Question 1

It is especially difficult to measure or infer the cognitive abilities of human infants because they have very little

Accepted Answer

A)  vision. 
B)  hearing. 
C)  brain development. 
D)  control of movement. 
A)  vision. 
B)  hearing. 
C)  brain development. 
D)  control of movement.

Question 2

Terror Management Theory states that much of our anxiety and neuroses are caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  a tendency to displace aggression. 
B)  become terrified in the face of our successes. 
C)  become terrified in the face of our failures. 
D)  our fear of death. 
A)  a tendency to displace aggression. 
B)  become terrified in the face of our successes. 
C)  become terrified in the face of our failures. 
D)  our fear of death.

Question 3

An investigator who uses a cross-sectional design

Accepted Answer

A)  compares people from different cultures. 
B)  examines a single group of people at several times as they grow. 
C)  examines different groups of people at the same time. 
D)  compares humans to other animal species. 
A)  compares people from different cultures. 
B)  examines a single group of people at several times as they grow. 
C)  examines different groups of people at the same time. 
D)  compares humans to other animal species.

Question 4

According to Piaget, a child who has the concept of conservation understands that

Accepted Answer

A)  the weight and mass of an object stay the same when the shape changes. 
B)  one should work out a strategy before starting on a complex task. 
C)  an object continues to exist even when one does not see it. 
D)  a group of people has to take turns talking to one another and then listening. 
A)  the weight and mass of an object stay the same when the shape changes. 
B)  one should work out a strategy before starting on a complex task. 
C)  an object continues to exist even when one does not see it. 
D)  a group of people has to take turns talking to one another and then listening.

Question 5

Someone claims that "if a characteristic is highly heritable, then we cannot change that characteristic by changing the environment." An example that argues strongly against this claim is that

Accepted Answer

A)  monozygotic twins resemble each other more than dizygotic twins do, for a wide variety of behaviors. 
B)  adopted children resemble their biological parents with regard to many physical and behavioral conditions. 
C)  a special diet can prevent the mental retardation associated with PKU. 
D)  people with two genes for Huntington's disease get the disease, but people with only one such gene do not. 
A)  monozygotic twins resemble each other more than dizygotic twins do, for a wide variety of behaviors. 
B)  adopted children resemble their biological parents with regard to many physical and behavioral conditions. 
C)  a special diet can prevent the mental retardation associated with PKU. 
D)  people with two genes for Huntington's disease get the disease, but people with only one such gene do not.

Question 6

A psychologist who studies the personalities of ten-year-old boys and ten-year-old girls, examining children one at a time, is likely to underestimate the sex differences in behavior because

Accepted Answer

A)  the sexes differ more in their learning styles than in their personality variables. 
B)  age ten is the approximate period when gender roles are the same for boys and girls. 
C)  sex differences in behavior do not develop strongly until adolescence. 
D)  many sex differences emerge clearly only in social situations. 
A)  the sexes differ more in their learning styles than in their personality variables. 
B)  age ten is the approximate period when gender roles are the same for boys and girls. 
C)  sex differences in behavior do not develop strongly until adolescence. 
D)  many sex differences emerge clearly only in social situations.

Question 7

A psychologist reports that authoritative parents tend to have well-behaved children, and suggests that the parenting style influenced the children's personality development. Before we accept this conclusion, it would be most important to check whether the same results also occur in

Accepted Answer

A)  adopted children. 
B)  other parts of the country. 
C)  children of other ages. 
D)  parents with less education. 
A)  adopted children. 
B)  other parts of the country. 
C)  children of other ages. 
D)  parents with less education.

Question 8

Genes that affect one sex more strongly than the other, even though both sexes have the genes, are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  autosomal. 
B)  recessive. 
C)  sex-limited. 
D)  sex-linked. 
A)  autosomal. 
B)  recessive. 
C)  sex-limited. 
D)  sex-linked.

Question 9

An investigator who uses a longitudinal design

Accepted Answer

A)  examines a single group of people at several times as they age. 
B)  compares humans to other animal species. 
C)  compares people from different cultures. 
D)  examines people of different ages at the same time. 
A)  examines a single group of people at several times as they age. 
B)  compares humans to other animal species. 
C)  compares people from different cultures. 
D)  examines people of different ages at the same time.

Question 10

Adolescents who have not explored their future and have not made any decisions are said to have

Accepted Answer

A)  identity achievement. 
B)  identity foreclosure. 
C)  identity moratorium. 
D)  identity diffusion. 
A)  identity achievement. 
B)  identity foreclosure. 
C)  identity moratorium. 
D)  identity diffusion.

Question 11

To do research on the effects of birth order on personality or behavior, it is important to use

Accepted Answer

A)  people chosen because of their unusual personality traits. 
B)  people who are similar to one another in as many regards as possible. 
C)  people from a wide variety of family sizes. 
D)  only people from families that had at least two children. 
A)  people chosen because of their unusual personality traits. 
B)  people who are similar to one another in as many regards as possible. 
C)  people from a wide variety of family sizes. 
D)  only people from families that had at least two children.

Question 12

An infant is sucking on a nipple. Meanwhile, an investigator plays the sound "ba" repeatedly until the infant habituates to it. Then the investigator plays the sound "pa." What does the infant do, and what does that behavior indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)  The infant sucks more rapidly, indicating that it prefers the sound "pa" to "ba." 
B)  The infant sucks more rapidly, indicating that it can detect the difference between "pa" and "ba." 
C)  The infant sucks at the same rate as before, indicating that it cannot detect the difference between "pa" and "ba." 
D)  The infant sucks more slowly, indicating that the change of stimulus increased the rate of habituation. 
A)  The infant sucks more rapidly, indicating that it prefers the sound "pa" to "ba." 
B)  The infant sucks more rapidly, indicating that it can detect the difference between "pa" and "ba." 
C)  The infant sucks at the same rate as before, indicating that it cannot detect the difference between "pa" and "ba." 
D)  The infant sucks more slowly, indicating that the change of stimulus increased the rate of habituation.

Question 13

To study the effects of age on adult memory, an investigator administers a memory test to a group of college students and then as soon as possible administers the same test to those students' parents and grandparents. The design of this study is best described as

Accepted Answer

A)  case-study. 
B)  double-blind. 
C)  longitudinal. 
D)  cross-sectional. 
A)  case-study. 
B)  double-blind. 
C)  longitudinal. 
D)  cross-sectional.

Question 14

Children in Piaget's preoperational stage of development lack

Accepted Answer

A)  language. 
B)  schemas. 
C)  the concept of conservation. 
D)  the concept of object permanence. 
A)  language. 
B)  schemas. 
C)  the concept of conservation. 
D)  the concept of object permanence.

Question 15

One advantage of a cross-sectional design for studying age differences is that it

Accepted Answer

A)  ensures that the people studied at each age have the same abilities. 
B)  is not affected by differences among cohorts. 
C)  can be completed in a short period of time. 
D)  is automatically double blind. 
A)  ensures that the people studied at each age have the same abilities. 
B)  is not affected by differences among cohorts. 
C)  can be completed in a short period of time. 
D)  is automatically double blind.

Question 16

What can the staff of a nursing home do to improve the health, alertness, memory, and morale of the people living in the home?

Accepted Answer

A)  Take care of meals, laundry, and other chores for them. 
B)  Let them make some choices and perform some chores on their own. 
C)  Encourage them to set goals as high as possible, even if they are unrealistic. 
D)  Keep the routine the same from one day to the next. 
A)  Take care of meals, laundry, and other chores for them. 
B)  Let them make some choices and perform some chores on their own. 
C)  Encourage them to set goals as high as possible, even if they are unrealistic. 
D)  Keep the routine the same from one day to the next.

Question 17

"Tragedy will never strike me...." "I will succeed in all my ambitions...." "Everyone notices how I look." According to David Elkind, these beliefs are part of the adolescent's

Accepted Answer

A)  identity crisis. 
B)  preoperational thinking. 
C)  personal fable. 
D)  moral dilemma. 
A)  identity crisis. 
B)  preoperational thinking. 
C)  personal fable. 
D)  moral dilemma.

Question 18

If the variation in some characteristic depends to a large degree on genes, then we should expect to find that

Accepted Answer

A)  dizygotic twins resemble each other more closely than monozygotic twins do. 
B)  monozygotic twins and dizygotic twins resemble each other equally closely. 
C)  monozygotic twins who are separated at birth and reared in separate environments resemble each other. 
D)  adopted children resemble their adoptive parents but not their biological parents. 
A)  dizygotic twins resemble each other more closely than monozygotic twins do. 
B)  monozygotic twins and dizygotic twins resemble each other equally closely. 
C)  monozygotic twins who are separated at birth and reared in separate environments resemble each other. 
D)  adopted children resemble their adoptive parents but not their biological parents.

Question 19

According to Piaget, how can we determine whether a child has the concept of object permanence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Watch the child's eye movements when the object moves. 
B)  Place a toy behind a barrier and see whether the child retrieves it. 
C)  Squash some clay or pour liquid into a different container and see whether the child thinks it still is the same amount. 
D)  See whether the child consistently prefers one toy to another. 
A)  Watch the child's eye movements when the object moves. 
B)  Place a toy behind a barrier and see whether the child retrieves it. 
C)  Squash some clay or pour liquid into a different container and see whether the child thinks it still is the same amount. 
D)  See whether the child consistently prefers one toy to another.

Question 20

The order of stages in Piaget's theory of development is:

Accepted Answer

A)  sensorimotor--formal operations--concrete operations--postoperational 
B)  preoperational--concrete operations--formal operations--sensorimotor 
C)  concrete operations--sensorimotor--preoperational--formal operations 
D)  sensorimotor--preoperational--concrete operations--formal operations 
A)  sensorimotor--formal operations--concrete operations--postoperational 
B)  preoperational--concrete operations--formal operations--sensorimotor 
C)  concrete operations--sensorimotor--preoperational--formal operations 
D)  sensorimotor--preoperational--concrete operations--formal operations

Exam 5: Nature, Nurture, and Human Development

It is especially difficult to measure or infer the cognitive abilities of human infants because they have very little

Terror Management Theory states that much of our anxiety and neuroses are caused by

An investigator who uses a cross-sectional design

According to Piaget, a child who has the concept of conservation understands that

Someone claims that "if a characteristic is highly heritable, then we cannot change that characteristic by changing the environment." An example that argues strongly against this claim is that

A psychologist who studies the personalities of ten-year-old boys and ten-year-old girls, examining children one at a time, is likely to underestimate the sex differences in behavior because

A psychologist reports that authoritative parents tend to have well-behaved children, and suggests that the parenting style influenced the children's personality development. Before we accept this conclusion, it would be most important to check whether the same results also occur in

Genes that affect one sex more strongly than the other, even though both sexes have the genes, are known as

An investigator who uses a longitudinal design

Adolescents who have not explored their future and have not made any decisions are said to have

To do research on the effects of birth order on personality or behavior, it is important to use

An infant is sucking on a nipple. Meanwhile, an investigator plays the sound "ba" repeatedly until the infant habituates to it. Then the investigator plays the sound "pa." What does the infant do, and what does that behavior indicate?

To study the effects of age on adult memory, an investigator administers a memory test to a group of college students and then as soon as possible administers the same test to those students' parents and grandparents. The design of this study is best described as

Children in Piaget's preoperational stage of development lack

One advantage of a cross-sectional design for studying age differences is that it

What can the staff of a nursing home do to improve the health, alertness, memory, and morale of the people living in the home?

"Tragedy will never strike me...." "I will succeed in all my ambitions...." "Everyone notices how I look." According to David Elkind, these beliefs are part of the adolescent's

If the variation in some characteristic depends to a large degree on genes, then we should expect to find that

According to Piaget, how can we determine whether a child has the concept of object permanence?

The order of stages in Piaget's theory of development is:

What Is Psychology

A --What Is Psychology

Scientific Methods in Psychology

A--Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

A--Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

A--Sensation and Perception

A--Nature, Nurture, and Human Development

Learning

A--Learning

Memory

A--Memory

Cognition and Language

A--Cognition and Language

Intelligence

A--Intelligence

Consciousness

A--Consciousness

Motivated Behaviors

A--Motivated Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors, Stress, and Health

A--Emotional Behaviors, Stress, and Health

Social Psychology

A--Social Psychology

Personality

A--Personality

Abnormality, Therapy, and Social Issues

A--Abnormality, Therapy, and Social Issues

Specific Disorders and Treatments

A--Specific Disorders and Treatments

Exam Extenssion: S 1-16--Final Examination

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