Question 1

The cochlea is an organ of auditory transduction that contains

Accepted Answer

A) fluid and cells that can undergo mechanosensory transduction. 
B) air and cells that produce wax. 
C) air and small bones that vibrate in response to sound waves. 
D) fluid with stacks of chemosensory cells. 
E) air and statocysts activated by movement. 
A) fluid and cells that can undergo mechanosensory transduction. 
B) air and cells that produce wax. 
C) air and small bones that vibrate in response to sound waves. 
D) fluid with stacks of chemosensory cells. 
E) air and statocysts activated by movement. A

Question 2

The following questions refer to this diagram of the ear.
  
-Vibrations of the tympanic membrane to the oval window are transmitted by the structures at which numbers?

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2, 3, and 4 
B) 2, 3, and 4 
C) 3 and 4 
D) 4 
E) 5 
A) 1, 2, 3, and 4 
B) 2, 3, and 4 
C) 3 and 4 
D) 4 
E) 5 C

Question 3

Sensory transduction of light/dark information in the vertebrate retina is accomplished by

Accepted Answer

A) ganglion cells. 
B) amacrine cells. 
C) bipolar cells. 
D) horizontal cells. 
E) rods and cones. 
A) ganglion cells. 
B) amacrine cells. 
C) bipolar cells. 
D) horizontal cells. 
E) rods and cones. E

Question 4

Olfaction differs from gustation in that

Accepted Answer

A) gustation depends on cilia. 
B) gustation depends on chemoreceptors. 
C) the sensory cells of olfaction are neurons. 
D) tastants are dissolved in mucus. 
E) the sensory cells of gustation are neurons. 
A) gustation depends on cilia. 
B) gustation depends on chemoreceptors. 
C) the sensory cells of olfaction are neurons. 
D) tastants are dissolved in mucus. 
E) the sensory cells of gustation are neurons.

Question 5

In a relaxed skeletal muscle, actin is not chemically bound to

Accepted Answer

A) myosin. 
B) troponin. 
C) tropomyosin. 
D) Z lines. 
A) myosin. 
B) troponin. 
C) tropomyosin. 
D) Z lines.

Question 6

Artificial electrical stimulation of a human's menthol-sensitive neurons would likely produce the sensation of

Accepted Answer

A) cold temperature. 
B) hot temperature. 
C) tactile stimulus. 
D) odour of pepper. 
E) deep pressure. 
A) cold temperature. 
B) hot temperature. 
C) tactile stimulus. 
D) odour of pepper. 
E) deep pressure.

Question 7

Experiments with genetically altered mice showed that the mice would consume abnormally high amounts of bitter-tasting compounds in water after their

Accepted Answer

A) hormone receptors for digestive hormones were reduced or eliminated, showing that bitter tastes are reinforced by digestive responses. 
B) salt-taste cells were altered to express receptors for bitter tastants, suggesting that animals have unregulated salt appetites. 
C) visual sense was reduced or eliminated, suggesting that mice learn visual cues about bitter tastes. 
D) olfactory sense was reduced or eliminated, suggesting that mice learn odour cues about bitter tastes. 
E) sweet-taste cells were altered to express receptors for bitter tastants, suggesting that the sensation of taste depends only on which taste cell is stimulated. 
A) hormone receptors for digestive hormones were reduced or eliminated, showing that bitter tastes are reinforced by digestive responses. 
B) salt-taste cells were altered to express receptors for bitter tastants, suggesting that animals have unregulated salt appetites. 
C) visual sense was reduced or eliminated, suggesting that mice learn visual cues about bitter tastes. 
D) olfactory sense was reduced or eliminated, suggesting that mice learn odour cues about bitter tastes. 
E) sweet-taste cells were altered to express receptors for bitter tastants, suggesting that the sensation of taste depends only on which taste cell is stimulated.

Question 8

Action potentials differ from receptor potentials in that

Accepted Answer

A) receptor potentials are all or none events. 
B) action potentials are graded. 
C) receptor potentials are graded. 
D) action potentials occur more frequently. 
E) action potentials occur with greater magnitude. 
A) receptor potentials are all or none events. 
B) action potentials are graded. 
C) receptor potentials are graded. 
D) action potentials occur more frequently. 
E) action potentials occur with greater magnitude.

Question 9

The muscles of a recently deceased human can remain in a contracted state, termed rigor mortis, for several hours, due to the lack of

Accepted Answer

A) phosphorylated myosin. 
B) ATP needed to break actin-myosin bonds. 
C) calcium ions needed to bind to troponin. 
D) oxygen supplies needed for myoglobin. 
E) sodium ions needed to fire action potentials. 
A) phosphorylated myosin. 
B) ATP needed to break actin-myosin bonds. 
C) calcium ions needed to bind to troponin. 
D) oxygen supplies needed for myoglobin. 
E) sodium ions needed to fire action potentials.

Question 10

Artificial electrical stimulation of a human's capsaicin-sensitive neurons would likely produce the sensation of

Accepted Answer

A) cold temperature. 
B) hot temperature. 
C) tactile stimulus. 
D) odour of pepper. 
E) deep pressure. 
A) cold temperature. 
B) hot temperature. 
C) tactile stimulus. 
D) odour of pepper. 
E) deep pressure.

Question 11

Chitin is a major component of

Accepted Answer

A) the skeleton of mammals. 
B) the hydrostatic skeletons of earthworms. 
C) the exoskeleton of insects. 
D) the body hairs of mammals. 
E) the skeleton in birds. 
A) the skeleton of mammals. 
B) the hydrostatic skeletons of earthworms. 
C) the exoskeleton of insects. 
D) the body hairs of mammals. 
E) the skeleton in birds.

Question 12

The middle ear converts

Accepted Answer

A) air pressure waves to fluid pressure waves. 
B) fluid pressure waves to air pressure waves. 
C) air pressure waves to nerve impulses. 
D) fluid pressure waves to nerve impulses. 
E) pressure waves to hair cell movements. 
A) air pressure waves to fluid pressure waves. 
B) fluid pressure waves to air pressure waves. 
C) air pressure waves to nerve impulses. 
D) fluid pressure waves to nerve impulses. 
E) pressure waves to hair cell movements.

Question 13

The muscle spindle is

Accepted Answer

A) an actin-myosin complex. 
B) a troponin-tropomyosin complex. 
C) axons wound around muscle fibres. 
D) a group of dendrite-encircled muscle fibres. 
E) a muscle cell that makes up a muscle group. 
A) an actin-myosin complex. 
B) a troponin-tropomyosin complex. 
C) axons wound around muscle fibres. 
D) a group of dendrite-encircled muscle fibres. 
E) a muscle cell that makes up a muscle group.

Question 14

Which of the following matches is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A) compound eye - bee 
B) ocelli - Planarian 
C) compound eye - Annelid 
D) single lens - spider 
E) single lens - house fly 
A) compound eye - bee 
B) ocelli - Planarian 
C) compound eye - Annelid 
D) single lens - spider 
E) single lens - house fly

Question 15

Action potentials in the heart move from one contractile cell to the next via

Accepted Answer

A) chemical synapses using acetylcholine. 
B) chemical synapses using norepinephrine. 
C) electrical synapses using gap junctions. 
D) myelinated motor neurons. 
E) non-myelinated motor neurons. 
A) chemical synapses using acetylcholine. 
B) chemical synapses using norepinephrine. 
C) electrical synapses using gap junctions. 
D) myelinated motor neurons. 
E) non-myelinated motor neurons.

Question 16

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
The migration path of monarch butterflies brings them from Eastern Canada to Mexico over a long, multi-generational journey. During a series of experiments in a chamber, monarchs were observed to fly in a southwest direction. When their circadian rhythms were altered by -6 and +6 hours, the monarchs flew in a southeast or northwest direction, respectively.
-Which of the following sensory receptors is incorrectly paired with its category?

Accepted Answer

A) hair cell-mechanoreceptor 
B) muscle spindle-mechanoreceptor 
C) taste receptor-chemoreceptor 
D) rod-electromagnetic receptor 
E) olfactory receptor-electromagnetic receptor 
A) hair cell-mechanoreceptor 
B) muscle spindle-mechanoreceptor 
C) taste receptor-chemoreceptor 
D) rod-electromagnetic receptor 
E) olfactory receptor-electromagnetic receptor

Question 17

Myasthenia gravis is a form of muscle paralysis in which

Accepted Answer

A) motor neurons lose their myelination and the ability to rapidly fire action potentials. 
B) acetylcholine receptors are destroyed by an overactive immune system. 
C) ATP production becomes uncoupled from mitochondrial electron transport. 
D) the spinal cord is infected with a virus that attacks muscle stretch receptors. 
E) troponin molecules become unable to bind calcium ions. 
A) motor neurons lose their myelination and the ability to rapidly fire action potentials. 
B) acetylcholine receptors are destroyed by an overactive immune system. 
C) ATP production becomes uncoupled from mitochondrial electron transport. 
D) the spinal cord is infected with a virus that attacks muscle stretch receptors. 
E) troponin molecules become unable to bind calcium ions.

Question 18

Umami perception follows the oral presence of

Accepted Answer

A) sugar water. 
B) a rich chocolate flavour. 
C) a savory and complex cheese. 
D) acidic orange juice. 
E) salt water. 
A) sugar water. 
B) a rich chocolate flavour. 
C) a savory and complex cheese. 
D) acidic orange juice. 
E) salt water.

Question 19

Muscle cells are stimulated by neurotransmitters released from the synaptic terminals of

Accepted Answer

A) T tubules. 
B) motor neuron axons. 
C) sensory neuron axons. 
D) motor neuron dendrites. 
E) sensory neuron dendrites. 
A) T tubules. 
B) motor neuron axons. 
C) sensory neuron axons. 
D) motor neuron dendrites. 
E) sensory neuron dendrites.

Question 20

Sound waves arriving at a listener first strike the

Accepted Answer

A) tectorial membrane. 
B) tympanic membrane. 
C) round-window membrane. 
D) hair cell membrane. 
E) basilar membrane. 
A) tectorial membrane. 
B) tympanic membrane. 
C) round-window membrane. 
D) hair cell membrane. 
E) basilar membrane.

Exam 50: Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

The cochlea is an organ of auditory transduction that contains

The following questions refer to this diagram of the ear. -Vibrations of the tympanic membrane to the oval window are transmitted by the structures at which numbers?

Sensory transduction of light/dark information in the vertebrate retina is accomplished by

Olfaction differs from gustation in that

In a relaxed skeletal muscle, actin is not chemically bound to

Artificial electrical stimulation of a human's menthol-sensitive neurons would likely produce the sensation of

Experiments with genetically altered mice showed that the mice would consume abnormally high amounts of bitter-tasting compounds in water after their

Action potentials differ from receptor potentials in that

The muscles of a recently deceased human can remain in a contracted state, termed rigor mortis, for several hours, due to the lack of

Artificial electrical stimulation of a human's capsaicin-sensitive neurons would likely produce the sensation of

Chitin is a major component of

The middle ear converts

The muscle spindle is

Which of the following matches is incorrect?

Action potentials in the heart move from one contractile cell to the next via

Myasthenia gravis is a form of muscle paralysis in which

Umami perception follows the oral presence of

Muscle cells are stimulated by neurotransmitters released from the synaptic terminals of

Sound waves arriving at a listener first strike the

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

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Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

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Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

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The History of Life on Earth

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Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

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An Overview of Animal Diversity

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Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

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The Immune System

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Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

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An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

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