Question 1

Why does countercurrent exchange optimize gas exchange across some gills? ​

Accepted Answer

A) It sustains an optimal thermal environment for gas exchange. 
B) It optimizes perfusion to the respiratory surface. 
C) It sustains an optimal respiratory gas concentration gradient, allowing diffusion to occur across the entire respiratory surface. 
D) It optimizes delivery of the respiratory medium to the respiratory surface. 
E) It minimizes the area of diffusion. 
A) It sustains an optimal thermal environment for gas exchange. 
B) It optimizes perfusion to the respiratory surface. 
C) It sustains an optimal respiratory gas concentration gradient, allowing diffusion to occur across the entire respiratory surface. 
D) It optimizes delivery of the respiratory medium to the respiratory surface. 
E) It minimizes the area of diffusion.

Question 2

The ____ is/are responsible for closing off the airway during swallowing. ​

Accepted Answer

A) larynx 
B) epiglottis 
C) pharynx 
D) intercostal muscles 
E) pleura 
A) larynx 
B) epiglottis 
C) pharynx 
D) intercostal muscles 
E) pleura

Question 3

Match between columns
                        Premises: alveoli

Accepted Answer

The Answer of 8 and 9 and 5 and 1 is...

Question 4

Match between columns
                        Premises: trachea

Accepted Answer

The Answer of 9 and 5 and 7 and 3 is...

Question 5

Planes maintain an atmospheric pressure equivalent to about 8,000 feet to sustain ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) a stable temperature 
B) oxygen levels ​ 
C) oxygen availability 
D) oxygen levels and availability 
E) oxygen availability and reduce buildup of carbon dioxide 
A) a stable temperature 
B) oxygen levels ​ 
C) oxygen availability 
D) oxygen levels and availability 
E) oxygen availability and reduce buildup of carbon dioxide

Question 6

A ____ uses positive pressure breathing to ventilate its lungs. ​

Accepted Answer

A) bird 
B) frog 
C) dog 
D) reptile 
E) human 
A) bird 
B) frog 
C) dog 
D) reptile 
E) human

Question 7

The ____ are most sensitive to changes in CO2. ​

Accepted Answer

A) aortic bodies 
B) carotid bodies 
C) receptors of the medulla 
D) receptors of the aorta 
E) medulla bodies 
A) aortic bodies 
B) carotid bodies 
C) receptors of the medulla 
D) receptors of the aorta 
E) medulla bodies

Question 8

Blood O2 levels have the greatest influence on mammalian breathing rate. ​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Marine mammals use ____ to extend dive times.  ​

Accepted Answer

A) decreased blood volume 
B) increased erythrocyte count 
C) increased in lung volume 
D) reduced concentrations of muscle myoglobin 
E) elevated circulation to nonessential organs 
A) decreased blood volume 
B) increased erythrocyte count 
C) increased in lung volume 
D) reduced concentrations of muscle myoglobin 
E) elevated circulation to nonessential organs

Question 10

Air becomes deoxygenated during the ____ of a bird's respiratory cycle. ​

Accepted Answer

A) first inhalation 
B) first exhalation 
C) second inhalation 
D) second exhalation 
E) third exhalation 
A) first inhalation 
B) first exhalation 
C) second inhalation 
D) second exhalation 
E) third exhalation

Question 11

Most O2 is transported in the blood ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) dissolved in the plasma ​ 
B) as bicarbonate ions 
C) bound to hemoglobin 
D) as carbon dioxide 
E) bound to bicarbonate ions 
A) dissolved in the plasma ​ 
B) as bicarbonate ions 
C) bound to hemoglobin 
D) as carbon dioxide 
E) bound to bicarbonate ions

Question 12

The ____ of marine mammals receives normal blood supply during deep dives. ​

Accepted Answer

A) lungs 
B) heart 
C) brain 
D) blood vessels 
E) heart, brain, and blood vessels 
A) lungs 
B) heart 
C) brain 
D) blood vessels 
E) heart, brain, and blood vessels

Question 13

Match between columns
                        Premises: epiglottis

Accepted Answer

The Answer of 9 and 10 and 4 and 8 is...

Question 14

Studies indicate that in utero nicotine exposure can cause breathing abnormalities in neonatal mammals, including ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) elevated breathing rate while awake ​ 
B) increased frequency of apneas during sleep 
C) delayed arousal from sleep in response to hypoxia 
D) elevated breathing rate while awake and increased frequency of apneas during sleep 
E) increased frequency of apneas during sleep and delayed arousal from sleep in response to hypoxia 
A) elevated breathing rate while awake ​ 
B) increased frequency of apneas during sleep 
C) delayed arousal from sleep in response to hypoxia 
D) elevated breathing rate while awake and increased frequency of apneas during sleep 
E) increased frequency of apneas during sleep and delayed arousal from sleep in response to hypoxia

Question 15

The ____ are respiratory structures composed of moist evaginations. ​

Accepted Answer

A) tracheal tubes 
B) lungs ​ 
C) gills 
D) skin 
E) nasal passages 
A) tracheal tubes 
B) lungs ​ 
C) gills 
D) skin 
E) nasal passages

Question 16

Tibetan people have ____ in their blood despite living at high altitude. ​

Accepted Answer

A) less oxygen 
B) more erythropoietin 
C) less erythropoietin 
D) more hemoglobin 
E) less hemoglobin 
A) less oxygen 
B) more erythropoietin 
C) less erythropoietin 
D) more hemoglobin 
E) less hemoglobin

Question 17

Countercurrent exchange allows for the removal of ____ percent of O2 from water flowing over gills. ​

Accepted Answer

A) 50 - 60 ​ 
B) 60 - 70 
C) 70 - 80 
D) 80 - 90 
E) 90 - 100 
A) 50 - 60 ​ 
B) 60 - 70 
C) 70 - 80 
D) 80 - 90 
E) 90 - 100

Question 18

How is breathing rate regulated in humans before and during physical exercise? ​

Accepted Answer

Signals from interneurons in the medulla

Question 19

Among air breathing animals, birds have the most effective mechanism of extracting oxygen from air because ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) birds utilize crosscurrent exchange ​ 
B) bird lungs have more surface area 
C) bird lungs are the largest among vertebrates 
D) the air sacs provide additional respiratory surfaces 
E) birds utilize positive force exchange 
A) birds utilize crosscurrent exchange ​ 
B) bird lungs have more surface area 
C) bird lungs are the largest among vertebrates 
D) the air sacs provide additional respiratory surfaces 
E) birds utilize positive force exchange

Question 20

The ____ are air-filled respiratory system structures common in insects. ​

Accepted Answer

A) gills 
B) tracheal tubes 
C) lungs 
D) integumentary surfaces 
E) air sacs 
A) gills 
B) tracheal tubes 
C) lungs 
D) integumentary surfaces 
E) air sacs

Exam 46: Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Why does countercurrent exchange optimize gas exchange across some gills? ​

The ____ is/are responsible for closing off the airway during swallowing. ​

Planes maintain an atmospheric pressure equivalent to about 8,000 feet to sustain ____. ​

A ____ uses positive pressure breathing to ventilate its lungs. ​

The ____ are most sensitive to changes in CO2. ​

Blood O2 levels have the greatest influence on mammalian breathing rate. ​

Marine mammals use ____ to extend dive times. ​

Air becomes deoxygenated during the ____ of a bird's respiratory cycle. ​

Most O2 is transported in the blood ____. ​

The ____ of marine mammals receives normal blood supply during deep dives. ​

Studies indicate that in utero nicotine exposure can cause breathing abnormalities in neonatal mammals, including ____. ​

The ____ are respiratory structures composed of moist evaginations. ​

Tibetan people have ____ in their blood despite living at high altitude. ​

Countercurrent exchange allows for the removal of ____ percent of O2 from water flowing over gills. ​

How is breathing rate regulated in humans before and during physical exercise? ​

Among air breathing animals, birds have the most effective mechanism of extracting oxygen from air because ____. ​

The ____ are air-filled respiratory system structures common in insects. ​

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

DNA Structure, Replication, and Organization

From DNA to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technologies: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

Filters

Why does countercurrent exchange optimize gas exchange across some gills?

The ____ is/are responsible for closing off the airway during swallowing.

Planes maintain an atmospheric pressure equivalent to about 8,000 feet to sustain ____.

A ____ uses positive pressure breathing to ventilate its lungs.

The ____ are most sensitive to changes in CO₂.

Blood O₂ levels have the greatest influence on mammalian breathing rate.

Marine mammals use ____ to extend dive times.

Air becomes deoxygenated during the ____ of a bird's respiratory cycle.

Most O₂ is transported in the blood ____.

The ____ of marine mammals receives normal blood supply during deep dives.

Studies indicate that in utero nicotine exposure can cause breathing abnormalities in neonatal mammals, including ____.

The ____ are respiratory structures composed of moist evaginations.

Tibetan people have ____ in their blood despite living at high altitude.

Countercurrent exchange allows for the removal of ____ percent of O₂ from water flowing over gills.

How is breathing rate regulated in humans before and during physical exercise?

Among air breathing animals, birds have the most effective mechanism of extracting oxygen from air because ____.

The ____ are air-filled respiratory system structures common in insects.