Exam 7: Section 2: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

The Dani speakers of New Guinea have names for only two classes of colors. When psychologist Eleanor Rosch and her colleagues studied color perception in the Dani speakers, Rosch found that the Dani:

While Mary was reading a story about the Australian outback adventures of Billy and his dog, she had no problem visualizing the arid countryside, the unusual animals that lived there, and the various people that Billy and his dog met in their journeys. Mary is using:

_____ share exactly the same genes, and thus any differences between them must be due to environmental factors rather than hereditary differences.

In one study, psychologist Margaret Shih and her colleagues assessed the performance of Asian American women on a test of verbal ability, an area in which women are stereotypically expected to excel but Asians are not. In this study, the women scored higher on the verbal test when reminded of the gender identity, but scored lower on the test when reminded of their racial identity. The effect of gender identity in this study is an example of:

Which of the following psychologists is most likely to agree with the idea that there are seven different primary mental abilities, each of which is a relatively independent element of intelligence?

Flashes of insight typically involve:

_____ refers to a group of cognitive processes used to generate useful, original, and novel ideas or solutions.

The acronym CREATE may be used to capture the following elements of creativity EXCEPT:

Formal concept is to _____ as natural concept is to _____.

Hiroshiko believes that a general factor (called the g factor) is responsible for overall performance on mental ability tests, and that it can be expressed as a single number, such as an IQ score. Dr. Hiroshiko's views are most consistent with those of:

A worldwide survey of intelligence test scores showed that there were significant gains in average IQ scores in 14 nations in just one generation. These results provide support for _____ on IQ scores.

Mental set is sometimes MOST likely to block insight in areas in which you are:

Kyle is trying to decide which brand of diapers he should buy for his newborn daughter. Each of the brands has its own unique features that make it seem better than the others. Some diapers have extra padding so that they retain more fluid. Another brand touts special elastic bands around the legs to prevent leakage. Still others have fancy Velcro fasteners. Finally, confused about all of the features, Kyle buys the brand that he recognizes from commercials. What decision-making strategy did Kyle use?

Parents with children in day care may be motivated to embrace research findings that emphasize the benefits of day care for young children and discount findings that emphasize the benefits of home-based care. This is an example of the:

Students were amazed when Professor Diaz walked into class on the first day of the semester and correctly "sensed" that two people in his class of 23 were born on the same day. The tendency to think that it is very unlikely that two people in a class of 23 could share the same birthday is an example of the:

When Hillary was asked what comes to mind in response to the word "animal," she immediately said "horse." For Hillary, "horse" is a(n) _____ of the category "animal."

Kesha forgot her locker combination at the gym. She decides to apply what she knows about algorithms to figure out her combination. This technique:

Research on the cognitive ability needed to manipulate mental images indicates that:

Insight is defined as:

Janice forgot to pack a pillow for her camping trip, but used her down-filled jacket as a substitute pillow. This is an example of: