Exam 27: Bacteria and Archaea

The following table depicts characteristics of five prokaryotic species (A-E). Use the information in the table to answer the following questions. -Which two species should have much more phospholipid, in the form of bilayers, in their cytoplasms than most other bacteria?

Genetic variation in bacterial populations cannot result from

Which of the following obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic substances-energy that is used, in part, to fix CO₂?

The following table depicts characteristics of five prokaryotic species (A-E). Use the information in the table to answer the following questions. -Which species is most self-sustaining in terms of obtaining nutrition in environments containing little fixed nitrogen or carbon?

The following table depicts characteristics of five prokaryotic species (A-E). Use the information in the table to answer the following questions. -Which species is probably an important contributor to the base of aquatic food chains as a primary producer?

A fish that has been salt-cured subsequently develops a reddish color. You suspect that the fish has been contaminated by the extreme halophile, Halobacterium. Which of these features of cells removed from the surface of the fish, if confirmed, would support your suspicion? 1. the presence of the same photosynthetic pigments found in cyanobacteria 2. cell walls that lack peptidoglycan 3. cells that are isotonic to conditions on the surface of the fish 4. cells containing bacteriorhodopsin 5. the presence of very large numbers of ion pumps in its plasma membrane

The following table depicts characteristics of five prokaryotic species (A-E). Use the information in the table to answer the following questions. -Species D is pathogenic if it gains access to the human intestine. Which other species, if it coinhabited a human intestine along with species D, is most likely to result in a recombinant species that is both pathogenic and resistant to some antibiotics?

Match the numbered terms to the description that follows. Choose all appropriate terms. 1. autotroph 2. heterotroph 3. phototroph 4. chemotroph Description: a prokaryote that obtains both energy and carbon as it decomposes dead organisms

The following table depicts characteristics of five prokaryotic species (A-E). Use the information in the table to answer the following questions. -Which species might be able to include Hfr cells?

Photoautotrophs use

The figure below depicts changes to the amount of DNA present in a recipient cell that is engaged in conjugation with an Hfr cell. Hfr cell DNA begins entering the recipient cell at Time A. Assume that reciprocal crossing over occurs (in other words, a fragment of the recipient's chromosome is exchanged for a homologous fragment from the Hfr cell's DNA). Use this figure to answer the following questions. -Which two processes are responsible for the shape of the curve at Time B? 1. transduction 2. entry of single-stranded Hfr DNA 3. rolling circle replication of single-stranded Hfr DNA 4. activation of DNA pumps in plasma membrane

Which of the following is an important source of endotoxin in gram-negative species?

Use the information in the following paragraph to answer the next few questions. A hypothetical bacterium swims among human intestinal contents until it finds a suitable location on the intestinal lining. It adheres to the intestinal lining using a feature that also protects it from phagocytes, bacteriophages, and dehydration. Fecal matter from a human in whose intestine this bacterium lives can spread the bacterium, even after being mixed with water and boiled. The bacterium is not susceptible to the penicillin family of antibiotics. It contains no plasmids and relatively little peptidoglycan. -Adherence to the intestinal lining by this bacterium is due to its possession of

The following table depicts characteristics of five prokaryotic species (A-E). Use the information in the table to answer the following questions. -How many of these species probably have a cell wall that partly consists of an outer membrane of lipopolysaccharide?

Consider the thermoacidophile, Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. Which of the following graphs most accurately depicts the expected temperature and pH profiles of its enzymes? (Note: The horizontal axes of these graphs are double, with pH above and temperature below.)

Extreme halophiles

If a bacterium regenerates from an endospore that did not possess any of the plasmids that were contained in its original parent cell, the regenerated bacterium will probably also

If the experimental population of E. coli lacks an F factor or F plasmid, and if bacteriophages are excluded from the bacterial cultures, then which of these is (are)means by which beneficial mutations might be transmitted horizontally to other E. coli cells?

The following table depicts characteristics of five prokaryotic species (A-E). Use the information in the table to answer the following questions. -Which two species might be expected to cooperate metabolically, perhaps forming a biofilm wherein one species surrounds cells of the other species?

Foods can be preserved in many ways by slowing or preventing bacterial growth. Which of these methods should be least effective at inhibiting bacterial growth?