Question 1

The use of psychological techniques to treat psychological problems is to _____ as the use of medical techniques to treat psychological problems is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) psychotherapy; psychoanalysis 
B) psychotherapy; biomedical therapy 
C) psychoanalysis; behavior therapy 
D) biomedical therapy; psychotherapy 
A) psychotherapy; psychoanalysis 
B) psychotherapy; biomedical therapy 
C) psychoanalysis; behavior therapy 
D) biomedical therapy; psychotherapy

Question 2

New research has shown that virtual reality (VR) therapy can be especially helpful in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder because:

Accepted Answer

A) virtual reality therapy quickly normalizes the chemical balance of neurotransmitters in the brain. 
B) watching the therapist's moving finger accelerates natural information processing and allows the patient to assimilate dysfunctional memories. 
C) it is possible to recreate the traumatic environment in vivid sensory detail and allow the patient to relive the experience in a controlled fashion. 
D) the therapy can be administered by nonprofessionals. 
A) virtual reality therapy quickly normalizes the chemical balance of neurotransmitters in the brain. 
B) watching the therapist's moving finger accelerates natural information processing and allows the patient to assimilate dysfunctional memories. 
C) it is possible to recreate the traumatic environment in vivid sensory detail and allow the patient to relive the experience in a controlled fashion. 
D) the therapy can be administered by nonprofessionals.

Question 3

According to the In Focus Box: "Increasing Access: Meeting the Need for Mental Health," which of the following statements about technology-based solutions is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Programs like eHealth are primarily used by lay counselors. 
B) Psychotherapy delivered via Internet technology is about as effective as face-to-face psychotherapy. 
C) Due to ethnical concerns about privacy, psychotherapy delivered via the Internet has been banned in 36 states. 
D) People who utilize technology-based solutions are far less likely to continue their treatment than those who receive face-to-face therapy. 
A) Programs like eHealth are primarily used by lay counselors. 
B) Psychotherapy delivered via Internet technology is about as effective as face-to-face psychotherapy. 
C) Due to ethnical concerns about privacy, psychotherapy delivered via the Internet has been banned in 36 states. 
D) People who utilize technology-based solutions are far less likely to continue their treatment than those who receive face-to-face therapy.

Question 4

As part of her treatment for an eating disorder, Anne's psychologist designs a treatment program that involves monitoring Anne's thoughts about food and her weight and recording her eating behavior and weight-control techniques. In addition, her therapist develops a behavior modification program that is designed to reward appropriate eating behavior and discourage inappropriate behaviors. Which therapy is Anne's psychologist using?

Accepted Answer

A) rational-emotive therapy (REBT) 
B) cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) 
C) virtual reality (VR) therapy 
D) eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) therapy 
A) rational-emotive therapy (REBT) 
B) cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) 
C) virtual reality (VR) therapy 
D) eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) therapy

Question 5

Jill enrolled in a stop-smoking program at a local hospital. At the end of each of the daily sessions, participants in the program were required to rapidly puff one cigarette after another for five minutes. Although the participants were unaware of it, the filter tips of the cigarettes had been coated with a foul-tasting substance that induced mild nausea. This part of the stop-smoking program involved _____, which is based on the principles of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) aversive conditioning; classical conditioning 
B) virtual reality; operant conditioning 
C) systematic desensitization; classical conditioning 
D) a token economy; operant conditioning 
A) aversive conditioning; classical conditioning 
B) virtual reality; operant conditioning 
C) systematic desensitization; classical conditioning 
D) a token economy; operant conditioning

Question 6

A neurostimulator, surgically implanted in the chest and connected to electrodes in the brain via wires under the skin, sends electrical signals to the brain of a person with major depressive disorder. This new experimental treatment, which does not involve seizures, is called:

Accepted Answer

A) deep brain stimulation (DBS). 
B) electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). 
C) vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). 
D) transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). 
A) deep brain stimulation (DBS). 
B) electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). 
C) vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). 
D) transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).

Question 7

A psychotropic medication is a drug that:

Accepted Answer

A) causes convulsions. 
B) causes hallucinations and delusions and mimics the symptoms of schizophrenia. 
C) produces visual hallucinations and is used in some traditional religious ceremonies. 
D) alters mental functions, alleviates psychological symptoms, and is used to treat psychological or mental disorders. 
A) causes convulsions. 
B) causes hallucinations and delusions and mimics the symptoms of schizophrenia. 
C) produces visual hallucinations and is used in some traditional religious ceremonies. 
D) alters mental functions, alleviates psychological symptoms, and is used to treat psychological or mental disorders.

Question 8

The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil, differ from first- and second-generation antidepressants in that they:

Accepted Answer

A) affect levels of only one neurotransmitter in the brain, serotonin. 
B) affect levels of only one neurotransmitter in the brain, norepinephrine. 
C) affect levels of multiple neurotransmitters in the brain. 
D) decrease levels of both serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain. 
A) affect levels of only one neurotransmitter in the brain, serotonin. 
B) affect levels of only one neurotransmitter in the brain, norepinephrine. 
C) affect levels of multiple neurotransmitters in the brain. 
D) decrease levels of both serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain.

Question 9

In client-centered therapy, the therapist:

Accepted Answer

A) is usually quite confrontational, forceful, and blunt in challenging the client's irrational beliefs. 
B) strives to be nondirective, genuine, and accepting. 
C) strives to remains neutral, but offers interpretations and suggestions in a nonjudgmental manner. 
D) first identifies specific problem behaviors, then determines their baseline rate, and finally applies behavior modification techniques to change their frequency. 
A) is usually quite confrontational, forceful, and blunt in challenging the client's irrational beliefs. 
B) strives to be nondirective, genuine, and accepting. 
C) strives to remains neutral, but offers interpretations and suggestions in a nonjudgmental manner. 
D) first identifies specific problem behaviors, then determines their baseline rate, and finally applies behavior modification techniques to change their frequency.

Question 10

Cognitive therapies are based upon the assumption that psychological problems are essentially caused by:

Accepted Answer

A) faulty or maladaptive learning. 
B) unconscious conflicts. 
C) irrational and illogical patterns of thinking. 
D) abnormal levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain. 
A) faulty or maladaptive learning. 
B) unconscious conflicts. 
C) irrational and illogical patterns of thinking. 
D) abnormal levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain.

Question 11

Jenkins is a licensed clinical psychologist in Chicago who has an office next door to Dr. Zimmerman, who is a psychiatrist and psychoanalyst. Which of the following statements correctly describes the current rules under which Dr. Jenkins and Dr. Zimmerman practice?

Accepted Answer

A) Dr. Zimmerman can write prescriptions for psychoactive drugs and administer electroconvulsive therapy, but Dr. Jenkins cannot. 
B) Dr. Jenkins can write prescriptions for psychoactive drugs and administer electroconvulsive therapy, but Dr. Zimmerman cannot. 
C) Both Dr. Jenkins and Dr. Zimmerman can write prescriptions for psychoactive drugs, but only Dr. Jenkins, who is a licensed psychologist, can admit patients to the hospital for electroconvulsive treatment for psychological disorders. 
D) Neither Dr. Zimmerman nor Dr. Jenkins can prescribe psychoactive medications, but because Dr. Jenkins is a licensed psychologist he can admit patients to the hospital for electroconvulsive treatment for psychological disorders. 
A) Dr. Zimmerman can write prescriptions for psychoactive drugs and administer electroconvulsive therapy, but Dr. Jenkins cannot. 
B) Dr. Jenkins can write prescriptions for psychoactive drugs and administer electroconvulsive therapy, but Dr. Zimmerman cannot. 
C) Both Dr. Jenkins and Dr. Zimmerman can write prescriptions for psychoactive drugs, but only Dr. Jenkins, who is a licensed psychologist, can admit patients to the hospital for electroconvulsive treatment for psychological disorders. 
D) Neither Dr. Zimmerman nor Dr. Jenkins can prescribe psychoactive medications, but because Dr. Jenkins is a licensed psychologist he can admit patients to the hospital for electroconvulsive treatment for psychological disorders.

Question 12

Eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) therapy was originally developed for the treatment of:

Accepted Answer

A) major depressive disorder. 
B) traumatic memories. 
C) phobias. 
D) schizophrenia. 
A) major depressive disorder. 
B) traumatic memories. 
C) phobias. 
D) schizophrenia.

Question 13

According to your textbook, what explains the high number of prescriptions that have been written for the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as Prozac?

Accepted Answer

A) There is scientific evidence that the SSRIs, especially Prozac, make normal people smarter and more energetic. 
B) Prozac and the other SSRIs have been shown to be effective in treating depressive symptoms in about 95 percent of the patients who take it, a much higher improvement rate than any other psychoactive medication. 
C) Prozac and the other SSRIs have fewer and milder side effects than earlier antidepressants, although their effectiveness is about the same. 
D) Research using PET scans showed that the SSRIs were twice as effective in changing brain chemistry as psychotherapy. 
A) There is scientific evidence that the SSRIs, especially Prozac, make normal people smarter and more energetic. 
B) Prozac and the other SSRIs have been shown to be effective in treating depressive symptoms in about 95 percent of the patients who take it, a much higher improvement rate than any other psychoactive medication. 
C) Prozac and the other SSRIs have fewer and milder side effects than earlier antidepressants, although their effectiveness is about the same. 
D) Research using PET scans showed that the SSRIs were twice as effective in changing brain chemistry as psychotherapy.

Question 14

The ultimate goal of rational-emotive behavior therapy is for clients to:

Accepted Answer

A) learn to recognize and dispute their irrational beliefs in a wide variety of situations. 
B) develop self-awareness, self-acceptance, and move toward self-actualization. 
C) gain insight into the unconscious conflicts that are causing their psychological problems. 
D) change a particular problem behavior and replace it with a more adaptive behavior. 
A) learn to recognize and dispute their irrational beliefs in a wide variety of situations. 
B) develop self-awareness, self-acceptance, and move toward self-actualization. 
C) gain insight into the unconscious conflicts that are causing their psychological problems. 
D) change a particular problem behavior and replace it with a more adaptive behavior.

Question 15

All forms of psychotherapy share the assumption that _____ play(s) a significant role in problematic emotions, behaviors, and thoughts.

Accepted Answer

A) genetic vulnerability to mental disorders 
B) abnormal brain chemistry 
C) psychological factors 
D) repressed sexual urges and wishes 
A) genetic vulnerability to mental disorders 
B) abnormal brain chemistry 
C) psychological factors 
D) repressed sexual urges and wishes

Question 16

Typically, a clinical psychologist holds a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) medical degree and may prescribe medications, electroconvulsive therapy, and other medical procedures in treating mental and emotional disorders. 
B) master's degree and has had extensive supervised experience in couple or family therapy. 
C) master's degree in social work and has had an internship in a social service agency or mental health center. 
D) academic doctorate and has had extensive training in psychological testing and evaluation, psychotherapy, and the prevention of mental and emotional disorders. 
A) medical degree and may prescribe medications, electroconvulsive therapy, and other medical procedures in treating mental and emotional disorders. 
B) master's degree and has had extensive supervised experience in couple or family therapy. 
C) master's degree in social work and has had an internship in a social service agency or mental health center. 
D) academic doctorate and has had extensive training in psychological testing and evaluation, psychotherapy, and the prevention of mental and emotional disorders.

Question 17

The benzodiazepines, a category of antianxiety medications, produce their calming effects by increasing brain levels of:

Accepted Answer

A) lithium. 
B) serotonin. 
C) dopamine. 
D) GABA. 
A) lithium. 
B) serotonin. 
C) dopamine. 
D) GABA.

Question 18

In general, the atypical antipsychotic medications:

Accepted Answer

A) are much more effective than the typical antipsychotic medications in treating the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, including social withdrawal and flat emotions. 
B) have proved ineffective in the treatment of schizophrenia. 
C) are seldom used because they produce more side effects than the typical antipsychotic medications. 
D) are much more likely to produce movement-related side effects than the typical antipsychotic medications. 
A) are much more effective than the typical antipsychotic medications in treating the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, including social withdrawal and flat emotions. 
B) have proved ineffective in the treatment of schizophrenia. 
C) are seldom used because they produce more side effects than the typical antipsychotic medications. 
D) are much more likely to produce movement-related side effects than the typical antipsychotic medications.

Question 19

Which of the following techniques are often used in combination with the standard systematic desensitization procedures?

Accepted Answer

A) observational learning techniques involving watching others calmly cope with the feared situation 
B) a series of electroconvulsive therapy treatments 
C) network therapy 
D) aversive conditioning using mild electric shocks 
A) observational learning techniques involving watching others calmly cope with the feared situation 
B) a series of electroconvulsive therapy treatments 
C) network therapy 
D) aversive conditioning using mild electric shocks

Question 20

According to Freud, when early experiences result in unresolved conflicts and frustrated urges, these emotionally charged memories are _____ but can continue to influence a person's thoughts and behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) suppressed 
B) transferred 
C) resisted 
D) repressed 
A) suppressed 
B) transferred 
C) resisted 
D) repressed

Exam 14: Section 2: Therapies

The use of psychological techniques to treat psychological problems is to _____ as the use of medical techniques to treat psychological problems is to _____.

New research has shown that virtual reality (VR) therapy can be especially helpful in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder because:

According to the In Focus Box: "Increasing Access: Meeting the Need for Mental Health," which of the following statements about technology-based solutions is true?

A neurostimulator, surgically implanted in the chest and connected to electrodes in the brain via wires under the skin, sends electrical signals to the brain of a person with major depressive disorder. This new experimental treatment, which does not involve seizures, is called:

A psychotropic medication is a drug that:

The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil, differ from first- and second-generation antidepressants in that they:

In client-centered therapy, the therapist:

Cognitive therapies are based upon the assumption that psychological problems are essentially caused by:

Jenkins is a licensed clinical psychologist in Chicago who has an office next door to Dr. Zimmerman, who is a psychiatrist and psychoanalyst. Which of the following statements correctly describes the current rules under which Dr. Jenkins and Dr. Zimmerman practice?

Eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) therapy was originally developed for the treatment of:

According to your textbook, what explains the high number of prescriptions that have been written for the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as Prozac?

The ultimate goal of rational-emotive behavior therapy is for clients to:

All forms of psychotherapy share the assumption that _____ play(s) a significant role in problematic emotions, behaviors, and thoughts.

Typically, a clinical psychologist holds a(n):

The benzodiazepines, a category of antianxiety medications, produce their calming effects by increasing brain levels of:

In general, the atypical antipsychotic medications:

Which of the following techniques are often used in combination with the standard systematic desensitization procedures?

According to Freud, when early experiences result in unresolved conflicts and frustrated urges, these emotionally charged memories are _____ but can continue to influence a person's thoughts and behavior.

Section 1: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 2: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 3: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 4: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 5: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 1: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 2: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 3: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 4: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 5: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 1: Sensation and Perception

Section 2: Sensation and Perception

Section 3: Sensation and Perception

Section 4: Sensation and Perception

Section 5: Sensation and Perception

Section 1: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 2: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 3: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 4: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 5: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 1: Learning

Section 2: Learning

Section 3: Learning

Section 4: Learning

Section 5: Learning

Section 1: Memory

Section 2: Memory

Section 3: Memory

Section 4: Memory

Section 5: Memory

Section 1: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 2: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 3: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 4: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 5: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 1: Motivation and Emotion

Section 2: Motivation and Emotion

Section 3: Motivation and Emotion

Section 4: Motivation and Emotion

Section 5: Motivation and Emotion

Section 1: Lifespan Development

Section 2: Lifespan Development

Section 3: Lifespan Development

Section 4: Lifespan Development

Section 5: Lifespan Development

Section 1: Personality

Section 2: Personality

Section 3: Personality

Section 4: Personality

Section 5: Personality

Section 1: Social Psychology

Section 2: Social Psychology

Section 3: Social Psychology

Section 4: Social Psychology

Section 5: Social Psychology

Section 1: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 2: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 3: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 4: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 5: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 1: Psychological Disorders

The use of psychological techniques to treat psychological problems is to _ as the use of medical techniques to treat psychological problems is to _.