Question 1

All animals, whether large or small, have

Accepted Answer

A) an external body surface that is dry. 
B) a basic body plan that resembles a two-layered sac. 
C) a body surface covered with hair to keep them warm. 
D) the ability to enter dormancy when resources become scarce. 
E) each living cell in contact with an aqueous medium. 
A) an external body surface that is dry. 
B) a basic body plan that resembles a two-layered sac. 
C) a body surface covered with hair to keep them warm. 
D) the ability to enter dormancy when resources become scarce. 
E) each living cell in contact with an aqueous medium. E

Question 2

All skeletal muscle fibres are both

Accepted Answer

A) smooth and under involuntary control. 
B) smooth and operate independently of other skeletal muscle fibres. 
C) striated and under voluntary control. 
D) smooth and under voluntary control. 
E) striated and electrically coupled to neighbouring fibres. 
A) smooth and under involuntary control. 
B) smooth and operate independently of other skeletal muscle fibres. 
C) striated and under voluntary control. 
D) smooth and under voluntary control. 
E) striated and electrically coupled to neighbouring fibres. C

Question 3

Penguins, seals, and tuna have body forms that permit rapid swimming, because

Accepted Answer

A) all share a common ancestor at some point in the past. 
B) all of their bodies have been compressed since birth by intensive underwater pressures. 
C) flying, pregnancy, and gill-breathing all require similar adaptations in form. 
D) the shape is a convergent evolutionary solution to the need to reduce drag while swimming. 
E) this is the only shape that will allow them to maintain a constant body temperature in water. 
A) all share a common ancestor at some point in the past. 
B) all of their bodies have been compressed since birth by intensive underwater pressures. 
C) flying, pregnancy, and gill-breathing all require similar adaptations in form. 
D) the shape is a convergent evolutionary solution to the need to reduce drag while swimming. 
E) this is the only shape that will allow them to maintain a constant body temperature in water. D

Question 4

In a survivably cold environment, an ectotherm is more likely to survive an extended period of food deprivation than would an equally sized endotherm because the ectotherm

Accepted Answer

A) maintains a higher basal metabolic rate. 
B) expends more energy per kg of body mass than does the endotherm. 
C) invests little energy in temperature regulation. 
D) metabolizes its stored energy more readily than can the endotherm. 
E) has greater insulation on its body surface. 
A) maintains a higher basal metabolic rate. 
B) expends more energy per kg of body mass than does the endotherm. 
C) invests little energy in temperature regulation. 
D) metabolizes its stored energy more readily than can the endotherm. 
E) has greater insulation on its body surface.

Question 5

Which choice best describes a reasonable mechanism for animal structures becoming better suited over evolutionary time to specific functions?

Accepted Answer

A) Animals that eat the most food become the most abundant. 
B) Animals that restrict their food intake will become less abundant. 
C) Animals with mutations that give rise to effective structures will become more abundant. 
D) Animals with inventions that curtail reproduction will become more abundant. 
E) Animals with parents that continually improve their offspring's structures will become more abundant. 
A) Animals that eat the most food become the most abundant. 
B) Animals that restrict their food intake will become less abundant. 
C) Animals with mutations that give rise to effective structures will become more abundant. 
D) Animals with inventions that curtail reproduction will become more abundant. 
E) Animals with parents that continually improve their offspring's structures will become more abundant.

Question 6

Consider the energy budgets for a human, an elephant, a penguin, a mouse, and a snake. The ________ would have the highest total annual energy expenditure, and the ________ would have the highest energy expenditure per unit mass.

Accepted Answer

A) elephant; mouse 
B) elephant; human 
C) human; penguin 
D) mouse; snake 
E) penguin; mouse 
A) elephant; mouse 
B) elephant; human 
C) human; penguin 
D) mouse; snake 
E) penguin; mouse

Question 7

During its months-long hibernation in its burrow, the body temperature of a ground squirrel

Accepted Answer

A) is held at a constant 37°C. 
B) is held at a constant 5°C. 
C) varies between 5°C and 37°C, depending on the frequency of arousals from hibernation. 
D) varies between 5°C and 15°C, depending on the external temperature outside of the burrow. 
E) varies between -5°C and +5°C, depending on the temperature in the burrow. 
A) is held at a constant 37°C. 
B) is held at a constant 5°C. 
C) varies between 5°C and 37°C, depending on the frequency of arousals from hibernation. 
D) varies between 5°C and 15°C, depending on the external temperature outside of the burrow. 
E) varies between -5°C and +5°C, depending on the temperature in the burrow.

Question 8

Catabolism of specialized brown fat depots in certain animals is substantially increased during

Accepted Answer

A) acclimatization. 
B) torpor. 
C) evaporative cooling. 
D) nonshivering thermogenesis. 
E) shivering thermogenesis. 
A) acclimatization. 
B) torpor. 
C) evaporative cooling. 
D) nonshivering thermogenesis. 
E) shivering thermogenesis.

Question 9

The specialized function shared by the cells that line the lungs and those that line the lumen of the gut is that both types of cells

Accepted Answer

A) receive their oxygen directly from inhaled air and ingested foods. 
B) provide abundant exchange surface. 
C) have exceptionally high numbers of cellular organelles in the cytoplasm. 
D) offer greater protection due to increased membrane thickness. 
E) have a lowered basal metabolic rate due to cooperative exchange between cells. 
A) receive their oxygen directly from inhaled air and ingested foods. 
B) provide abundant exchange surface. 
C) have exceptionally high numbers of cellular organelles in the cytoplasm. 
D) offer greater protection due to increased membrane thickness. 
E) have a lowered basal metabolic rate due to cooperative exchange between cells.

Question 10

Animals with a complex body plan can maintain homeostasis in a changing environment by using all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) sensory organs that provide information about the animal's environment. 
B) internal digestive organs that break down food gradually. 
C) an external skeleton that provides protection against predators. 
D) a gastrovascular cavity that opens directly to the external environment. 
E) filtration system that can change the composition of the interstitial and circulatory fluid. 
A) sensory organs that provide information about the animal's environment. 
B) internal digestive organs that break down food gradually. 
C) an external skeleton that provides protection against predators. 
D) a gastrovascular cavity that opens directly to the external environment. 
E) filtration system that can change the composition of the interstitial and circulatory fluid.

Question 11

The body tissue that consists largely of material located outside of cells is

Accepted Answer

A) epithelial tissue. 
B) connective tissue. 
C) skeletal muscle. 
D) smooth muscle. 
E) nervous tissue. 
A) epithelial tissue. 
B) connective tissue. 
C) skeletal muscle. 
D) smooth muscle. 
E) nervous tissue.

Question 12

When the temperature of the outside air exceeds their internal body temperature, jackrabbits living in hot, arid lands will

Accepted Answer

A) dilate the blood vessels in their large ears to transfer more body heat to the environment. 
B) constrict the blood vessels in their large ears to reduce transfer of external heat to the blood in their ears. 
C) increase motor movements to find a sunny area to maximize heat transfer into their bodies. 
D) increase pigmentation in their ears, darkening them to maximize their capacity to take up heat. 
E) begin involuntary shivering of their skeletal muscles in order to generate more metabolic heat. 
A) dilate the blood vessels in their large ears to transfer more body heat to the environment. 
B) constrict the blood vessels in their large ears to reduce transfer of external heat to the blood in their ears. 
C) increase motor movements to find a sunny area to maximize heat transfer into their bodies. 
D) increase pigmentation in their ears, darkening them to maximize their capacity to take up heat. 
E) begin involuntary shivering of their skeletal muscles in order to generate more metabolic heat.

Question 13

Standard metabolic rate (SMR)and basal metabolic rate (BMR)are

Accepted Answer

A) used differently: SMR is measured during exercise, whereas BMR is measured at rest. 
B) used to compare metabolic rate between hibernating and nonhibernating states. 
C) both measured across a wide range of temperatures for a given species. 
D) both standard measurements of fat metabolism in mammals. 
E) both measured in animals in a resting and fasting state. 
A) used differently: SMR is measured during exercise, whereas BMR is measured at rest. 
B) used to compare metabolic rate between hibernating and nonhibernating states. 
C) both measured across a wide range of temperatures for a given species. 
D) both standard measurements of fat metabolism in mammals. 
E) both measured in animals in a resting and fasting state.

Question 14

The type of muscle tissue surrounding internal organs, other than the heart, is

Accepted Answer

A) skeletal muscle. 
B) cardiac muscle. 
C) striated muscle. 
D) intercalated cells. 
E) smooth muscle. 
A) skeletal muscle. 
B) cardiac muscle. 
C) striated muscle. 
D) intercalated cells. 
E) smooth muscle.

Question 15

Muscles are joined to bones by

Accepted Answer

A) ligaments. 
B) tendons. 
C) loose connective tissue. 
D) Haversian systems. 
E) spindle fibres. 
A) ligaments. 
B) tendons. 
C) loose connective tissue. 
D) Haversian systems. 
E) spindle fibres.

Question 16

An overheated and sick dog in a hot environment will have an impaired thermoregulatory response when its

Accepted Answer

A) evaporative heat loss increases. 
B) metabolic heat production decreases. 
C) body temperature increases to match the environmental temperature. 
D) blood vessels near its skin increase vasoconstriction. 
E) behavioural response takes it to a cooler location. 
A) evaporative heat loss increases. 
B) metabolic heat production decreases. 
C) body temperature increases to match the environmental temperature. 
D) blood vessels near its skin increase vasoconstriction. 
E) behavioural response takes it to a cooler location.

Question 17

An animal's inputs of energy and materials would exceed its outputs

Accepted Answer

A) if the animal is an endotherm, which must always take in more energy because of its high metabolic rate. 
B) if it is actively foraging for food. 
C) if it is hibernating. 
D) if it is growing and increasing its mass. 
E) never; homeostasis makes these energy and material budgets always balance. 
A) if the animal is an endotherm, which must always take in more energy because of its high metabolic rate. 
B) if it is actively foraging for food. 
C) if it is hibernating. 
D) if it is growing and increasing its mass. 
E) never; homeostasis makes these energy and material budgets always balance.

Question 18

In a typical nerve cell, the nucleus is found in the

Accepted Answer

A) cell body. 
B) synaptic terminals. 
C) axonal region. 
D) dendritic region. 
E) synapse. 
A) cell body. 
B) synaptic terminals. 
C) axonal region. 
D) dendritic region. 
E) synapse.

Question 19

Interstitial fluid is

Accepted Answer

A) the fluid inside the gastrovascular cavity of Hydra. 
B) the internal environment inside animal cells. 
C) identical to the composition of blood. 
D) the route for the exchange of materials between blood and body cells. 
E) found only in the lumen of the small intestine. 
A) the fluid inside the gastrovascular cavity of Hydra. 
B) the internal environment inside animal cells. 
C) identical to the composition of blood. 
D) the route for the exchange of materials between blood and body cells. 
E) found only in the lumen of the small intestine.

Question 20

Which of the following statements pertaining to the relationship between body size and metabolic rate are true?

Accepted Answer

A) Large ectotherms have a lower metabolic rate than small ectotherms. 
B) There is a positive relationship between metabolic rate and body size. 
C) Large endotherms have a higher metabolic rate than smaller endotherms. 
D) Small ectotherms have a higher metabolic rate than small endotherms. 
E) The BMR of a 200 gram ectotherm is higher than the BMR of a 200 gram endotherm. 
A) Large ectotherms have a lower metabolic rate than small ectotherms. 
B) There is a positive relationship between metabolic rate and body size. 
C) Large endotherms have a higher metabolic rate than smaller endotherms. 
D) Small ectotherms have a higher metabolic rate than small endotherms. 
E) The BMR of a 200 gram ectotherm is higher than the BMR of a 200 gram endotherm.

Exam 40: Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

All animals, whether large or small, have

All skeletal muscle fibres are both

Penguins, seals, and tuna have body forms that permit rapid swimming, because

In a survivably cold environment, an ectotherm is more likely to survive an extended period of food deprivation than would an equally sized endotherm because the ectotherm

Which choice best describes a reasonable mechanism for animal structures becoming better suited over evolutionary time to specific functions?

Consider the energy budgets for a human, an elephant, a penguin, a mouse, and a snake. The ________ would have the highest total annual energy expenditure, and the ________ would have the highest energy expenditure per unit mass.

During its months-long hibernation in its burrow, the body temperature of a ground squirrel

Catabolism of specialized brown fat depots in certain animals is substantially increased during

The specialized function shared by the cells that line the lungs and those that line the lumen of the gut is that both types of cells

Animals with a complex body plan can maintain homeostasis in a changing environment by using all of the following except

The body tissue that consists largely of material located outside of cells is

When the temperature of the outside air exceeds their internal body temperature, jackrabbits living in hot, arid lands will

Standard metabolic rate (SMR)and basal metabolic rate (BMR)are

The type of muscle tissue surrounding internal organs, other than the heart, is

Muscles are joined to bones by

An overheated and sick dog in a hot environment will have an impaired thermoregulatory response when its

An animal's inputs of energy and materials would exceed its outputs

In a typical nerve cell, the nucleus is found in the

Interstitial fluid is

Which of the following statements pertaining to the relationship between body size and metabolic rate are true?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters

Consider the energy budgets for a human, an elephant, a penguin, a mouse, and a snake. The would have the highest total annual energy expenditure, and the would have the highest energy expenditure per unit mass.