription during which only a portion of the cell's DNA is expressed 
E) translation during which only some mRNA molecules are translated to make proteins 
A) repeated DNA replication cycles of a specific region of a DNA molecule 
B) DNA replication in which DNA polymerase replicates an entire chromosome 
C) a reaction in which restriction enzymes cut a gene of interest from the chromosome 
D) transcription during which only a portion of the cell's DNA is expressed 
E) translation during which only some mRNA molecules are translated to make proteins

Question 7

Plasmid cloning vectors generally contain genes for which two traits? ​

Accepted Answer

A) lacZ production and ampicillin resistance 
B) β-galactosidase enzyme production and ampicillin resistance 
C) DNA ligase production and sticky ends 
D) DNA ligase and reverse transcriptase production 
E) DNA polymerase production and antibiotic resistance 
A) lacZ production and ampicillin resistance 
B) β-galactosidase enzyme production and ampicillin resistance 
C) DNA ligase production and sticky ends 
D) DNA ligase and reverse transcriptase production 
E) DNA polymerase production and antibiotic resistance

Question 8

Organisms that have been genetically engineered are called ____, because they have been modified to contain genetic information called a(n)____ from an external source. ​

Accepted Answer

A) transgenic; transgene 
B) transgenic; oncogene 
C) somatic; Ti plasmid 
D) genetically modified organisms; restriction fragment length polymorphism 
E) somatic; transgene 
A) transgenic; transgene 
B) transgenic; oncogene 
C) somatic; Ti plasmid 
D) genetically modified organisms; restriction fragment length polymorphism 
E) somatic; transgene

Question 9

A plasmid cloning vector and DNA fragments containing the XYZ gene, each digested with the same restriction enzyme, are mixed with DNA ligase. Which product(s)will result? ​

Accepted Answer

A) recombinant plasmids only 
B) nonrecombinant plasmids only 
C) joined-together copies of the DNA fragment containing the XYZ gene only 
D) a mixture of recombinant plasmids, nonrecombinant plasmids, and joined-together copies of the DNA fragment containing the XYZ gene 
E) no reaction will occur because DNA polymerase rather than DNA ligase is needed to insert the DNA fragments into the plasmid cloning vector 
A) recombinant plasmids only 
B) nonrecombinant plasmids only 
C) joined-together copies of the DNA fragment containing the XYZ gene only 
D) a mixture of recombinant plasmids, nonrecombinant plasmids, and joined-together copies of the DNA fragment containing the XYZ gene 
E) no reaction will occur because DNA polymerase rather than DNA ligase is needed to insert the DNA fragments into the plasmid cloning vector

Question 10

A researcher wants to insert a DNA fragment into a plasmid. Which enzyme will join the two DNA molecules together? ​

Accepted Answer

A) primase 
B) β-galactosidase 
C) restriction endonuclease 
D) DNA ligase 
E) DNA polymerase 
A) primase 
B) β-galactosidase 
C) restriction endonuclease 
D) DNA ligase 
E) DNA polymerase

Question 11

What is a GMO? What are the potential concerns and benefits associated with GMOs? ​

Accepted Answer

A GMO is a genetically altered organism

Question 12

If a restriction endonuclease cuts a linear DNA three times, how many fragments should there be after the DNA is subjected to electrophoresis through an agarose gel? ​

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) ​2 
C) ​3 
D) ​4 
E) ​5 
A) 1 
B) ​2 
C) ​3 
D) ​4 
E) ​5

Question 13

The protein-coding region of a eukaryotic gene ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) can be amplified directly from the genome 
B) is obtained by producing a cDNA copy from the gene's transcript 
C) contains introns, so an mRNA copy must be produced from the gene's transcript 
D) contains exons that are removed by restriction enzymes, while the remaining introns are ligated together 
E) contains introns that are removed by restriction enzymes, while the remaining exons are ligated together 
A) can be amplified directly from the genome 
B) is obtained by producing a cDNA copy from the gene's transcript 
C) contains introns, so an mRNA copy must be produced from the gene's transcript 
D) contains exons that are removed by restriction enzymes, while the remaining introns are ligated together 
E) contains introns that are removed by restriction enzymes, while the remaining exons are ligated together

Question 14

All stem cells ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) are differentiated cells that proliferate indefinitely 
B) can differentiate into any cell type, but can only divide once after terminally differentiating 
C) have the ability to differentiate into all cell types 
D) are undifferentiated cells that proliferate indefinitely 
E) are undifferentiated cells that proliferate a finite number of times 
A) are differentiated cells that proliferate indefinitely 
B) can differentiate into any cell type, but can only divide once after terminally differentiating 
C) have the ability to differentiate into all cell types 
D) are undifferentiated cells that proliferate indefinitely 
E) are undifferentiated cells that proliferate a finite number of times

Question 15

Genetically modified crops have been banned in the United States. ​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Restriction enzyme-generated DNA fragments of different lengths from the same region of the genome are called ____.

Accepted Answer

A) DNA elements 
B) endonuclease sites 
C) restriction sites 
D) restriction fragment length polymorphisms 
E) restriction elements 
A) DNA elements 
B) endonuclease sites 
C) restriction sites 
D) restriction fragment length polymorphisms 
E) restriction elements

Question 17

What is the main difference between germline gene therapy and somatic gene therapy? ​

Accepted Answer

A) Only somatic gene therapy can result in the modified genes being passed to the next generation. 
B) The effects of germline gene therapy are limited to the current generation. 
C) In germline gene therapy, the gametes are altered; in somatic gene therapy, body cells affected by a genetic disorder are altered. 
D) In somatic gene therapy, the gametes are altered; in germline gene therapy, only the body cells are altered. 
E) Only germline gene therapy is ethical for research purposes in rodents 
A) Only somatic gene therapy can result in the modified genes being passed to the next generation. 
B) The effects of germline gene therapy are limited to the current generation. 
C) In germline gene therapy, the gametes are altered; in somatic gene therapy, body cells affected by a genetic disorder are altered. 
D) In somatic gene therapy, the gametes are altered; in germline gene therapy, only the body cells are altered. 
E) Only germline gene therapy is ethical for research purposes in rodents

Question 18

Why was the nucleus removed from the egg cell used to create Dolly, the cloned sheep? ​

Accepted Answer

A) to remove the mitochondrial DNA of the egg donor 
B) to test whether the genetic contribution from a sperm cell alone could produce a lamb 
C) to create a cloned sheep in the absence of DNA 
D) since the genome for the clone was supplied by the diploid mammary cell, the presence of the egg cell DNA would result in triploidy 
E) to see whether egg cell DNA injected into a sperm cell could produce a lamb 
A) to remove the mitochondrial DNA of the egg donor 
B) to test whether the genetic contribution from a sperm cell alone could produce a lamb 
C) to create a cloned sheep in the absence of DNA 
D) since the genome for the clone was supplied by the diploid mammary cell, the presence of the egg cell DNA would result in triploidy 
E) to see whether egg cell DNA injected into a sperm cell could produce a lamb

Question 19

Viruses used in gene therapy ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) never elicit an immune response in the host 
B) retain their intact genome plus the therapeutic gene of interest 
C) can correct a gene mutation through homologous recombination 
D) are inefficient at delivering therapeutic genes of interest to the cell 
E) are seldom used because they have the tendency to cause disease 
A) never elicit an immune response in the host 
B) retain their intact genome plus the therapeutic gene of interest 
C) can correct a gene mutation through homologous recombination 
D) are inefficient at delivering therapeutic genes of interest to the cell 
E) are seldom used because they have the tendency to cause disease

Question 20

Bacteria protect restriction sites in their own DNA from being cut by restriction enzymes by ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) synthesizing low quantities of restriction enzymes 
B) producing restriction enzymes that do not recognize sequences in their own DNA 
C) chemically modifying bases within the restriction sites 
D) only activating restriction enzymes when foreign DNA is present in the cell 
E) inactivating restriction enzymes through phosphorylation 
A) synthesizing low quantities of restriction enzymes 
B) producing restriction enzymes that do not recognize sequences in their own DNA 
C) chemically modifying bases within the restriction sites 
D) only activating restriction enzymes when foreign DNA is present in the cell 
E) inactivating restriction enzymes through phosphorylation

Exam 18: Dna Technologies: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

What is the natural function of restriction endonucleases? ​

During DNA cloning, why is the DNA of interest inserted into the middle of the lacZ+ coding sequence in the plasmid vector? ​

DNA is cut by ____. ​

Restriction endonucleases break ____ bonds. ​

Why is it important to have an antibiotic resistance gene in plasmid cloning vectors? ​

PCR is ____. ​

Plasmid cloning vectors generally contain genes for which two traits? ​

Organisms that have been genetically engineered are called ____, because they have been modified to contain genetic information called a(n)____ from an external source. ​

A plasmid cloning vector and DNA fragments containing the XYZ gene, each digested with the same restriction enzyme, are mixed with DNA ligase. Which product(s)will result? ​

A researcher wants to insert a DNA fragment into a plasmid. Which enzyme will join the two DNA molecules together? ​

What is a GMO? What are the potential concerns and benefits associated with GMOs? ​

If a restriction endonuclease cuts a linear DNA three times, how many fragments should there be after the DNA is subjected to electrophoresis through an agarose gel? ​

The protein-coding region of a eukaryotic gene ____. ​

All stem cells ____. ​

Genetically modified crops have been banned in the United States. ​

Restriction enzyme-generated DNA fragments of different lengths from the same region of the genome are called ____.

What is the main difference between germline gene therapy and somatic gene therapy? ​

Why was the nucleus removed from the egg cell used to create Dolly, the cloned sheep? ​

Viruses used in gene therapy ____. ​

Bacteria protect restriction sites in their own DNA from being cut by restriction enzymes by ____. ​

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

DNA Structure, Replication, and Organization

From DNA to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

Filters

What is the natural function of restriction endonucleases?

During DNA cloning, why is the DNA of interest inserted into the middle of the lacZ+ coding sequence in the plasmid vector?

DNA is cut by ____.

Restriction endonucleases break ____ bonds.

Why is it important to have an antibiotic resistance gene in plasmid cloning vectors?

PCR is ____.

Plasmid cloning vectors generally contain genes for which two traits?

Organisms that have been genetically engineered are called , because they have been modified to contain genetic information called a(n) from an external source.

A plasmid cloning vector and DNA fragments containing the XYZ gene, each digested with the same restriction enzyme, are mixed with DNA ligase. Which product(s)will result?

A researcher wants to insert a DNA fragment into a plasmid. Which enzyme will join the two DNA molecules together?

What is a GMO? What are the potential concerns and benefits associated with GMOs?

If a restriction endonuclease cuts a linear DNA three times, how many fragments should there be after the DNA is subjected to electrophoresis through an agarose gel?

The protein-coding region of a eukaryotic gene ____.

All stem cells ____.

Genetically modified crops have been banned in the United States.

What is the main difference between germline gene therapy and somatic gene therapy?

Why was the nucleus removed from the egg cell used to create Dolly, the cloned sheep?

Viruses used in gene therapy ____.

Bacteria protect restriction sites in their own DNA from being cut by restriction enzymes by ____.