Question 1

What drives the flow of water through the xylem?

Accepted Answer

A) passive transport by the endodermis 
B) the number of companion cells in the phloem 
C) the evaporation of water from the leaves 
D) active transport by sieve-tube elements 
E) active transport by tracheid and vessel elements 
A) passive transport by the endodermis 
B) the number of companion cells in the phloem 
C) the evaporation of water from the leaves 
D) active transport by sieve-tube elements 
E) active transport by tracheid and vessel elements C

Question 2

Pine seedlings grown in sterile potting soil grow much more slowly than seedlings grown in soil from the area where the seeds were collected. This is most likely because

Accepted Answer

A) the sterilization process kills the root hairs as they emerge from the seedling. 
B) the normal symbiotic fungi are not present in the sterilized soil. 
C) sterilization removes essential nutrients from the soil. 
D) water and mineral uptake are faster when mycorrhizae are present. 
E) B and D. 
A) the sterilization process kills the root hairs as they emerge from the seedling. 
B) the normal symbiotic fungi are not present in the sterilized soil. 
C) sterilization removes essential nutrients from the soil. 
D) water and mineral uptake are faster when mycorrhizae are present. 
E) B and D. E

Question 3

Given that early land plants most likely share a common ancestor with green algae, the earliest land plants were most likely

Accepted Answer

A) nonvascular plants that grew leafless photosynthetic shoots above the shallow fresh water in which they lived. 
B) species that did not exhibit alternation of generations. 
C) vascular plants with well-defined root systems. 
D) plants with well-developed leaves. 
E) species with a well-developed, thick cuticle. 
A) nonvascular plants that grew leafless photosynthetic shoots above the shallow fresh water in which they lived. 
B) species that did not exhibit alternation of generations. 
C) vascular plants with well-defined root systems. 
D) plants with well-developed leaves. 
E) species with a well-developed, thick cuticle. A

Question 4

Phloem transport of sucrose is often described as going from source to sink. Which of the following would not normally function as a sink?

Accepted Answer

A) growing leaf 
B) growing root 
C) storage organ in summer 
D) mature leaf 
E) shoot tip 
A) growing leaf 
B) growing root 
C) storage organ in summer 
D) mature leaf 
E) shoot tip

Question 5

Several tomato plants are growing in a small garden plot. If soil water potential were to drop significantly on a hot summer afternoon, which of the following would most likely occur?

Accepted Answer

A) Stomatal apertures would decrease. 
B) Transpiration would increase. 
C) The leaves would become more turgid. 
D) The uptake of CO₂ would be enhanced. 
E) The proton gradient would dissipate. 
A) Stomatal apertures would decrease. 
B) Transpiration would increase. 
C) The leaves would become more turgid. 
D) The uptake of CO₂ would be enhanced. 
E) The proton gradient would dissipate.

Question 6

Which of the following experimental procedures would most likely reduce transpiration while allowing the normal growth of a plant?

Accepted Answer

A) subjecting the leaves of the plant to a partial vacuum 
B) increasing the level of carbon dioxide around the plant 
C) putting the plant in drier soil 
D) decreasing the relative humidity around the plant 
E) injecting potassium ions into the guard cells of the plant 
A) subjecting the leaves of the plant to a partial vacuum 
B) increasing the level of carbon dioxide around the plant 
C) putting the plant in drier soil 
D) decreasing the relative humidity around the plant 
E) injecting potassium ions into the guard cells of the plant

Question 7

The water lost during transpiration is a side effect of the plant's exchange of gases. However, the plant derives some benefit from this water loss in the form of

Accepted Answer

A) evaporative cooling. 
B) mineral transport. 
C) increased turgor. 
D) increased growth, 
E) only evaporative cooling and mineral transport. 
A) evaporative cooling. 
B) mineral transport. 
C) increased turgor. 
D) increased growth, 
E) only evaporative cooling and mineral transport.

Question 8

All of the following involve active transport across membranes except

Accepted Answer

A) the movement of mineral nutrients from the apoplast to the symplast. 
B) the movement of sugar from mesophyll cells into sieve-tube elements. 
C) the movement of sugar from one sieve-tube element to the next. 
D) the movement of K⁺ across guard cell membranes during stomatal opening. 
E) the movement of mineral nutrients into cells of the root cortex. 
A) the movement of mineral nutrients from the apoplast to the symplast. 
B) the movement of sugar from mesophyll cells into sieve-tube elements. 
C) the movement of sugar from one sieve-tube element to the next. 
D) the movement of K⁺ across guard cell membranes during stomatal opening. 
E) the movement of mineral nutrients into cells of the root cortex.

Question 9

What would you predict would happen to this plant if the stomata failed to close?

Accepted Answer

A) Transpiration does not go on all the time, so transpiration would eventually stop. 
B) The plant would cool down quickly, which would slow down photosynthesis. 
C) The roots would grow bigger to absorb more water and the plant would keep growing. 
D) Without unlimited adequate water to replace the water lost by transpiration, the plant would wilt and eventually die 
E) The leaves would eventually evolve to have fewer stomata and the plant would keep growing. 
A) Transpiration does not go on all the time, so transpiration would eventually stop. 
B) The plant would cool down quickly, which would slow down photosynthesis. 
C) The roots would grow bigger to absorb more water and the plant would keep growing. 
D) Without unlimited adequate water to replace the water lost by transpiration, the plant would wilt and eventually die 
E) The leaves would eventually evolve to have fewer stomata and the plant would keep growing.

Question 10

Arrange the following five events in an order that explains the mass flow of materials in the phloem. 1. Water diffuses into the sieve tubes.
2. Leaf cells produce sugar by photosynthesis.
3. Solutes are actively transported into sieve tubes.
4. Sugar is transported from cell to cell in the leaf.
5. Sugar moves down the stem.

Accepted Answer

A) 2, 1, 4, 3, 5 
B) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 
C) 2, 4, 3, 1, 5 
D) 4, 2, 1, 3, 5 
E) 2, 4, 1, 3, 5 
A) 2, 1, 4, 3, 5 
B) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 
C) 2, 4, 3, 1, 5 
D) 4, 2, 1, 3, 5 
E) 2, 4, 1, 3, 5

Question 11

Active transport of various materials in plants at the cellular level requires all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) a proton gradient. 
B) ATP. 
C) membrane potential. 
D) transport proteins. 
E) xylem membranes. 
A) a proton gradient. 
B) ATP. 
C) membrane potential. 
D) transport proteins. 
E) xylem membranes.

Question 12

Which of the following would likely not contribute to the surface area available for water absorption from the soil by a plant root system?

Accepted Answer

A) root hairs 
B) endodermis 
C) mycorrhizae 
D) fungi associated with the roots 
E) fibrous arrangement of the roots 
A) root hairs 
B) endodermis 
C) mycorrhizae 
D) fungi associated with the roots 
E) fibrous arrangement of the roots

Question 13

Plasmodesmata can change in number, and when dilated can provide a passageway for

Accepted Answer

A) macromolecules such as RNA and proteins. 
B) ribosomes. 
C) chloroplasts. 
D) mitochondria. 
E) cytoskeletal components. 
A) macromolecules such as RNA and proteins. 
B) ribosomes. 
C) chloroplasts. 
D) mitochondria. 
E) cytoskeletal components.

Question 14

Phloem transport is described as being from source to sink. Which of the following would most accurately complete this statement about phloem transport as applied to most plants in the late spring? Phloem transports ________ from the ________ source to the ________ sink.

Accepted Answer

A) amino acids; root; mycorrhizae 
B) sugars; leaf; apical meristem 
C) nucleic acids; flower; root 
D) proteins; root; leaf 
E) sugars; stem; root 
A) amino acids; root; mycorrhizae 
B) sugars; leaf; apical meristem 
C) nucleic acids; flower; root 
D) proteins; root; leaf 
E) sugars; stem; root

Question 15

Which cells in a root form a protective barrier to the vascular system where all materials must move through the symplast?

Accepted Answer

A) pericycle 
B) cortex 
C) epidermis 
D) endodermis 
E) exodermis 
A) pericycle 
B) cortex 
C) epidermis 
D) endodermis 
E) exodermis

Question 16

If ΨP = 0.3 MPa and ΨS = -0.45 MPa, the resulting Ψ is

Accepted Answer

A) +0.75 MPa. 
B) -0.75 MPa. 
C) -0.15 MPa. 
D) +0.15 MPa. 
E) -0.42 MPa. 
A) +0.75 MPa. 
B) -0.75 MPa. 
C) -0.15 MPa. 
D) +0.15 MPa. 
E) -0.42 MPa.

Question 17

One would expect to find the highest density of aquaporins in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) the plasma membrane of guard cells 
B) the pits of a tracheid 
C) the plasma membrane of parenchyma cells in a ripe fruit 
D) the plasma membrane of a mature mesophyll cell in a leaf 
E) the membrane lining plasmodesmata 
A) the plasma membrane of guard cells 
B) the pits of a tracheid 
C) the plasma membrane of parenchyma cells in a ripe fruit 
D) the plasma membrane of a mature mesophyll cell in a leaf 
E) the membrane lining plasmodesmata

Question 18

Which of the following is not a function of the plasma membrane proton pump?

Accepted Answer

A) hydrolyzes ATP 
B) produces a proton gradient 
C) generates a membrane potential 
D) equalizes the charge on each side of a membrane 
E) stores potential energy on one side of a membrane 
A) hydrolyzes ATP 
B) produces a proton gradient 
C) generates a membrane potential 
D) equalizes the charge on each side of a membrane 
E) stores potential energy on one side of a membrane

Question 19

The following photo shows a strawberry leaf. Answer the following questions.
  
-What is the main cause of the process observed in the photo?

Accepted Answer

A) root pressure 
B) transpiration 
C) pressure flow in phloem 
D) plant injury 
E) condensation of atmospheric water 
A) root pressure 
B) transpiration 
C) pressure flow in phloem 
D) plant injury 
E) condensation of atmospheric water

Question 20

In which plant cell or tissue would the pressure component of water potential most often be negative?

Accepted Answer

A) leaf mesophyll cell 
B) stem xylem 
C) stem phloem 
D) root cortex cell 
E) root epidermis 
A) leaf mesophyll cell 
B) stem xylem 
C) stem phloem 
D) root cortex cell 
E) root epidermis

Exam 36: Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

What drives the flow of water through the xylem?

Pine seedlings grown in sterile potting soil grow much more slowly than seedlings grown in soil from the area where the seeds were collected. This is most likely because

Given that early land plants most likely share a common ancestor with green algae, the earliest land plants were most likely

Phloem transport of sucrose is often described as going from source to sink. Which of the following would not normally function as a sink?

Several tomato plants are growing in a small garden plot. If soil water potential were to drop significantly on a hot summer afternoon, which of the following would most likely occur?

Which of the following experimental procedures would most likely reduce transpiration while allowing the normal growth of a plant?

The water lost during transpiration is a side effect of the plant's exchange of gases. However, the plant derives some benefit from this water loss in the form of

All of the following involve active transport across membranes except

What would you predict would happen to this plant if the stomata failed to close?

Active transport of various materials in plants at the cellular level requires all of the following except

Which of the following would likely not contribute to the surface area available for water absorption from the soil by a plant root system?

Plasmodesmata can change in number, and when dilated can provide a passageway for

Phloem transport is described as being from source to sink. Which of the following would most accurately complete this statement about phloem transport as applied to most plants in the late spring? Phloem transports ________ from the ________ source to the ________ sink.

Which cells in a root form a protective barrier to the vascular system where all materials must move through the symplast?

If ΨP = 0.3 MPa and ΨS = -0.45 MPa, the resulting Ψ is

One would expect to find the highest density of aquaporins in which of the following?

Which of the following is not a function of the plasma membrane proton pump?

The following photo shows a strawberry leaf. Answer the following questions. -What is the main cause of the process observed in the photo?

In which plant cell or tissue would the pressure component of water potential most often be negative?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters

Phloem transport is described as being from source to sink. Which of the following would most accurately complete this statement about phloem transport as applied to most plants in the late spring? Phloem transports from the source to the sink.