Question 1

Which of the following statements about evaluating the effectiveness of psychotherapy is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) The vast majority of people who experience the symptoms of a psychological disorder seek the help of a mental health professional. 
B) The term spontaneous remission refers to the improvement of symptoms that sometimes occurs simply over the passage of time. 
C) In recent years, hundreds of studies have evaluated the effectiveness of the major forms of psychotherapy. 
D) Research studies that evaluate the effectiveness of psychotherapy often vary in terms of which types of psychotherapy are compared, which psychological disorders are studied, and how improvement is measured. 
A) The vast majority of people who experience the symptoms of a psychological disorder seek the help of a mental health professional. 
B) The term spontaneous remission refers to the improvement of symptoms that sometimes occurs simply over the passage of time. 
C) In recent years, hundreds of studies have evaluated the effectiveness of the major forms of psychotherapy. 
D) Research studies that evaluate the effectiveness of psychotherapy often vary in terms of which types of psychotherapy are compared, which psychological disorders are studied, and how improvement is measured.

Question 2

The new field of pharmacogenetics is the study of:

Accepted Answer

A) how genes influence an individual's response to drugs. 
B) mind-brain interactions and their effect on mental health. 
C) the genetic basis of mental illness. 
D) how stimulating the brain via magnetic impulses, or electric current, affects mental illness. 
A) how genes influence an individual's response to drugs. 
B) mind-brain interactions and their effect on mental health. 
C) the genetic basis of mental illness. 
D) how stimulating the brain via magnetic impulses, or electric current, affects mental illness.

Question 3

After a near-fatal suicide attempt, Emily was hospitalized for major depressive disorder. Because the risk of suicide continued to be high, Emily's psychiatrist suggested a series of ECT treatments because:

Accepted Answer

A) Emily's suicidal behavior needed to be punished. 
B) compared to using antidepressant medications, ECT can potentially relieve the symptoms of major depressive disorder much more quickly, sometimes within days. 
C) the therapeutic benefits of ECT usually last much longer than treatment with antidepressant medications. 
D) ECT causes severe memory loss and Emily is not likely to remember why she wanted to commit suicide in the first place. 
A) Emily's suicidal behavior needed to be punished. 
B) compared to using antidepressant medications, ECT can potentially relieve the symptoms of major depressive disorder much more quickly, sometimes within days. 
C) the therapeutic benefits of ECT usually last much longer than treatment with antidepressant medications. 
D) ECT causes severe memory loss and Emily is not likely to remember why she wanted to commit suicide in the first place.

Question 4

An approach that is related to eclecticism, but instead uses multiple, diverse techniques that are blended together during psychotherapy, is called ____ therapy.

Accepted Answer

A) deep brain stimulation (DBS) 
B) interpersonal therapy 
C) integrative 
D) exposure 
A) deep brain stimulation (DBS) 
B) interpersonal therapy 
C) integrative 
D) exposure

Question 5

An early biomedical treatment for mental illness called _____ involved primitive surgery on the brain, presumably as a treatment to allow evil spirits to leave the body.

Accepted Answer

A) psychotropics 
B) reserpine 
C) trephining 
D) oonmaad 
A) psychotropics 
B) reserpine 
C) trephining 
D) oonmaad

Question 6

For the last several weeks, Cheryl has been responding to her therapist with hostility during her sessions of psychoanalysis. Cheryl often responds similarly to her parents, especially her mother. Cheryl is probably unconsciously experiencing:

Accepted Answer

A) resistance. 
B) transference. 
C) overgeneralization. 
D) personalization. 
A) resistance. 
B) transference. 
C) overgeneralization. 
D) personalization.

Question 7

Randy was given a prescription for an antidepressant. His psychiatrist also gave him a long list of foods to avoid and warned Randy that consuming any of the foods while he was on the antidepressant medication could cause dangerously high blood pressure and even death. The list included cheese, smoked sausage, and red wine. Which type of antidepressant did the psychiatrist prescribe for Randy?

Accepted Answer

A) a dual-reuptake inhibitor 
B) an MAO inhibitor 
C) a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) 
D) a tricyclic antidepressant 
A) a dual-reuptake inhibitor 
B) an MAO inhibitor 
C) a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) 
D) a tricyclic antidepressant

Question 8

In contrast to Valium, Librium, and other benzodiazepines, the antianxiety medication with the trade name of Buspar:

Accepted Answer

A) increases brain levels of the neurotransmitter called glutamate. 
B) increases brain levels of the neurotransmitter called GABA. 
C) takes two to three weeks to produce its antianxiety effects. 
D) should only be taken for a week or two because of its addictive potential. 
A) increases brain levels of the neurotransmitter called glutamate. 
B) increases brain levels of the neurotransmitter called GABA. 
C) takes two to three weeks to produce its antianxiety effects. 
D) should only be taken for a week or two because of its addictive potential.

Question 9

Researchers on effective psychotherapy have identified several common factors that contribute to a positive therapy outcome. Which of the following is NOT one of those common factors?

Accepted Answer

A) a specific therapeutic approach or orientation 
B) therapist characteristics and the quality of the therapeutic relationship 
C) awareness of and sensitivity to cultural differences 
D) client characteristics 
A) a specific therapeutic approach or orientation 
B) therapist characteristics and the quality of the therapeutic relationship 
C) awareness of and sensitivity to cultural differences 
D) client characteristics

Question 10

Most European and U.S. psychotherapies are based upon a(n) _____ cultural orientation rather than a(n) _____ cultural orientation.

Accepted Answer

A) individualistic; collectivistic 
B) interdependent; independent 
C) collectivistic; individualistic 
D) family network; individual 
A) individualistic; collectivistic 
B) interdependent; independent 
C) collectivistic; individualistic 
D) family network; individual

Question 11

The first antipsychotic drug was a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) herb derived from the snakeroot plant and was used more than 2,000 years ago. 
B) atypical drug called Clozapine. 
C) neuroleptic medication called Buspar. 
D) bipolar medication called lithium. 
A) herb derived from the snakeroot plant and was used more than 2,000 years ago. 
B) atypical drug called Clozapine. 
C) neuroleptic medication called Buspar. 
D) bipolar medication called lithium.

Question 12

Client-centered therapy was developed by:

Accepted Answer

A) Mary Cover Jones. 
B) Aaron Beck. 
C) Carl Rogers. 
D) Albert Ellis. 
A) Mary Cover Jones. 
B) Aaron Beck. 
C) Carl Rogers. 
D) Albert Ellis.

Question 13

The use of aversive conditioning as a therapeutic technique:

Accepted Answer

A) has dramatically increased in the last decade because of its effectiveness. 
B) has proven effective in the treatment of phobias, major depressive disorder, and anxiety disorders. 
C) involves biomedical intervention with drugs such as Valium, Librium, and Xanax. 
D) is not widespread, because it is not very effective in producing desired changes. 
A) has dramatically increased in the last decade because of its effectiveness. 
B) has proven effective in the treatment of phobias, major depressive disorder, and anxiety disorders. 
C) involves biomedical intervention with drugs such as Valium, Librium, and Xanax. 
D) is not widespread, because it is not very effective in producing desired changes.

Question 14

In her landmark study of a 3-year-old child named Peter, Mary Cover Jones demonstrated that:

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning techniques could be used to remove fears. 
B) cognitive therapy was the most effective approach in reducing Peter's irrational fear of rabbits. 
C) aversive conditioning was highly effective in eliminating Peter's fear of rabbits. 
D) operant conditioning principles could be used to eliminate phobias. 
A) classical conditioning techniques could be used to remove fears. 
B) cognitive therapy was the most effective approach in reducing Peter's irrational fear of rabbits. 
C) aversive conditioning was highly effective in eliminating Peter's fear of rabbits. 
D) operant conditioning principles could be used to eliminate phobias.

Question 15

The effectiveness of reserpine in reducing hallucinations, delusions, and other symptoms commonly seen in schizophrenia was:

Accepted Answer

A) first recognized by traditional practitioners of medicine in India more than 2,000 years ago. 
B) first discovered by French scientists in the 1950s. 
C) accidentally discovered when it was used as an ingredient in bottled water and some soft drinks, such as 7-Up. 
D) first described by Sigmund Freud and initially used as part of traditional psychoanalysis. 
A) first recognized by traditional practitioners of medicine in India more than 2,000 years ago. 
B) first discovered by French scientists in the 1950s. 
C) accidentally discovered when it was used as an ingredient in bottled water and some soft drinks, such as 7-Up. 
D) first described by Sigmund Freud and initially used as part of traditional psychoanalysis.

Question 16

The basic assumption of behavior therapy is that:

Accepted Answer

A) faulty patterns of thinking are producing the current difficulties. 
B) adaptive and maladaptive behaviors are learned. 
C) every family has unspoken rules of interaction and communication that have contributed to the current difficulties. 
D) the therapist must be nondirective and provide the client with unconditional positive regard and empathic understanding. 
A) faulty patterns of thinking are producing the current difficulties. 
B) adaptive and maladaptive behaviors are learned. 
C) every family has unspoken rules of interaction and communication that have contributed to the current difficulties. 
D) the therapist must be nondirective and provide the client with unconditional positive regard and empathic understanding.

Question 17

Psychoanalysis is a form of psychotherapy that was originally developed by _____ in the _____.

Accepted Answer

A) Carl Rogers; 1950s 
B) Albert Ellis; 1960s 
C) Sigmund Freud; early 1900s 
D) Aaron Beck; 1960s 
A) Carl Rogers; 1950s 
B) Albert Ellis; 1960s 
C) Sigmund Freud; early 1900s 
D) Aaron Beck; 1960s

Question 18

Drugs that diminish psychotic symptoms are called:

Accepted Answer

A) antidepressants or antidelusionary medications. 
B) antipsychotic medications or neuroleptic medications. 
C) benzodiazepines or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. 
D) inhibitor medications or tranquilizers. 
A) antidepressants or antidelusionary medications. 
B) antipsychotic medications or neuroleptic medications. 
C) benzodiazepines or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. 
D) inhibitor medications or tranquilizers.

Question 19

What findings have resulted from studies of "real" EMDR and "sham" EMDR, a kind of placebo condition that removed the eye movements from the treatment?

Accepted Answer

A) There was no difference between real and sham EMDR. 
B) The sham EMDR was more effective than the real EMDR. 
C) The real EMDR was more effective than the sham EMDR. 
D) The real EMDR was more effective than the sham EMDR, but only for males. 
A) There was no difference between real and sham EMDR. 
B) The sham EMDR was more effective than the real EMDR. 
C) The real EMDR was more effective than the sham EMDR. 
D) The real EMDR was more effective than the sham EMDR, but only for males.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a class of antidepressant medication?

Accepted Answer

A) benzodiazepines 
B) dual-reuptake inhibitors 
C) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors 
D) MAO inhibitors 
A) benzodiazepines 
B) dual-reuptake inhibitors 
C) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors 
D) MAO inhibitors

Exam 14: Section 2: Therapies

Which of the following statements about evaluating the effectiveness of psychotherapy is FALSE?

The new field of pharmacogenetics is the study of:

After a near-fatal suicide attempt, Emily was hospitalized for major depressive disorder. Because the risk of suicide continued to be high, Emily's psychiatrist suggested a series of ECT treatments because:

An approach that is related to eclecticism, but instead uses multiple, diverse techniques that are blended together during psychotherapy, is called ____ therapy.

An early biomedical treatment for mental illness called _____ involved primitive surgery on the brain, presumably as a treatment to allow evil spirits to leave the body.

For the last several weeks, Cheryl has been responding to her therapist with hostility during her sessions of psychoanalysis. Cheryl often responds similarly to her parents, especially her mother. Cheryl is probably unconsciously experiencing:

In contrast to Valium, Librium, and other benzodiazepines, the antianxiety medication with the trade name of Buspar:

Researchers on effective psychotherapy have identified several common factors that contribute to a positive therapy outcome. Which of the following is NOT one of those common factors?

Most European and U.S. psychotherapies are based upon a(n) _____ cultural orientation rather than a(n) _____ cultural orientation.

The first antipsychotic drug was a(n):

Client-centered therapy was developed by:

The use of aversive conditioning as a therapeutic technique:

In her landmark study of a 3-year-old child named Peter, Mary Cover Jones demonstrated that:

The effectiveness of reserpine in reducing hallucinations, delusions, and other symptoms commonly seen in schizophrenia was:

The basic assumption of behavior therapy is that:

Psychoanalysis is a form of psychotherapy that was originally developed by _____ in the _____.

Drugs that diminish psychotic symptoms are called:

What findings have resulted from studies of "real" EMDR and "sham" EMDR, a kind of placebo condition that removed the eye movements from the treatment?

Which of the following is NOT a class of antidepressant medication?

Section 1: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 2: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 3: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 4: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 5: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 1: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 2: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 3: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 4: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 5: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 1: Sensation and Perception

Section 2: Sensation and Perception

Section 3: Sensation and Perception

Section 4: Sensation and Perception

Section 5: Sensation and Perception

Section 1: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 2: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 3: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 4: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 5: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 1: Learning

Section 2: Learning

Section 3: Learning

Section 4: Learning

Section 5: Learning

Section 1: Memory

Section 2: Memory

Section 3: Memory

Section 4: Memory

Section 5: Memory

Section 1: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 2: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 3: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 4: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 5: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 1: Motivation and Emotion

Section 2: Motivation and Emotion

Section 3: Motivation and Emotion

Section 4: Motivation and Emotion

Section 5: Motivation and Emotion

Section 1: Lifespan Development

Section 2: Lifespan Development

Section 3: Lifespan Development

Section 4: Lifespan Development

Section 5: Lifespan Development

Section 1: Personality

Section 2: Personality

Section 3: Personality

Section 4: Personality

Section 5: Personality

Section 1: Social Psychology

Section 2: Social Psychology

Section 3: Social Psychology

Section 4: Social Psychology

Section 5: Social Psychology

Section 1: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 2: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 3: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 4: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 5: Stress, Health, and Coping

Most European and U.S. psychotherapies are based upon a(n) _ cultural orientation rather than a(n) _ cultural orientation.

Psychoanalysis is a form of psychotherapy that was originally developed by _ in the _.