Question 1

At an atmospheric pressure of 870 mm Hg of 21% oxygen, the partial pressure of oxygen is

Accepted Answer

A) 100 mm Hg. 
B) 127 mm Hg. 
C) 151 mm Hg. 
D) 182 mm Hg. 
E) 219 mm Hg. 
A) 100 mm Hg. 
B) 127 mm Hg. 
C) 151 mm Hg. 
D) 182 mm Hg. 
E) 219 mm Hg. D

Question 2

Carbon dioxide levels in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid affect its pH. This enables the organism to sense a disturbance in gas levels as

Accepted Answer

A) the brain directly measures and monitors carbon dioxide and causes breathing changes accordingly. 
B) the medulla oblongata, which is in contact with cerebrospinal fluid, monitors pH and uses this measure to control breathing. 
C) the brain alters the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid to force the animal to retain more or less carbon dioxide. 
D) stretch receptors in the lungs cause the medulla oblongata to speed up or slow breathing. 
E) the medulla oblongata is able to control the concentration of bicarbonate ions in the blood. 
A) the brain directly measures and monitors carbon dioxide and causes breathing changes accordingly. 
B) the medulla oblongata, which is in contact with cerebrospinal fluid, monitors pH and uses this measure to control breathing. 
C) the brain alters the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid to force the animal to retain more or less carbon dioxide. 
D) stretch receptors in the lungs cause the medulla oblongata to speed up or slow breathing. 
E) the medulla oblongata is able to control the concentration of bicarbonate ions in the blood. B

Question 3

The hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells, and the organ where this hormone is synthesized, are

Accepted Answer

A) growth hormone and pancreas, respectively. 
B) erythropoietin and kidney, respectively. 
C) cortisol and adrenal gland, respectively. 
D) epinephrine and adrenal gland, respectively. 
E) acetylcholine and bone marrow, respectively. 
A) growth hormone and pancreas, respectively. 
B) erythropoietin and kidney, respectively. 
C) cortisol and adrenal gland, respectively. 
D) epinephrine and adrenal gland, respectively. 
E) acetylcholine and bone marrow, respectively. B

Question 4

The semilunar valves of the mammalian heart

Accepted Answer

A) are the route by which blood flows from the atria to the ventricles. 
B) are found only on the right side of the heart. 
C) are the attachment site where the pulmonary veins empty into the heart. 
D) prevent backflow of blood in the aorta and pulmonary arteries. 
E) are at the places where the anterior and posterior venae cavae empty into the heart. 
A) are the route by which blood flows from the atria to the ventricles. 
B) are found only on the right side of the heart. 
C) are the attachment site where the pulmonary veins empty into the heart. 
D) prevent backflow of blood in the aorta and pulmonary arteries. 
E) are at the places where the anterior and posterior venae cavae empty into the heart.

Question 5

Hemoglobin and hemocyanin

Accepted Answer

A) are both found within blood cells. 
B) are both red in colour. 
C) are both freely dissolved in the plasma. 
D) both transport oxygen. 
E) are both found in mammals. 
A) are both found within blood cells. 
B) are both red in colour. 
C) are both freely dissolved in the plasma. 
D) both transport oxygen. 
E) are both found in mammals.

Question 6

Organisms with a circulating body fluid that is distinct from the fluid that directly surrounds the body's cells are likely to have

Accepted Answer

A) an open circulatory system. 
B) a closed circulatory system. 
C) a gastrovascular cavity. 
D) branched tracheae. 
E) hemolymph. 
A) an open circulatory system. 
B) a closed circulatory system. 
C) a gastrovascular cavity. 
D) branched tracheae. 
E) hemolymph.

Question 7

The epiglottis of a human covers the glottis when he or she is

Accepted Answer

A) talking. 
B) breathing. 
C) swallowing. 
D) yawning. 
E) sleeping. 
A) talking. 
B) breathing. 
C) swallowing. 
D) yawning. 
E) sleeping.

Question 8

Gas exchange is more difficult for aquatic animals with gills than for terrestrial animals with lungs because

Accepted Answer

A) water is less dense than air. 
B) water contains much less O₂ than air per unit volume. 
C) gills have less surface area than lungs. 
D) gills allow only unidirectional transport. 
E) gills allow water to flow in one direction. 
A) water is less dense than air. 
B) water contains much less O₂ than air per unit volume. 
C) gills have less surface area than lungs. 
D) gills allow only unidirectional transport. 
E) gills allow water to flow in one direction.

Question 9

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
At a crime scene, an analyst finds a large pool of blood. After centrifugation, it was determined that the blood belonged to a hemophiliac suffering from an acute infection.
-Which of the following are not involved in the clotting process?

Accepted Answer

A) fibrinogen 
B) thrombin 
C) platelets 
D) albumin 
E) fibrin 
A) fibrinogen 
B) thrombin 
C) platelets 
D) albumin 
E) fibrin

Question 10

Air-breathing insects carry out gas exchange

Accepted Answer

A) in their specialized external gills. 
B) in their specialized internal gills. 
C) in the alveoli of their lungs. 
D) across the membranes of their cells. 
E) across all parts of their thin cuticular exoskeleton. 
A) in their specialized external gills. 
B) in their specialized internal gills. 
C) in the alveoli of their lungs. 
D) across the membranes of their cells. 
E) across all parts of their thin cuticular exoskeleton.

Question 11

Fluid is filtered out of the bloodstream into the surrounding interstitial fluid at the arteriole end of systemic capillaries because

Accepted Answer

A) the osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid is greater than that of the blood. 
B) the hydrostatic pressure of the blood is less than that of the interstitial fluid. 
C) the hydrostatic pressure of the blood is greater than the osmotic pressure of the blood. 
D) the osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid is greater than the hydrostatic pressure of the blood. 
E) the osmotic pressure of the blood is greater than the hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial fluid. 
A) the osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid is greater than that of the blood. 
B) the hydrostatic pressure of the blood is less than that of the interstitial fluid. 
C) the hydrostatic pressure of the blood is greater than the osmotic pressure of the blood. 
D) the osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid is greater than the hydrostatic pressure of the blood. 
E) the osmotic pressure of the blood is greater than the hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial fluid.

Question 12

Most of the carbon dioxide produced by humans is

Accepted Answer

A) converted to bicarbonate ions by an enzyme in red blood cells. 
B) bound to hemoglobin. 
C) transported in the erythrocytes as carbonic acid. 
D) simply dissolved in the plasma. 
E) bicarbonate ions bound to hemoglobin. 
A) converted to bicarbonate ions by an enzyme in red blood cells. 
B) bound to hemoglobin. 
C) transported in the erythrocytes as carbonic acid. 
D) simply dissolved in the plasma. 
E) bicarbonate ions bound to hemoglobin.

Question 13

Among these choices, the biggest set that includes only those "cells" that lack nuclei is

Accepted Answer

A) platelets. 
B) platelets and erythrocytes. 
C) platelets, erythrocytes, and basophils. 
D) platelets, erythrocytes, basophils, and neutrophils. 
E) platelets, erythrocytes, basophils, neutrophils, and monocytes. 
A) platelets. 
B) platelets and erythrocytes. 
C) platelets, erythrocytes, and basophils. 
D) platelets, erythrocytes, basophils, and neutrophils. 
E) platelets, erythrocytes, basophils, neutrophils, and monocytes.

Question 14

The production of red blood cells is stimulated by

Accepted Answer

A) low-density lipoproteins. 
B) immunoglobulins. 
C) erythropoietin. 
D) epinephrine. 
E) platelets. 
A) low-density lipoproteins. 
B) immunoglobulins. 
C) erythropoietin. 
D) epinephrine. 
E) platelets.

Question 15

A stroke volume in the heart of 85mL/beat and a pulse of 71 beats per minute results in a cardiac output of

Accepted Answer

A) 6 L/minute 
B) 600 mL/minute. 
C) 0.6 L/minute. 
D) 60 L/minute. 
E) 600 L/minute. 
A) 6 L/minute 
B) 600 mL/minute. 
C) 0.6 L/minute. 
D) 60 L/minute. 
E) 600 L/minute.

Question 16

In which of the following organisms does blood flow from the pulmocutaneous circulation to the heart before circulating through the rest of the body?

Accepted Answer

A) annelids 
B) molluscs 
C) fishes 
D) frogs 
E) insects 
A) annelids 
B) molluscs 
C) fishes 
D) frogs 
E) insects

Question 17

Sponges, cnidarians, and flatworms lack a specialized gas exchange surface because

Accepted Answer

A) they are too large for a circulatory system to operate well. 
B) they live without need for oxygen. 
C) they do not produce carbon dioxide. 
D) countercurrent exchange mechanisms cannot function well in their living conditions. 
E) nearly all of their cells are in direct contact with the external environment. 
A) they are too large for a circulatory system to operate well. 
B) they live without need for oxygen. 
C) they do not produce carbon dioxide. 
D) countercurrent exchange mechanisms cannot function well in their living conditions. 
E) nearly all of their cells are in direct contact with the external environment.

Question 18

After several weeks of exercise, a human athlete's resting heart rate is typically lower than before because

Accepted Answer

A) the body needs less oxygen than before. 
B) the body temperature has increased. 
C) the stroke volume has increased. 
D) the cardiac output has decreased. 
E) the body produces less carbon dioxide than before. 
A) the body needs less oxygen than before. 
B) the body temperature has increased. 
C) the stroke volume has increased. 
D) the cardiac output has decreased. 
E) the body produces less carbon dioxide than before.

Question 19

Circulatory systems in molluscs

Accepted Answer

A) are open in all species of molluscs. 
B) are closed in all species of molluscs. 
C) are open in species of large-sized molluscs and are closed in species of small-sized molluscs. 
D) are open in species of small-sized molluscs and are closed in species of large-sized molluscs. 
E) are open or closed without regard to body size. 
A) are open in all species of molluscs. 
B) are closed in all species of molluscs. 
C) are open in species of large-sized molluscs and are closed in species of small-sized molluscs. 
D) are open in species of small-sized molluscs and are closed in species of large-sized molluscs. 
E) are open or closed without regard to body size.

Question 20

A species that has a normal resting systolic blood pressure of >260 mm Hg is likely to be

Accepted Answer

A) an animal that is small and compact, without the need to pump blood very far from the heart. 
B) an animal with abundant lipid storage. 
C) a species that has very wide diameter veins. 
D) an animal that has a very long distance between its heart and its brain. 
E) an animal that makes frequent, quick motions. 
A) an animal that is small and compact, without the need to pump blood very far from the heart. 
B) an animal with abundant lipid storage. 
C) a species that has very wide diameter veins. 
D) an animal that has a very long distance between its heart and its brain. 
E) an animal that makes frequent, quick motions.

Exam 42: Circulation and Gas Exchange

At an atmospheric pressure of 870 mm Hg of 21% oxygen, the partial pressure of oxygen is

Carbon dioxide levels in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid affect its pH. This enables the organism to sense a disturbance in gas levels as

The hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells, and the organ where this hormone is synthesized, are

The semilunar valves of the mammalian heart

Hemoglobin and hemocyanin

Organisms with a circulating body fluid that is distinct from the fluid that directly surrounds the body's cells are likely to have

The epiglottis of a human covers the glottis when he or she is

Gas exchange is more difficult for aquatic animals with gills than for terrestrial animals with lungs because

Air-breathing insects carry out gas exchange

Fluid is filtered out of the bloodstream into the surrounding interstitial fluid at the arteriole end of systemic capillaries because

Most of the carbon dioxide produced by humans is

Among these choices, the biggest set that includes only those "cells" that lack nuclei is

The production of red blood cells is stimulated by

A stroke volume in the heart of 85mL/beat and a pulse of 71 beats per minute results in a cardiac output of

In which of the following organisms does blood flow from the pulmocutaneous circulation to the heart before circulating through the rest of the body?

Sponges, cnidarians, and flatworms lack a specialized gas exchange surface because

After several weeks of exercise, a human athlete's resting heart rate is typically lower than before because

Circulatory systems in molluscs

A species that has a normal resting systolic blood pressure of >260 mm Hg is likely to be

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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