Exam 33: An Introduction to Invertebrates

Use the following information to answer the questions below. Nudibranchs, a type of predatory sea slug, can have various protuberances (i.e., extensions) on their dorsal surfaces. Rhinophores are paired structures, located close to the head, which bear many chemoreceptors. Dorsal plummules, usually located posteriorly, perform respiratory gas exchange. Cerata usually cover much of the dorsal surface and contain nematocysts at their tips. -The stingers of honeybees have a function most similar to that of

-Which of the following factors, when used to label the horizontal axis of the above graph, would account most directly for the shape of the plot?

If the teacher wanted to show the students what a lophophore is and how it works, the teacher would point out a feeding

How many of the following can be observed in the mesohyl of various undisturbed sponges at one time or another? 1. amoebocytes 2. spicules 3. spongin 4. zygotes 5. choanocytes

What would be the most effective method of reducing the incidence of blood flukes in a human population?

Use the following information to answer the questions below. This nudibranch, a type of sea slug, has many reddish cerata on its dorsal surface, as well as two, white-tipped rhinophores located on the head. The nontaxonomic term sea slug encompasses a wide variety of marine gastropods. One feature they share as adults is the lack of a shell. We might think, therefore, that they represent defenceless morsels for predators. In fact, sea slugs have multiple defences. Some sea slugs prey on sponges and concentrate sponge toxins in their tissues. Others feed on cnidarians, digesting everything except the nematocysts, which they then transfer to their own skins. Whereas the most brightly coloured sea slugs are often highly toxic, others are nontoxic and mimic the colouration of the toxic species. Their colours are mostly derived from pigments in their prey. There are also sea slugs that use their colouration to blend into their environments. -The nematocysts of sea slugs should be most effective at protecting individual sea slugs from predation if the predators

Corals are most closely related to which group?

Which of the following is a major disadvantage of exoskeletons?

Which characteristic(s)is (are)shared by both cnidarians and flatworms?

Which of the following is a diploblastic phylum of aquatic predators?

Use the following information to answer the questions below. An elementary school science teacher decided to liven up the classroom with a saltwater aquarium. Knowing that saltwater aquaria can be quite a hassle, the teacher proceeded stepwise. First, the teacher conditioned the water. Next, the teacher decided to stock the tank with various marine invertebrates, including a polychaete, a siliceous sponge, several bivalves, a shrimp, several sea anemones of different types, a colonial hydra, a few coral species, an ectoproct, a sea star, and several herbivorous gastropod varieties. Lastly, she added some vertebrates-a parrotfish and a clownfish. She arranged for daily feedings of copepods and feeder fish. -One day, little Tommy (a student in an undersupervised class of 40 fifth graders)got the urge to pet Nemo (the clownfish), who was swimming among the waving petals of a pretty underwater "flower" that had a big hole in the midst of the petals. Tommy giggled upon finding that these petals felt sticky. A few hours later, Tommy was in the nurse's office with nausea and cramps. Microscopic examination of his fingers would probably have revealed the presence of

Protostome pattern of development differs from deuterostome in cleavage, gastrulation, and coelom formation. What both patterns of development have in common is the evolution of bilateral symmetry and a body cavity lined with mesoderm. Most of protostome evolution took place in oceans and there are many lineages of ptotostomes exhibiting diverse body forms. -Protostome evolution is characterized by several innovations, with the exception of

One should expect to find the "9 + 2 pattern" of microtubules in association with the feeding apparatus of which of the following?

Which of the following is a characteristic of nematodes?

Had the teacher wanted to point out organisms that belong to the most successful animal phylum, the teacher should have chosen the

While sampling marine plankton in a lab, a student encounters large numbers of fertilized eggs. The student rears some of the eggs in the laboratory for further study and finds that the blastopore becomes the mouth. The embryo develops into a trochophore larva and eventually has a true coelom. These eggs probably belonged to a(n)

The larvae of many common tapeworm species that infect humans are usually found

Use the following information to answer the questions below. Nudibranchs, a type of predatory sea slug, can have various protuberances (i.e., extensions) on their dorsal surfaces. Rhinophores are paired structures, located close to the head, which bear many chemoreceptors. Dorsal plummules, usually located posteriorly, perform respiratory gas exchange. Cerata usually cover much of the dorsal surface and contain nematocysts at their tips. -The small, thin extensions of the skin on the aboral surfaces of sea stars have a function most similar to that of

A shared derived characteristic for members of the arthropod subgroup that includes spiders would be the presence of

In a tide pool, a student encounters an organism with a hard outer covering that contains much calcium carbonate, an open circulatory system, and gills. The organism could potentially be a crab, a shrimp, a barnacle, or a bivalve. The presence of which of the following structures would allow for the most certain identification of the organism?