Question 1

What evidence (if any) do we have that newborn infants (less than 3 days old) can recognize the sound of their own mother's voice?

Accepted Answer

A)  They habituate more rapidly to the sound of their own mother's voice than to any other woman's voice. 
B)  They learn to kick their legs to turn on a tape recording of their own mother's voice, but not for another woman's voice. 
C)  They suck more vigorously at times when sucking turns on a recording of their own mother's voice. 
D)  We have no evidence that newborn infants can recognize the sound of their own mother's voice. 
A)  They habituate more rapidly to the sound of their own mother's voice than to any other woman's voice. 
B)  They learn to kick their legs to turn on a tape recording of their own mother's voice, but not for another woman's voice. 
C)  They suck more vigorously at times when sucking turns on a recording of their own mother's voice. 
D)  We have no evidence that newborn infants can recognize the sound of their own mother's voice.

Question 2

According to Piaget, children respond only to what they see and hear, rather than what they might remember or imagine, in the __________ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)  preoperational 
B)  sensorimotor 
C)  formal-operations 
D)  concrete-operations 
A)  preoperational 
B)  sensorimotor 
C)  formal-operations 
D)  concrete-operations

Question 3

An investigator shows a child two equally full beakers of water and then pours one of them into a taller, thinner container. The child says that the taller, thinner container has more water. This observation indicates that the child lacks

Accepted Answer

A)  schemas. 
B)  the concept of object permanence. 
C)  the concept of conservation. 
D)  ego integrity. 
A)  schemas. 
B)  the concept of object permanence. 
C)  the concept of conservation. 
D)  ego integrity.

Question 4

Infants who were identified as "inhibited" at age 4 months have been shown to

Accepted Answer

A)  walk earlier than most other children. 
B)  begin talking before most other children. 
C)  be easily frightened when tested 10 months later. 
D)  be less emotionally responsive than other children when tested 5 months later. 
A)  walk earlier than most other children. 
B)  begin talking before most other children. 
C)  be easily frightened when tested 10 months later. 
D)  be less emotionally responsive than other children when tested 5 months later.

Question 5

What does a researcher examine in a longitudinal design?

Accepted Answer

A)  a single group of people at different times 
B)  different people (of different ages) at the same time 
C)  different species of animals 
D)  people from different countries or different cultures 
A)  a single group of people at different times 
B)  different people (of different ages) at the same time 
C)  different species of animals 
D)  people from different countries or different cultures

Question 6

The thought processes of a child in Piaget's stage of formal operations are like those of

Accepted Answer

A)  normal adults. 
B)  normal adults except for impairment on abstract or hypothetical questions. 
C)  normal adults except for impairment on conservation problems. 
D)  normal adults except that they lack the concept of object permanence. 
A)  normal adults. 
B)  normal adults except for impairment on abstract or hypothetical questions. 
C)  normal adults except for impairment on conservation problems. 
D)  normal adults except that they lack the concept of object permanence.

Question 7

A 4-month-old infant displays more kicking, crying, and hand tension than most other infants. This behavior probably indicates

Accepted Answer

A)  a symptom associated with Turner's syndrome. 
B)  the last, lingering effects of birth trauma. 
C)  a temperament that may remain consistent over the next 7 years or more. 
D)  a temporary stage that predicts nothing about later behavior. 
A)  a symptom associated with Turner's syndrome. 
B)  the last, lingering effects of birth trauma. 
C)  a temperament that may remain consistent over the next 7 years or more. 
D)  a temporary stage that predicts nothing about later behavior.

Question 8

As a rule, a preoperational child who is asked which row of coins "has more" answers that the longer one has more (even if the two rows both have seven coins). What kind of experience is most likely to enable the child to give the correct answer?

Accepted Answer

A)  First test the child on conservation of weight and conservation of volume tasks. 
B)  First ask the same question about rows of three coins each. 
C)  First let the child spend an hour playing with coins. 
D)  First give the child a lecture about the properties of the number system. 
A)  First test the child on conservation of weight and conservation of volume tasks. 
B)  First ask the same question about rows of three coins each. 
C)  First let the child spend an hour playing with coins. 
D)  First give the child a lecture about the properties of the number system.

Question 9

We now know that the detrimental effects of alcohol in infants is caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  a decrease in the total excitation of neurons, so that they eventually self-destruct. 
B)  the fetus not being able to get enough oxygen during the second trimester. 
C)  pregnancy which is not detected early enough. 
D)  an increase in the neurotransmitter responsible for growth and cognitive development. 
A)  a decrease in the total excitation of neurons, so that they eventually self-destruct. 
B)  the fetus not being able to get enough oxygen during the second trimester. 
C)  pregnancy which is not detected early enough. 
D)  an increase in the neurotransmitter responsible for growth and cognitive development.

Question 10

Researchers identified some infants as "inhibited" and some as "uninhibited" at the age of 4 months. When these same children were tested again at the age of 7 1/2

Accepted Answer

A)  the differences between the two groups had disappeared. 
B)  "inhibited" children had actually become more outgoing than the "uninhibited" children. 
C)  "inhibited" children tended to be fearful, nervous, and shy. 
D)  "uninhibited" children were more likely to be diagnosed with attention-deficit disorder. 
A)  the differences between the two groups had disappeared. 
B)  "inhibited" children had actually become more outgoing than the "uninhibited" children. 
C)  "inhibited" children tended to be fearful, nervous, and shy. 
D)  "uninhibited" children were more likely to be diagnosed with attention-deficit disorder.

Question 11

In one study, a researcher monitored newborns' responses to the sound sequence "ba-ba-ba-ba-ba..." until their response habituated, and then substituted the sound "pa." What happened to the infants' responses, and what conclusion follows?

Accepted Answer

A)  Their responses decreased. Conclusion: They interpret the change as threatening. 
B)  Their responses stayed the same. Conclusion: They cannot tell the difference. 
C)  Their responses increased. Conclusion: They can tell the difference between the sounds. 
D)  Their responses increased. Conclusion: They prefer the sound "pa" to "ba." 
A)  Their responses decreased. Conclusion: They interpret the change as threatening. 
B)  Their responses stayed the same. Conclusion: They cannot tell the difference. 
C)  Their responses increased. Conclusion: They can tell the difference between the sounds. 
D)  Their responses increased. Conclusion: They prefer the sound "pa" to "ba."

Question 12

The tendency for some kinds of people to be more likely than others to drop out of a study is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  systematic variation. 
B)  equilibration. 
C)  evolution. 
D)  selective attrition. 
A)  systematic variation. 
B)  equilibration. 
C)  evolution. 
D)  selective attrition.

Question 13

Children in the early part of Piaget's preoperational stage, (about age 2 years)

Accepted Answer

A)  can deal with hypothetical situations better than they deal with concrete situations. 
B)  perform well on the conservation of number and conservation of volume tasks. 
C)  fail to reach around a barrier to retrieve a hidden toy. 
D)  have trouble understanding how a small-scale room could represent a larger room. 
A)  can deal with hypothetical situations better than they deal with concrete situations. 
B)  perform well on the conservation of number and conservation of volume tasks. 
C)  fail to reach around a barrier to retrieve a hidden toy. 
D)  have trouble understanding how a small-scale room could represent a larger room.

Question 14

A little boy in the preoperational stage would have trouble understanding that

Accepted Answer

A)  his father and mother still exist even when the boy does not see them. 
B)  other little boys have sisters when he has only brothers. 
C)  some mothers are taller than some fathers. 
D)  his mother is also someone's daughter. 
A)  his father and mother still exist even when the boy does not see them. 
B)  other little boys have sisters when he has only brothers. 
C)  some mothers are taller than some fathers. 
D)  his mother is also someone's daughter.

Question 15

Cross-cultural studies of parenting show that

Accepted Answer

A)  mothers spending full time with their infants is the norm. 
B)  in most cultures, mothers spend very little time with their infants. 
C)  there is great variation in the amount of time that mothers spend with their infants. 
D)  fathers are much more involved with infant care than previously suspected. 
A)  mothers spending full time with their infants is the norm. 
B)  in most cultures, mothers spend very little time with their infants. 
C)  there is great variation in the amount of time that mothers spend with their infants. 
D)  fathers are much more involved with infant care than previously suspected.

Question 16

Even 3- and 4-year-old children can solve the conservation-of-number task (where one row of objects is more spread out than another row with an equal number of objects) using eight items if

Accepted Answer

A)  the items are different colors for the two rows. 
B)  the items used are objects that the child is familiar with. 
C)  the items used are objects that the child is unfamiliar with. 
D)  the child is given extensive practice doing the task with few items. 
A)  the items are different colors for the two rows. 
B)  the items used are objects that the child is familiar with. 
C)  the items used are objects that the child is unfamiliar with. 
D)  the child is given extensive practice doing the task with few items.

Question 17

Which of the following would Piaget describe as an egocentric thought?

Accepted Answer

A)  "I can sing better than anyone else in my class." 
B)  "Birds sing so that I can hear them." 
C)  "I want to have more candy than my friends." 
D)  "I think, therefore I exist." 
A)  "I can sing better than anyone else in my class." 
B)  "Birds sing so that I can hear them." 
C)  "I want to have more candy than my friends." 
D)  "I think, therefore I exist."

Question 18

What can a newborn infant (less than 3 days old) learn to do, if anything?

Accepted Answer

A)  press a button to turn the lights on or off 
B)  clap its hands every time it hears a familiar sound 
C)  suck on a nipple that turns on a recording of its mother's voice 
D)  Infants younger than 3 days old show no evidence of learning. 
A)  press a button to turn the lights on or off 
B)  clap its hands every time it hears a familiar sound 
C)  suck on a nipple that turns on a recording of its mother's voice 
D)  Infants younger than 3 days old show no evidence of learning.

Question 19

According to David Elkind, the "personal fable" of adolescents is the belief that

Accepted Answer

A)  "I am really a prince or princess in disguise." 
B)  "Everything is always going wrong in my life." 
C)  "How successful I will be depends entirely on how hard I try." 
D)  "What is true for everyone else is not true for me." 
A)  "I am really a prince or princess in disguise." 
B)  "Everything is always going wrong in my life." 
C)  "How successful I will be depends entirely on how hard I try." 
D)  "What is true for everyone else is not true for me."

Question 20

Dr. Patience studies a group of 3-year-olds, and then retests the same children when they reach ages 5 and 7. What kind of research design is this?

Accepted Answer

A)  longitudinal 
B)  retrospective 
C)  cross-sectional 
D)  sequential 
A)  longitudinal 
B)  retrospective 
C)  cross-sectional 
D)  sequential

Exam 5: Nature, Nurture, and Human Development

What evidence (if any) do we have that newborn infants (less than 3 days old) can recognize the sound of their own mother's voice?

According to Piaget, children respond only to what they see and hear, rather than what they might remember or imagine, in the __________ stage.

An investigator shows a child two equally full beakers of water and then pours one of them into a taller, thinner container. The child says that the taller, thinner container has more water. This observation indicates that the child lacks

Infants who were identified as "inhibited" at age 4 months have been shown to

What does a researcher examine in a longitudinal design?

The thought processes of a child in Piaget's stage of formal operations are like those of

A 4-month-old infant displays more kicking, crying, and hand tension than most other infants. This behavior probably indicates

As a rule, a preoperational child who is asked which row of coins "has more" answers that the longer one has more (even if the two rows both have seven coins). What kind of experience is most likely to enable the child to give the correct answer?

We now know that the detrimental effects of alcohol in infants is caused by

Researchers identified some infants as "inhibited" and some as "uninhibited" at the age of 4 months. When these same children were tested again at the age of 7 1/2

In one study, a researcher monitored newborns' responses to the sound sequence "ba-ba-ba-ba-ba..." until their response habituated, and then substituted the sound "pa." What happened to the infants' responses, and what conclusion follows?

The tendency for some kinds of people to be more likely than others to drop out of a study is known as

Children in the early part of Piaget's preoperational stage, (about age 2 years)

A little boy in the preoperational stage would have trouble understanding that

Cross-cultural studies of parenting show that

Even 3- and 4-year-old children can solve the conservation-of-number task (where one row of objects is more spread out than another row with an equal number of objects) using eight items if

Which of the following would Piaget describe as an egocentric thought?

What can a newborn infant (less than 3 days old) learn to do, if anything?

According to David Elkind, the "personal fable" of adolescents is the belief that

Dr. Patience studies a group of 3-year-olds, and then retests the same children when they reach ages 5 and 7. What kind of research design is this?

What Is Psychology

A --What Is Psychology

Scientific Methods in Psychology

A--Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

A--Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

A--Sensation and Perception

A--Nature, Nurture, and Human Development

Learning

A--Learning

Memory

A--Memory

Cognition and Language

A--Cognition and Language

Intelligence

A--Intelligence

Consciousness

A--Consciousness

Motivated Behaviors

A--Motivated Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors, Stress, and Health

A--Emotional Behaviors, Stress, and Health

Social Psychology

A--Social Psychology

Personality

A--Personality

Abnormality, Therapy, and Social Issues

A--Abnormality, Therapy, and Social Issues

Specific Disorders and Treatments

A--Specific Disorders and Treatments

Exam Extenssion: S 1-16--Final Examination

Filters