Exam 18: Dna Technologies: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Identify the correct steps for cloning a gene of interest, then arrange them in the correct order. 1.  Transform the bacteria. 2.  Incubate the DNA fragments and cut cloning vector with DNA ligase. 3.  Use restriction enzymes to cut the gene of interest and the cloning vector. 4.  Spread bacteria on medium containing lactose and ampicillin. 5.  Spread bacteria on medium containing X-gal and ampicillin.

  Figure 18.1 Answer the question using the accompanying figure. Of the fragments labeled A-D, which is closest to the negative electrode? ​

Agarose gel electrophoresis separates DNA molecules according to their ____. ​

How is a DNA fragment containing a gene of interest generated for cloning? ​

What enables a PCR-amplified gene to be inserted into a cloning vector? ​

Most genetic alterations performed by researchers aim to change the ____. ​

Genetically altered organisms are ____. ​

Taq polymerase is commonly used in PCR reactions because it ____. ​

When DNA fragments are sealed together by DNA ligase, the process is referred to as ____. ​

If a restriction endonuclease cuts a circular DNA three times, how many fragments should there be after the DNA is subjected to electrophoresis through an agarose gel? ​

The enzyme ____ produces ____ DNA that is complementary to mRNA. ​

An example of pharming is ____. ​

Why are numerous replication cycles - each performed at three difference temperatures - a necessary part of a PCR reaction? ​

Copies of recombinant DNA are produced in a genetically engineered organism by ____. ​

In agarose gel electrophoresis, DNA is visualized by ____. ​

An organism whose genome has been engineered to include or change a genetically controlled trait is called a ____. ​