Question 1

One disadvantage of longitudinal designs is that

Accepted Answer

A)  the groups selected for comparison may differ in more regards than just age. 
B)  the results cannot be analyzed statistically. 
C)  it is hard to separate differences due to age from differences due to changes in society. 
D)  the results must be inferred from memories reported long after the events actually occurred. 
A)  the groups selected for comparison may differ in more regards than just age. 
B)  the results cannot be analyzed statistically. 
C)  it is hard to separate differences due to age from differences due to changes in society. 
D)  the results must be inferred from memories reported long after the events actually occurred.

Question 2

According to Erik Erikson, the major conflict of middle adulthood (late 20s through retirement) is

Accepted Answer

A)  superiority vs. inferiority. 
B)  intimacy vs. isolation. 
C)  generativity vs. stagnation. 
D)  initiative vs. guilt. 
A)  superiority vs. inferiority. 
B)  intimacy vs. isolation. 
C)  generativity vs. stagnation. 
D)  initiative vs. guilt.

Question 3

What advice could you give to a 65-year-old who hopes to remain alert for the next 25 years?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spend as much time as possible watching the news on TV. 
B)  Go to the theatre and watch foreign films that make you think. 
C)  Watch funny sitcoms on TV--it is very important to laugh. 
D)  Get plenty of physical exercise--it is related to improved memory and cognition. 
A)  Spend as much time as possible watching the news on TV. 
B)  Go to the theatre and watch foreign films that make you think. 
C)  Watch funny sitcoms on TV--it is very important to laugh. 
D)  Get plenty of physical exercise--it is related to improved memory and cognition.

Question 4

What evidence do we have that babies can hear, even in the first 3 days after birth?

Accepted Answer

A)  They babble more loudly if they need to in order to hear themselves over the background noise. 
B)  They respond differently to their own mother's voice than to that of other women. 
C)  They cry whenever they hear any sound, no matter how loud or soft. 
D)  Babies who are spoken to in the first 3 days develop language faster than other babies do. 
A)  They babble more loudly if they need to in order to hear themselves over the background noise. 
B)  They respond differently to their own mother's voice than to that of other women. 
C)  They cry whenever they hear any sound, no matter how loud or soft. 
D)  Babies who are spoken to in the first 3 days develop language faster than other babies do.

Question 5

According to Erik Erikson, intimacy or isolation is of greatest concern to people in which age group?

Accepted Answer

A)  preschool children 
B)  adolescents 
C)  young adults 
D)  older adults 
A)  preschool children 
B)  adolescents 
C)  young adults 
D)  older adults

Question 6

Olivia Sue understands that objects maintain their weight and volume after changes in shape. But she has trouble answering abstract or hypothetical questions. She is in which of Piaget's stages?

Accepted Answer

A)  formal operations 
B)  sensorimotor 
C)  concrete operations 
D)  preoperational 
A)  formal operations 
B)  sensorimotor 
C)  concrete operations 
D)  preoperational

Question 7

What does an investigator examine in a cross-sectional design?

Accepted Answer

A)  different people (of different ages) at one point in time 
B)  a single group of people at several points in time 
C)  different species of animal 
D)  people from different countries or cultures 
A)  different people (of different ages) at one point in time 
B)  a single group of people at several points in time 
C)  different species of animal 
D)  people from different countries or cultures

Question 8

If Sally is generally outgoing and adventurous while Rachel is more shy and reserved, we would say these two people differ in

Accepted Answer

A)  temperament. 
B)  mood. 
C)  gender. 
D)  self-actualization. 
A)  temperament. 
B)  mood. 
C)  gender. 
D)  self-actualization.

Question 9

In certain studies, newborn infants (age 0-3 days) could suck on a nipple at some times to hear their own mother's voice and at other times to hear another woman's voice. What did the infants do?

Accepted Answer

A)  They sucked more when they could hear their own mother. 
B)  They sucked more when they could hear the other woman. 
C)  They sucked vigorously but equally for either voice. 
D)  They rarely sucked at all. 
A)  They sucked more when they could hear their own mother. 
B)  They sucked more when they could hear the other woman. 
C)  They sucked vigorously but equally for either voice. 
D)  They rarely sucked at all.

Question 10

We know that newborns weighing less than 4 pounds at birth have a high risk for developing mental retardation and experiencing low academic achievement later in life. What type of research would uncover these associations?

Accepted Answer

A)  correlational studies 
B)  experimentation with random assignment 
C)  field studies in which the independent variable is manipulated 
D)  experimentation with both an experimental and control group 
A)  correlational studies 
B)  experimentation with random assignment 
C)  field studies in which the independent variable is manipulated 
D)  experimentation with both an experimental and control group

Question 11

In European-American, middle-class families where divorce has occurred and the mother retained custody of the children, if the mother remarries

Accepted Answer

A)  girls tend to accept the stepfather better than boys. 
B)  boys tend to accept the stepfather better than girls. 
C)  both boys and girls tend to be very accepting of the stepfather. 
D)  both boys and girls tend to reject every attempt the stepfather makes to establish a relationship. 
A)  girls tend to accept the stepfather better than boys. 
B)  boys tend to accept the stepfather better than girls. 
C)  both boys and girls tend to be very accepting of the stepfather. 
D)  both boys and girls tend to reject every attempt the stepfather makes to establish a relationship.

Question 12

Researchers have determined that, if a question is phrased in the right way, even 3-year-olds can

Accepted Answer

A)  describe events from the first 6 months of life. 
B)  distinguish between reality and appearance. 
C)  use abstract formal logic. 
D)  respond at Kohlberg's sixth stage of moral reasoning. 
A)  describe events from the first 6 months of life. 
B)  distinguish between reality and appearance. 
C)  use abstract formal logic. 
D)  respond at Kohlberg's sixth stage of moral reasoning.

Question 13

Jill grasps at a new puppy and tries to shake him like a rattle. She is showing

Accepted Answer

A)  a lack of conservation. 
B)  assimilation. 
C)  concrete operational thought. 
D)  object permanence. 
A)  a lack of conservation. 
B)  assimilation. 
C)  concrete operational thought. 
D)  object permanence.

Question 14

For both Piaget's stages of cognitive development and Erik Erikson's stages of emotional and social development,

Accepted Answer

A)  almost everyone reaches the final stage on schedule, at the same age. 
B)  children in two-parent families develop through the stages faster than those from single-parent families. 
C)  first-born children develop through the stages faster than their later-born brothers and sisters. 
D)  almost everyone goes through the stages in the same order. 
A)  almost everyone reaches the final stage on schedule, at the same age. 
B)  children in two-parent families develop through the stages faster than those from single-parent families. 
C)  first-born children develop through the stages faster than their later-born brothers and sisters. 
D)  almost everyone goes through the stages in the same order.

Question 15

A human nucleus has __________ pairs of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  12...chromosomes 
B)  23...chromosomes 
C)  12...genes 
D)  23...genes 
A)  12...chromosomes 
B)  23...chromosomes 
C)  12...genes 
D)  23...genes

Question 16

The people born in the 1970s have different interests and attitudes than the people born in the 1950s ever did. This is due to a difference in

Accepted Answer

A)  role diffusion. 
B)  syntax. 
C)  cohorts. 
D)  assimilation. 
A)  role diffusion. 
B)  syntax. 
C)  cohorts. 
D)  assimilation.

Question 17

Newborn babies weighing less than 4 pounds at birth are at considerable risk for eventual mental retardation and various behavior problems. Which of the following seems to be most responsible for this relationship?

Accepted Answer

A)  These babies inherit a weak genetic structure from their father. 
B)  Hospitals give small babies less attention, on average, than larger babies. 
C)  Most small babies have Down syndrome or other identifiable medical disorders linked to brain malformation. 
D)  Mothers of low-weight babies tend to be young or poor and unlikely to get proper medical or nutritional care for themselves or the babies. 
A)  These babies inherit a weak genetic structure from their father. 
B)  Hospitals give small babies less attention, on average, than larger babies. 
C)  Most small babies have Down syndrome or other identifiable medical disorders linked to brain malformation. 
D)  Mothers of low-weight babies tend to be young or poor and unlikely to get proper medical or nutritional care for themselves or the babies.

Question 18

What is a cohort?

Accepted Answer

A)  a group of people selected for a cross-sectional study 
B)  a group of people born at a particular time 
C)  a random sample of people in the entire population 
D)  a representative sample of people in the entire population 
A)  a group of people selected for a cross-sectional study 
B)  a group of people born at a particular time 
C)  a random sample of people in the entire population 
D)  a representative sample of people in the entire population

Question 19

A research design that combines the advantages of both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  cross-longitudinal. 
B)  longitude-sectional. 
C)  sequential. 
D)  simultaneous. 
A)  cross-longitudinal. 
B)  longitude-sectional. 
C)  sequential. 
D)  simultaneous.

Question 20

Suppose researchers want to compare the abilities of 60-year-olds to those of 80-year-olds, but they worry about finding equivalent samples at the two ages. To minimize that problem, the best design for this study would be

Accepted Answer

A)  psychoanalytic. 
B)  double-blind. 
C)  longitudinal. 
D)  cross-sectional. 
A)  psychoanalytic. 
B)  double-blind. 
C)  longitudinal. 
D)  cross-sectional.

Exam 5: Nature, Nurture, and Human Development

One disadvantage of longitudinal designs is that

According to Erik Erikson, the major conflict of middle adulthood (late 20s through retirement) is

What advice could you give to a 65-year-old who hopes to remain alert for the next 25 years?

What evidence do we have that babies can hear, even in the first 3 days after birth?

According to Erik Erikson, intimacy or isolation is of greatest concern to people in which age group?

Olivia Sue understands that objects maintain their weight and volume after changes in shape. But she has trouble answering abstract or hypothetical questions. She is in which of Piaget's stages?

What does an investigator examine in a cross-sectional design?

If Sally is generally outgoing and adventurous while Rachel is more shy and reserved, we would say these two people differ in

In certain studies, newborn infants (age 0-3 days) could suck on a nipple at some times to hear their own mother's voice and at other times to hear another woman's voice. What did the infants do?

We know that newborns weighing less than 4 pounds at birth have a high risk for developing mental retardation and experiencing low academic achievement later in life. What type of research would uncover these associations?

In European-American, middle-class families where divorce has occurred and the mother retained custody of the children, if the mother remarries

Researchers have determined that, if a question is phrased in the right way, even 3-year-olds can

Jill grasps at a new puppy and tries to shake him like a rattle. She is showing

For both Piaget's stages of cognitive development and Erik Erikson's stages of emotional and social development,

A human nucleus has __________ pairs of __________.

The people born in the 1970s have different interests and attitudes than the people born in the 1950s ever did. This is due to a difference in

Newborn babies weighing less than 4 pounds at birth are at considerable risk for eventual mental retardation and various behavior problems. Which of the following seems to be most responsible for this relationship?

What is a cohort?

A research design that combines the advantages of both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs is known as

Suppose researchers want to compare the abilities of 60-year-olds to those of 80-year-olds, but they worry about finding equivalent samples at the two ages. To minimize that problem, the best design for this study would be

What Is Psychology

A --What Is Psychology

Scientific Methods in Psychology

A--Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

A--Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

A--Sensation and Perception

A--Nature, Nurture, and Human Development

Learning

A--Learning

Memory

A--Memory

Cognition and Language

A--Cognition and Language

Intelligence

A--Intelligence

Consciousness

A--Consciousness

Motivated Behaviors

A--Motivated Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors, Stress, and Health

A--Emotional Behaviors, Stress, and Health

Social Psychology

A--Social Psychology

Personality

A--Personality

Abnormality, Therapy, and Social Issues

A--Abnormality, Therapy, and Social Issues

Specific Disorders and Treatments

A--Specific Disorders and Treatments

Exam Extenssion: S 1-16--Final Examination

Filters

A human nucleus has pairs of .