Exam 21: Genomes and Their Evolution

Two eukaryotic proteins have one domain in common but are otherwise very different. Which of the following processes is most likely to have contributed to this similarity?

A microarray known as a GeneChip, with most now-known human protein coding sequences, has been developed to aid in the study of human cancer by first comparing two to three subsets of cancer subtypes. What kind of information might be gleaned from this GeneChip to aid in cancer prevention?

Bioinformatics includes all of the following except

Which of the following is a representation of gene density?

Why is it unwise to try to relate an organism's complexity with its size or number of cells?

Use the following information to help you answer the next few questions. Multigene families include two or more nearly identical genes or genes sharing nearly identical sequences. A classical example is the set of genes for globin molecules, including genes on human chromosomes 11 and 16. -How might identical and obviously duplicated gene sequences have gotten from one chromosome to another?

Use the following figure to answer the next few questions. Types of DNA sequences in the human genome. The pie chart above represents the relative frequencies of the following in the human genome: I. repetitive DNA unrelated to transposons II. repetitive DNA that includes transposons III. unique noncoding DNA IV. introns and regulatory sequences V. exons -Which region is occupied by exons only (V)?

It took 13 years and multiple labs to complete the first sequencing of the human genome (from 1990-2003). In 2007, a lab could complete the task in four months. This dramatic change in time to completion is a result of

What is the most probable explanation for the presence of pseudogenes in a genome such as our own?

Which of the following studies would not likely be characterized as evo-devo?

The α-globin and β-globin gene families are found on different chromosomes in humans. What is the suspected reason for this?

Gene sequences that remain very similar over many species are said to be

Unequal crossing over during prophase I can result in one sister chromosome with a deletion and another with a duplication. A mutated form of hemoglobin, known as hemoglobin Lepore, is known in the human population. Hemoglobin Lepore has a deleted set of amino acids. If it were caused by unequal crossing over, what would be an expected consequence?

What is bioinformatics?

In order to determine the probable function of a particular sequence of DNA in humans, what might be the most reasonable approach?

Use the following figure to answer the next few questions. Types of DNA sequences in the human genome. The pie chart above represents the relative frequencies of the following in the human genome: I. repetitive DNA unrelated to transposons II. repetitive DNA that includes transposons III. unique noncoding DNA IV. introns and regulatory sequences V. exons -Which region includes Alu elements and LI sequences?

Which procedure is not required when the shotgun approach to sequencing is modified as sequencing by synthesis, in which many small fragments are sequenced simultaneously?

What are genomic "hot spots"?

What is proteomics?

What is metagenomics?