Question 1

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which of the groups shown above is a carbonyl functional group?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E B

Question 2

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
You are investigating the differences between three organic compounds. They all have the same carbon skeleton but have differences in their functional groups.
-Organic chemistry is currently defined as

Accepted Answer

A) the study of compounds made only by living cells. 
B) the study of carbon compounds. 
C) the study of vital forces. 
D) the study of natural (as opposed to synthetic)compounds. 
E) the study of hydrocarbons. 
A) the study of compounds made only by living cells. 
B) the study of carbon compounds. 
C) the study of vital forces. 
D) the study of natural (as opposed to synthetic)compounds. 
E) the study of hydrocarbons. B

Question 3

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which molecule shown above is a thiol?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E B

Question 4

Stanley Miller's 1953 experiments assumed that early Earth's atmosphere contained

Accepted Answer

A) hydrogen cyanide, formaldehyde, hydrogen gas, and water vapour. 
B) ammonia, methane, hydrogen gas, and water vapour. 
C) ammonia, methane, oxygen gas, and water vapour. 
D) amino acids, methane, hydrogen cyanide, and water vapour. 
E) methane, formaldehyde, ammonia, and carbon dioxide. 
A) hydrogen cyanide, formaldehyde, hydrogen gas, and water vapour. 
B) ammonia, methane, hydrogen gas, and water vapour. 
C) ammonia, methane, oxygen gas, and water vapour. 
D) amino acids, methane, hydrogen cyanide, and water vapour. 
E) methane, formaldehyde, ammonia, and carbon dioxide.

Question 5

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which of the groups above is an acidic functional group that can dissociate and release H⁺ into a solution?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 6

Which pair of molecules shown below are not enantiomers of a single molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 7

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which of the groups shown above is a functional group that helps stabilize proteins by forming covalent cross-links within or between protein molecules?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 8

The complexity and variety of organic molecules is due to

Accepted Answer

A) the chemical versatility of carbon atoms. 
B) the variety of rare elements in organic molecules. 
C) the fact that they can be synthesized only in living organisms. 
D) their interaction with water. 
E) their tremendously large sizes. 
A) the chemical versatility of carbon atoms. 
B) the variety of rare elements in organic molecules. 
C) the fact that they can be synthesized only in living organisms. 
D) their interaction with water. 
E) their tremendously large sizes.

Question 9

Compared to a hydrocarbon chain where all the carbon atoms are linked by single bonds, a hydrocarbon chain with the same number of carbon atoms, but with one or more double bonds, will

Accepted Answer

A) be more flexible in structure. 
B) be more constrained in structure. 
C) be more polar. 
D) have more hydrogen atoms. 
E) have fewer structurally distinct isomers. 
A) be more flexible in structure. 
B) be more constrained in structure. 
C) be more polar. 
D) have more hydrogen atoms. 
E) have fewer structurally distinct isomers.

Question 10

Three or four of the following illustrations depict different structural isomers of the organic compound with molecular formula C₆H₁₄. For clarity, only the carbon skeletons are shown; hydrogen atoms that would be attached to the carbons have been omitted. Which one, if any, is NOT a structural isomer of this compound?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E) Each of the illustrations in the other answer choices depicts a structural isomer of the compound with molecular formula C₆H₁₄. 
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E) Each of the illustrations in the other answer choices depicts a structural isomer of the compound with molecular formula C₆H₁₄.

Question 11

Differences among organisms are caused by

Accepted Answer

A) large differences in elemental composition from organism to organism. 
B) differences in the types and relative amounts of organic molecules synthesized by each organism. 
C) differences in the elements that bond with carbon in each organism. 
D) differences in the sizes of the organic molecules in each organism. 
E) differences in inorganic compounds present in each organism. 
A) large differences in elemental composition from organism to organism. 
B) differences in the types and relative amounts of organic molecules synthesized by each organism. 
C) differences in the elements that bond with carbon in each organism. 
D) differences in the sizes of the organic molecules in each organism. 
E) differences in inorganic compounds present in each organism.

Question 12

Of the biologically important functional groups listed below, which is not reactive but serves as a tag or marker?

Accepted Answer

A) hydroxyl 
B) carboxyl 
C) amino 
D) sulfhydryl 
E) methyl 
A) hydroxyl 
B) carboxyl 
C) amino 
D) sulfhydryl 
E) methyl

Question 13

A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond(s)with other atoms?

Accepted Answer

A) ionic 
B) hydrogen 
C) covalent 
D) covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds 
E) ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds 
A) ionic 
B) hydrogen 
C) covalent 
D) covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds 
E) ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds

Question 14

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which molecule shown above contains a functional group that cells use to transfer energy between organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 15

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
You are investigating the differences between three organic compounds. They all have the same carbon skeleton but have differences in their functional groups.
-Which of the following hydrocarbons has a double bond in its carbon skeleton?

Accepted Answer

A) C₃H₈ 
B) C₂H₆ 
C) CH₄ 
D) C₂H₄ 
E) C₂H₂ 
A) C₃H₈ 
B) C₂H₆ 
C) CH₄ 
D) C₂H₄ 
E) C₂H₂

Question 16

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
You are investigating the differences between three organic compounds. They all have the same carbon skeleton but have differences in their functional groups.
-The third molecule displays both acidic and basic properties. It most likely has

Accepted Answer

A) at least one carboxyl group. 
B) at least one amino group. 
C) at least one hydroxyl group. 
D) both an amino and a carboxyl group. 
E) both an hydroxyl and a carboxyl group. 
A) at least one carboxyl group. 
B) at least one amino group. 
C) at least one hydroxyl group. 
D) both an amino and a carboxyl group. 
E) both an hydroxyl and a carboxyl group.

Question 17

Amino acids are acids because they always possess which functional group?

Accepted Answer

A) amino 
B) carbonyl 
C) carboxyl 
D) phosphate 
E) hydroxyl 
A) amino 
B) carbonyl 
C) carboxyl 
D) phosphate 
E) hydroxyl

Question 18

The element present in all organic molecules is

Accepted Answer

A) hydrogen. 
B) oxygen. 
C) carbon. 
D) nitrogen. 
E) phosphorus. 
A) hydrogen. 
B) oxygen. 
C) carbon. 
D) nitrogen. 
E) phosphorus.

Question 19

Which of the following is a false statement concerning amino groups?

Accepted Answer

A) They are basic in pH. 
B) They are found in amino acids. 
C) They contain nitrogen. 
D) They are nonpolar. 
E) They are components of urea. 
A) They are basic in pH. 
B) They are found in amino acids. 
C) They contain nitrogen. 
D) They are nonpolar. 
E) They are components of urea.

Question 20

Stanley Miller's 1953 experiments proved that

Accepted Answer

A) life arose on Earth from simple inorganic molecules. 
B) organic molecules can be synthesized abiotically under conditions that may have existed on early Earth. 
C) life arose on Earth from simple organic molecules, with energy from lightning and volcanoes. 
D) the conditions on early Earth were conducive to the origin of life. 
E) the conditions on early Earth were conducive to the abiotic synthesis of organic molecules. 
A) life arose on Earth from simple inorganic molecules. 
B) organic molecules can be synthesized abiotically under conditions that may have existed on early Earth. 
C) life arose on Earth from simple organic molecules, with energy from lightning and volcanoes. 
D) the conditions on early Earth were conducive to the origin of life. 
E) the conditions on early Earth were conducive to the abiotic synthesis of organic molecules.

Exam 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which of the groups shown above is a carbonyl functional group?

Use the following information to answer the questions below. You are investigating the differences between three organic compounds. They all have the same carbon skeleton but have differences in their functional groups. -Organic chemistry is currently defined as

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which molecule shown above is a thiol?

Stanley Miller's 1953 experiments assumed that early Earth's atmosphere contained

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which of the groups above is an acidic functional group that can dissociate and release H⁺ into a solution?

Which pair of molecules shown below are not enantiomers of a single molecule?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which of the groups shown above is a functional group that helps stabilize proteins by forming covalent cross-links within or between protein molecules?

The complexity and variety of organic molecules is due to

Compared to a hydrocarbon chain where all the carbon atoms are linked by single bonds, a hydrocarbon chain with the same number of carbon atoms, but with one or more double bonds, will

Differences among organisms are caused by

Of the biologically important functional groups listed below, which is not reactive but serves as a tag or marker?

A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond(s)with other atoms?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which molecule shown above contains a functional group that cells use to transfer energy between organic molecules?

Use the following information to answer the questions below. You are investigating the differences between three organic compounds. They all have the same carbon skeleton but have differences in their functional groups. -Which of the following hydrocarbons has a double bond in its carbon skeleton?

Amino acids are acids because they always possess which functional group?

The element present in all organic molecules is

Which of the following is a false statement concerning amino groups?

Stanley Miller's 1953 experiments proved that

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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