Question 1

Which of the following statements regarding language is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Language is a system in which arbitrary symbols can be combined to produce an infinite number of meaningful statements. 
B) Displacement is one important characteristic of all human languages. 
C) In most languages, words are similar in sound to the object or meaning that they symbolize. 
D) Language can create a gender bias. 
A) Language is a system in which arbitrary symbols can be combined to produce an infinite number of meaningful statements. 
B) Displacement is one important characteristic of all human languages. 
C) In most languages, words are similar in sound to the object or meaning that they symbolize. 
D) Language can create a gender bias.

Question 2

Gregory decides to drive to Toronto to visit a college friend. After crossing the Canadian border, he discovers that the speed limits are posted in kilometers per hour rather than miles per hour. Luckily, Gregory remembers that one kilometer equals 1.6 miles and that to convert kilometers to miles, he can multiply the number of kilometers by 0.6214. This method would be an example of a problem-solving strategy called:

Accepted Answer

A) a heuristic. 
B) an algorithm. 
C) insight. 
D) trial and error. 
A) a heuristic. 
B) an algorithm. 
C) insight. 
D) trial and error.

Question 3

Exemplars and prototypes are similar in that:

Accepted Answer

A) both are effective problem-solving strategies. 
B) they both involve strict rules and procedures for categorizing novel objects or situations. 
C) they are used to determine whether an object or situation is an instance of a particular natural concept. 
D) both can be obstacles to successful problem solving. 
A) both are effective problem-solving strategies. 
B) they both involve strict rules and procedures for categorizing novel objects or situations. 
C) they are used to determine whether an object or situation is an instance of a particular natural concept. 
D) both can be obstacles to successful problem solving.

Question 4

Kahal has very conservative political beliefs, and he prefers listening to radio talk shows and reading magazines that are consistent with his views. Kahal's tendency to search only for information and evidence that support his perspective illustrates the:

Accepted Answer

A) fallacy of positive instances. 
B) overestimation effect. 
C) confirmation bias. 
D) belief-bias effect. 
A) fallacy of positive instances. 
B) overestimation effect. 
C) confirmation bias. 
D) belief-bias effect.

Question 5

For the vast majority of words, the connection between the symbols and the meanings:

Accepted Answer

A) always follows an algorithm. 
B) is completely determined by linguistic rules. 
C) is completely arbitrary. 
D) is completely determined by syntactic rules. 
A) always follows an algorithm. 
B) is completely determined by linguistic rules. 
C) is completely arbitrary. 
D) is completely determined by syntactic rules.

Question 6

Jaclyn and Jade are identical twins who were raised in different homes, but nevertheless have very similar IQ scores. This example provides support primarily for the influence of _____ on intelligence or IQ.

Accepted Answer

A) environment 
B) genes 
C) innate language capacity 
D) neither genes nor environment 
A) environment 
B) genes 
C) innate language capacity 
D) neither genes nor environment

Question 7

Psychologist Lewis Terman tracked 1,500 California schoolchildren with high IQs throughout their lives. The general finding was that high:

Accepted Answer

A) intelligence can contribute to success in life but motivation and other personality factors are equally important. 
B) intelligence is related to social and personal maladjustment, physical weakness, and mental instability. 
C) IQ scores in schoolchildren had virtually no predictive value of success in adult life. 
D) IQ scores were the best predictors of alcoholism, drug taking, and antisocial behavior. 
A) intelligence can contribute to success in life but motivation and other personality factors are equally important. 
B) intelligence is related to social and personal maladjustment, physical weakness, and mental instability. 
C) IQ scores in schoolchildren had virtually no predictive value of success in adult life. 
D) IQ scores were the best predictors of alcoholism, drug taking, and antisocial behavior.

Question 8

Psychologist Margaret Shih and her colleagues conducted a study where mathematically gifted Asian American female college students were randomly assigned to three groups. Group 1 filled out a questionnaire about their Asian background, designed to remind them of their Asian identity. Group 2 filled out a questionnaire designed to remind them of their female identity. Group 3 was the control group and filled out a neutral questionnaire. The students who were reminded of their racial identity as Asians scored significantly higher on the exam than the students who were reminded of their gender identity as women. The effect of gender identity in this study is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) neurotypical threat. 
B) stereotype threat. 
C) neurotypical lift. 
D) stereotype lift. 
A) neurotypical threat. 
B) stereotype threat. 
C) neurotypical lift. 
D) stereotype lift.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a basic requirement of a good test design?

Accepted Answer

A) reliability 
B) aptitude 
C) validity 
D) standardization 
A) reliability 
B) aptitude 
C) validity 
D) standardization

Question 10

Majid met with a new patient who had a long list of puzzling symptoms. After talking with him for about 10 minutes, Dr. Majid told the patient that she needed to run some tests. Dr. Majid ordered a series of blood and urine tests but privately believed that the patient probably had diabetes. When the test results came back, Dr. Majid sat down to analyze them. Analyzing the test results to confirm or disprove her hunch is an example of the _____ stage of intuition.

Accepted Answer

A) integrative 
B) guiding 
C) displacement 
D) generativity 
A) integrative 
B) guiding 
C) displacement 
D) generativity

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT true about concepts?

Accepted Answer

A) Concepts economize the cognitive effort required for thinking. 
B) Concepts make it easier to communicate with people. 
C) Formal concepts are much easier to acquire than natural concepts because they are formed automatically through everyday experiences. 
D) Thinking can be more efficient because concepts can be organized into orderly hierarchies. 
A) Concepts economize the cognitive effort required for thinking. 
B) Concepts make it easier to communicate with people. 
C) Formal concepts are much easier to acquire than natural concepts because they are formed automatically through everyday experiences. 
D) Thinking can be more efficient because concepts can be organized into orderly hierarchies.

Question 12

According to the In Focus box, "Neurodiversity: Beyond IQ," about _____ percent of people with autism spectrum disorder are autistic savants who have some extraordinary talent or ability in math, music, or art.

Accepted Answer

A) 75 
B) 25 
C) 10 
D) 0 
A) 75 
B) 25 
C) 10 
D) 0

Question 13

Psychologist Margaret Shih and her colleagues conducted a study where mathematically gifted Asian American female college students were randomly assigned to three groups. Group 1 filled out a questionnaire about their Asian background, designed to remind them of their Asian identity. Group 2 filled out a questionnaire designed to remind them of their female identity. Group 3 was the control group and filled out a neutral questionnaire. What were the results of this study?

Accepted Answer

A) The students who were reminded of their racial identity as Asians scored significantly higher on the exam than the students who were reminded of their gender identity as women. 
B) The students who were reminded of their racial identity as Asians scored significantly lower on the exam than the students who were reminded of their gender identity as women. 
C) Racial identity had no effect on exam scores 
D) Gender identity had no effect on exam scores. 
A) The students who were reminded of their racial identity as Asians scored significantly higher on the exam than the students who were reminded of their gender identity as women. 
B) The students who were reminded of their racial identity as Asians scored significantly lower on the exam than the students who were reminded of their gender identity as women. 
C) Racial identity had no effect on exam scores 
D) Gender identity had no effect on exam scores.

Question 14

Kip is a professional auto mechanic whose hobby is restoring old cars. He picked up a classic Thunderbird convertible at an auction, but after spending several weekends tinkering with the engine, he still couldn't figure out what was wrong with it. As he was waking up one morning, he suddenly realized what the problem was. Kip's sudden realization of the problem's solution is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) mental set. 
B) a heuristic. 
C) insight. 
D) functional fixedness. 
A) mental set. 
B) a heuristic. 
C) insight. 
D) functional fixedness.

Question 15

When reminded of the stereotype of the "elderly as forgetful," older adults scored lower on a memory test than a matched group not given that reminder. This example illustrates which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) neurotypical threat 
B) stereotype threat 
C) neurotypical lift 
D) stereotype lift 
A) neurotypical threat 
B) stereotype threat 
C) neurotypical lift 
D) stereotype lift

Question 16

Thinking often involves the manipulation of two forms of mental representations:

Accepted Answer

A) concepts and mental images. 
B) perception and intelligence. 
C) learning and cognition. 
D) prototypes and stereotypes. 
A) concepts and mental images. 
B) perception and intelligence. 
C) learning and cognition. 
D) prototypes and stereotypes.

Question 17

Which of the following is the research method MOST commonly used to explore the role of genetic and environmental factors in human intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A) research using nonhuman animals as subjects 
B) studies of twins and other genetically related individuals 
C) computer models and simulations 
D) a systematic comparison of individuals' scores on the Raven's Progressive Matrices test with their scores on the WAIS and WISC 
A) research using nonhuman animals as subjects 
B) studies of twins and other genetically related individuals 
C) computer models and simulations 
D) a systematic comparison of individuals' scores on the Raven's Progressive Matrices test with their scores on the WAIS and WISC

Question 18

When a test has the ability to produce consistent results when administered on repeated occasions under similar conditions, it is said to be:

Accepted Answer

A) reliable. 
B) valid. 
C) standardized. 
D) representative. 
A) reliable. 
B) valid. 
C) standardized. 
D) representative.

Question 19

Factors such as motivation, expectations, attitudes toward test-taking, previous experience with tests, and use of different strategies in problem solving may affect performance and test scores. The textbook notes that these factors:

Accepted Answer

A) explain all aspects of individual, racial, and ethnic differences in IQ scores. 
B) may relate to cultural differences in test-taking behavior. 
C) have little or no influence on differences in IQ scores. 
D) are less likely than genetics to influence IQ scores. 
A) explain all aspects of individual, racial, and ethnic differences in IQ scores. 
B) may relate to cultural differences in test-taking behavior. 
C) have little or no influence on differences in IQ scores. 
D) are less likely than genetics to influence IQ scores.

Question 20

Approximately what percentage of the population is likely to score above 145 or below 55 on an intelligence test?

Accepted Answer

A) 10 percent. 
B) 68 percent. 
C) 50 percent. 
D) one-tenth of 1 percent (0.1%). 
A) 10 percent. 
B) 68 percent. 
C) 50 percent. 
D) one-tenth of 1 percent (0.1%).

Exam 7: Section 2: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Which of the following statements regarding language is FALSE?

Exemplars and prototypes are similar in that:

Kahal has very conservative political beliefs, and he prefers listening to radio talk shows and reading magazines that are consistent with his views. Kahal's tendency to search only for information and evidence that support his perspective illustrates the:

For the vast majority of words, the connection between the symbols and the meanings:

Jaclyn and Jade are identical twins who were raised in different homes, but nevertheless have very similar IQ scores. This example provides support primarily for the influence of _____ on intelligence or IQ.

Psychologist Lewis Terman tracked 1,500 California schoolchildren with high IQs throughout their lives. The general finding was that high:

Which of the following is NOT a basic requirement of a good test design?

Which of the following is NOT true about concepts?

According to the In Focus box, "Neurodiversity: Beyond IQ," about _____ percent of people with autism spectrum disorder are autistic savants who have some extraordinary talent or ability in math, music, or art.

When reminded of the stereotype of the "elderly as forgetful," older adults scored lower on a memory test than a matched group not given that reminder. This example illustrates which of the following?

Thinking often involves the manipulation of two forms of mental representations:

Which of the following is the research method MOST commonly used to explore the role of genetic and environmental factors in human intelligence?

When a test has the ability to produce consistent results when administered on repeated occasions under similar conditions, it is said to be:

Factors such as motivation, expectations, attitudes toward test-taking, previous experience with tests, and use of different strategies in problem solving may affect performance and test scores. The textbook notes that these factors:

Approximately what percentage of the population is likely to score above 145 or below 55 on an intelligence test?

Section 1: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 2: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 3: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 4: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 5: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 1: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 2: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 3: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 4: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 5: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 1: Sensation and Perception

Section 2: Sensation and Perception

Section 3: Sensation and Perception

Section 4: Sensation and Perception

Section 5: Sensation and Perception

Section 1: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 2: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 3: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 4: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 5: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 1: Learning

Section 2: Learning

Section 3: Learning

Section 4: Learning

Section 5: Learning

Section 1: Memory

Section 2: Memory

Section 3: Memory

Section 4: Memory

Section 5: Memory

Section 1: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 3: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 4: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 5: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 1: Motivation and Emotion

Section 2: Motivation and Emotion

Section 3: Motivation and Emotion

Section 4: Motivation and Emotion

Section 5: Motivation and Emotion

Section 1: Lifespan Development

Section 2: Lifespan Development

Section 3: Lifespan Development

Section 4: Lifespan Development

Section 5: Lifespan Development

Section 1: Personality

Section 2: Personality

Section 3: Personality

Section 4: Personality

Section 5: Personality

Section 1: Social Psychology

Section 2: Social Psychology

Section 3: Social Psychology

Section 4: Social Psychology

Section 5: Social Psychology

Section 1: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 2: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 3: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 4: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 5: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 1: Psychological Disorders

Section 2: Psychological Disorders

Section 3: Psychological Disorders

Section 4: Psychological Disorders

Section 5: Psychological Disorders